The U-Pb Geochronology and Lu-Hf Isotope Compositions of Detrital Zircons from the Nanhua Group of the Longsheng Region, South China and their Implications for Pan-African Events

It is unclear whether the South China blocks have an affinity with continental Gondwana due to a lack of direct Pan-African magmatic and metamorphic features. In this study, we conducted U-Pb geochronological and Lu-Hf isotopic analyses for detrital zircons from a sandstone of the Chang’an Formation of the Nanhua Group in the Longsheng region of northern Guangxi, with the aim of constraining the timing of sedimentation and information as to its source, as well as seeking evidence for Pan-African events in the South China blocks. The results show that the ages of detrital zircons peaked at 654.7 ± 6.2 Ma, 773.2 ± 4.1 Ma and 821.9 ± 6.5 Ma, with some at 920–870 Ma; the youngest age indicates the existence of the Pan-African thermal event. The εHf(t) and TDM2 values demonstrate that the study area has experienced three stages of crustal growth at 3.0–2.4 Ga, 2.1–1.5 Ga and 1.3–0.9 Ga. With intensively distributed Neoproterozoic mafic-ultramafic and granitic plutons emplaced at 830–810 Ma along the southwestern section of the Jiangnan Orogenic Belt and positive εHf(t) values from a large group of zircon grains, it is proposed that the sediments of the Chang’an Formation (of Nanhua Group) were largely sourced from the southeastern margin of the Yangtze block. Comparison with the zircon age spectra of the Cathaysian block shows that about 79% of the Pan-African aged detrital zircon grains that have TDM2 = 1352–1031 Ma and εHf(t) = 3.68–8.79, were sourced from the recycled Grenvillian crust of the Cathaysian block, suggesting that the Cathaysian block had a close connection with Gondwana.     

Fe2O3/凹凸棒石Fenton催化剂的制备及性能表征

采用浸渍法制备了用于常温常压下催化Fenton法的负载型Fe2O3/凹凸棒石催化剂,并将其用于处理十二烷基苯磺酸钠废水.采用BET,SEM,FT-IR对其进行了表征,并考察了Fe2O3/凹凸棒石催化剂的催化活性和稳定性.对于初始浓度为40 mg/L的十二烷基苯磺酸钠模拟废水,当Fe2O3/凹凸棒石催化剂和H2O2氧化剂的投加量分别为20 g/L和0.392 mol/L时,pH为5时,反应温度为80℃时,处理1h时染料的十二烷基苯磺酸钠的去除率可达到99.99％.与传统Fenton试剂法相比,以Fe2O3/凹凸棒石为催化剂的Fenton法,具有pH范围广(2～10),降解程度高和催化剂易回收再用的优点.     

Isotopes and Geochronology of the Meixian-type Pb-Zn-(Ag)Deposits,Central Fujian Rift,South China:Implications for Geological Events

Central Fujian Rift is another new and important volcanogenic massive sulfide Pb-Zn polymetallic metallogenetic belt. In order to find out the material genesis and mineralization period of Meixian-type Pb-Zn-Ag deposits, S and Pb isotope analysis and isotope geochronology of ores and wall rocks for five major deposits are discussed. It is concluded that the composition of sulfur isotope from sulfide ore vary slightly in different deposits and the mean value is close to zero with the 834S ranging from -3.5‰ to ＋5.6‰ averaging at ＋2.0‰, which indicates that the sulfur might originate from magma or possibly erupted directly from volcano or was leached from ore-hosted volcanic rock. The lead from ores in most deposits displays radioactive genesis character （206pb/204pb〉18.140, 207Pb/204pb〉15.584, 208pb/204pb〉38.569） and lead isotope values of ores are higher than those of wall rocks, which indicates that the lead was likely leached from the ore-hosted volcanic rocks. Based on isotope data, two significant Pb-Zn metallogenesis are delineated, which are Mid- and Late-Proterozoic sedimentary exhalative metailogenesis （The single zircon U-Pb, Sm-Nd isochronal and Ar-Ar dating ages of ore- hosted wall rocks are calculated to be among 933-1788 Ma.） and Yanshanian magmatic hydrothermal superimposed and alternated metallogenesis （intrusive SHRIMP zircon U-Pb and Rb-Sr isochronal ages between 127-154 Ma）.     

Multistage Deformation in the Northeastern Segment of the Jiangshao Fault (Suture) Belt: Constraints for the Relationship between the Yangtze Plate and the Cathaysia Old Land

Multistage deformation events have occurred in the northeastern Jiangshao Fault (Suture) Belt. The earliest two are ductile deformation events. The first is the ca. 820 Ma top-to-the-northwest ductile thrusting, which directly resulted from the collision between the Cathaysia Old Land and the Chencai Arc (?) during the Late Neoproterozoic, and the Jiangnan Orogenic Belt that formed as the ocean closed between the Yangtze Plate and the jointed Cathaysia Old Land and the Chencai Arc due to continuous compression. The second is the ductile left-lateral strike-slipping that occurred in the latest Early Paleozoic. Since the Jinning period, all deformation events represent the reactivation or inversion of intraplate structures due to the collisions between the North China and Yangtze plates during the Triassic and between the Philippine Sea and Eurasian plates during the Cenozoic. In the Triassic, brittle right-lateral strike-slipping and subsequent top-to-the south thrusting occurred along the whole northeastern Jiangshao Fault Zone because of the collision between the North China and Yangtze plates. In the Late Mesozoic, regional extension took place across southeastern China. In the Cenozoic, the collision between the Philippine Sea and Eurasian plates resulted in brittle thrusts along the whole Jiangnan Old land in the Miocene. The Jiangshao Fault Belt is a weak zone in the crust with long history, and its reactivation is one of important characteristics of the deformation in South China; however, late-stage deformation events did not occur beyond the Jiangnan Old Land and most of them are parallel to the strike of the Old Land, which is similar to the Cenozoic deformation in Central Asia. In addition, the Jiangnan old Land is not a collisional boundary between the Yangtze Plate and Cathaysia Old Land in the Triassic.     

基于SEM的可变形块体离散元法研究

针对边坡工程中岩土体连续-非连续渐进破坏的特点,提出一种新的变形体离散元方法（DEM）。与传统有限单元法（FEM）不同,弹簧元法（SEM）通过构建一组广义弹簧系统描述单元的力学行为。弹簧元法中的一个广义弹簧可以具有多个方向的刚度系数,确定广义弹簧系统的构造形式及其各刚度系数表达式是弹簧元法的核心。以三角形单元为例,介绍平面弹簧元的基本理论。对任何二维正交广义弹簧系统,通过定义广义弹簧变形与单元应变之间的关系,直接对比单元的应变能与弹簧系统的弹性势能即可得到广义弹簧刚度系数的表达形式。定义泊松刚度系数和纯剪刚度系数两个系统参数,描述正交广义弹簧之间的联系。对任意泊松比的材料,该方法都可准确地描述泊松效应的影响,计算结果与传统有限元法一致。该方法不需要求得有限元单元刚度矩阵的具体形式,具有直接方便、物理意义明确的优点,应用该方法给出任意4节点单元弹簧系统的构造形式及其各刚度系数的表达式。基于SEM的可变形块体离散元法,用弹簧元中的广义弹簧求解块体变形,用离散元中的接触弹簧计算块体间作用力,在单元节点的控制方程中实现弹簧元-离散元耦合计算,通过接触弹簧的状态实现材料由连续到非连续的破坏过程。在基于连续介质离散元法（CDEM）程序的基础上实现弹簧元-离散元耦合程序,应用耦合程序计算均质土坡在重力作用下的弹塑性变形和基覆边坡在重力作用下的破坏,初步证明该方法用于边坡变形渐进破坏分析的可行性。     

复杂区域四边形网格生成的一种改进方法

提出了一种改进的四边形网格生成算法。该法在行波法生成平面三角形网格的基础上，将一个三角形单元分解为三个四边形单元。经过优化处理，获得优良的计算域四边形网格。针对岩土工程结构问题，还提出了网格剖分中尖灭不连续面和锚杆及锚索的处理方案。地下洞室和边坡算例表明了这种方法的可行性和可靠性。     

活树桩固坡对边坡稳定性影响的数值分析

作为一种经济、环保的植物固坡方法,活树桩在发达国家得到了较为广泛的应用.笔者介绍了活树桩固坡方法的应用和施工方法,讨论了其加固机理.采用弹塑性有限元分析活树桩固坡对边坡稳定性的影响,研究了活树桩的入土长度、加固位置、数量、角度及其根系发展等因素对边坡安全系数影响的规律.     

陕西宝鸡市三趾马红土工程地质特性及灾害效应

陕西宝鸡市渭河北岸地区厚层黄土底部普遍存在一套三趾马红土,其物理力学特性控制着滑坡灾害的发生。通过试验分析发现：①三趾马红土粘粒含量高（一般在37%~55%之间）、蒙脱石或伊利石/蒙脱石类膨胀性粘土矿物含量大（相对含量55%~75%,绝对含量21.99%~33.98%）、有效蒙脱石含量为18.61%~27.56%,比表面积平均值为204.7m2/g,最高达262.9m2/g,属于膨胀性粘土,物理化学活性强;②三趾马红土微裂隙发育、胶结程度差、易崩解,天然状态下为坚硬粘土,饱水后呈现可塑—软塑态,具显著膨胀性;③三趾马红土的天然强度相对较高,而遇水饱和后,粘聚力和内摩擦角明显降低,峰值强度和残余剪强度降幅在47%~63％之间。因此,三趾马红土在地下水作用下强度显著降低,成为高陡斜坡中的软弱地层,形成剪切带,控制着渭北黄土塬边地区滑坡的发育与分布。     

土质边坡失稳判别的CA-AA耦合模型

解决边坡稳定性问题的关键是确定最危险滑动面(潜在最危险滑动面)和边坡的稳定系数。将蚁群算法用于求解土质的边坡稳定性问题。针对蚁群算法在演化过程中存在停滞和过早收敛的现象,对基本蚁群算法的结构形式和蚂蚁转移概率的计算进行了改进。构建了一种新的蚁群算法——元胞蚁群算法(CA-AA)。在文武坡边坡稳定性判别中,利用CA-AA法计算得到其稳定系数为1.37,略小于《岩土工程勘察规范》不平衡推力法计算值,弥补了不平衡推力法的不足,更接近实际。算例结果表明:元胞蚁群算法(CA-AA)总能搜索到问题的全局最优解,且搜索效率也有较大的提高。     

北京城近郊区土壤中Cd的释放、形态转化与演变趋势

在对北京城近郊区主要类型土壤(潮土和褐土)中Cd形态分析的基础上,研究pH与土壤中Cd的释放量及其形态转化的关系.结果表明潮土和褐土中Cd的释放量曲线都呈下凹的弧形,在pH=6～7之间释放量最低.pH对土壤中Cd释放的影响,其本质是土壤中Cd的化学形态发生了变化,各形态间的转化以水溶态为中介体.所有的形态转化中,pH对交换态和碳酸盐结合态影响最大,且这两者之间的转化对生物有效量起决定性作用.进而根据北京城近郊区土壤中生物有效Cd的分布状况,结合北京市近12年监测的大气pH值,对北京城近郊区土壤Cd污染进行预警.