银川台形变数字化观测干扰识别

收集整理了宁夏回族自治区银川台形变数字化观测固体潮分钟值资料,论述了抽水、降雨、大风、进人、仪器调零、断电或者电压不稳定以及其它仪器故障等因素对形变数字化高频记录的影响及其机理,为利用数字化资料及时识别干扰、准确捕捉地震短临异常提供了可借鉴的实例。     

固原体应变观测资料综合分析

对固原海子峡体应变2008年1月以来的观测数据进行了连续率、日漂移、内在精度以及噪声水平等方面的统计分析,结果显示观测资料连续率高,内在精度高,漂移快,噪声水平相对偏高.并从中选取了4个时段与气压进行相关分析,结果显示两者存在高度相关性,且体应变随气压变化在时间上存在40min的滞后效应,应用相关分析方法去除气压对体应...     

淹没丁坝群二维水流数值模拟新方法

为模拟淹没丁坝群平面二维水流运动,提出了淹没丁坝群二维水流数值模拟新方法并建立了数学模型。新方法的主要实施方案:① 将丁坝视为无厚度坝,用网格线概化丁坝;② 采用新的网格节点布置形式,即水深、流速节点布置于网格界面上,水位节点布置于网格中心,有别于一般交错网格节点布置。模型采用基于结构网格下的有限体积法对方程组进行离散,同时将淹没丁坝坝顶水深代入离散方程中进行求解。采用已有的水槽试验资料,进行了初步验证,模拟了长江下游东流水道已建丁坝群工程实施后河道的流场和水位场,结果表明计算和实测符合较好。     

固原体应变与水位和气压相关性研究

通过对固原体应变与水位、气压等影响因素的相关分析,以及对M2波潮汐因子相对误差等参数的计算,结果显示体应变观测与水位变化长期存在高度反向相关,与气压短期存在高度正相关,且体应变随气压变化在时间上存在40分钟左右的滞后效应。并利用回归相关分析消除水位、气压影响,探讨了体应变与水位、气压相关系数以及响应系数在宁夏地区小震前的变化特点。     

海洋的固有光学特性

在西北大西洋、墨西哥级蒙特里湾,沿５条航线,确定了包括湾流、环流、陆坡、陆架及近岸水域中有色溶解有机质（ＣＤＯＭ）的吸收和荧光发射之间的定量关系。提出了确定ＣＤＯＭ荧光的方法,该方法使实验室之间的结果能相互比较交能进行航空荧光测量结果的校准。     

Regional estimation of total recharge to ground water in Nebraska

Naturally occurring long-term mean annual recharge to ground water in Nebraska was estimated by a novel water-balance approach. This approach uses geographic information systems (GIS) layers of land cover, elevation of land and ground water surfaces, base recharge, and the recharge potential in combination with monthly climatic data. Long-term mean recharge > 140 mm per year was estimated in eastern Nebraska, having the highest annual precipitation rates within the state, along the Elkhorn, Platte, Missouri, and Big Nemaha River valleys where ground water is very close to the surface. Similarly high recharge values were obtained for the Sand Hills sections of the North and Middle Loup, as well as Cedar River and Beaver Creek valleys due to high infiltration rates of the sandy soil in the area. The westernmost and southwesternmost parts of the state were estimated to typically receive < 30 mm of recharge a year.     

洞温对银川台重力观测的影响研究

研究了银川台洞温对重力观测的影响，结果表明，重力非潮汐变化与洞温变化显著相关。提出了重力测量对洞温的改正模型。经验证，观测资料经模型改正后，潮汐参数的精度有了显著提高。     

Plastic debris ingestion by marine catfish: an unexpected fisheries impact

Plastic marine debris is a pervasive type of pollution. River basins and estuaries are a source of plastics pollution for coastal waters and oceans. Estuarine fauna is therefore exposed to chronic plastic pollution. Three important catfish species [Cathorops spixii (N = 60), Cathorops agassizii (N = 60) and Sciades herzbergii (N = 62)] from South Western Atlantic estuaries were investigated in a tropical estuary of the Brazilian Northeast in relation to their accidental ingestion of plastic marine debris. Individuals from all three species had ingested plastics. In C. spixii and C. agassizii, 18% and 33% of individuals had plastic debris in their stomachs, respectively. S. herzbergii showed 18% of individuals were contaminated. All ontogenetic phases (juveniles, sub-adults and adults) were contaminated. Nylon fragments from cables used in fishery activities (subsistence, artisanal and commercial) played a major role in this contamination. These catfish spend their entire life cycles within the estuary and are an important feeding resource for larger, economically important, species. It is not yet possible to quantify the scale and depth of the consequences of this type of pollution. However, plastics are well known threat to living resources in this and other estuaries. Conservation actions will need to from now onto take plastics pollution into consideration.     

正演方法识别滨里海中区块盐下真假构造

在滨里海中区块地震时间剖面上,因高速盐丘的影响,盐丘下伏地层存在上拉现象,造成视觉上的假构造,给解释成图带来困难,也影响着钻探的效率.目前人们用变速成图和深度偏移的方法尚没能完全消除假构造的影响,主要原因是盐丘本身的速度不易精确刻画.在国内,因盐丘地质现象较少,识别盐下真假构造研究工作较少开展;而国外,也只是在最近几年叠前深度偏移技术实用之后,才有了一些研究进展.本文使用模型正演的方法,统计盐丘的平均层速度及其它各层的VSP或测井测量速度制作模型,找到了时间剖面上盐丘厚度与盐下地层向上拉伸量的变化规律.在实际应用中,识别确认了2个盐下真实构造、3个盐下假构造和2个可能真构造;其成果也已用于叠前深度偏移及构造成图分析等方面,并成为以后在类似地区的有效勘探方法之一.     

Seasonal and spatial heterogeneity of recent sea surface temperature trends in the Caribbean Sea and southeast Gulf of Mexico

Recent changes in ocean temperature have impacted marine ecosystem function globally. Nevertheless, the responses have depended upon the rate of change of temperature and the season when the changes occur, which are spatially variable. A rigorous statistical analysis of sea surface temperature observations over 25 years was used to examine spatial variability in overall and seasonal temperature trends within the wider Caribbean. The basin has experienced high spatial variability in rates of change of temperature. Most of the warming has been due to increases in summer rather than winter temperatures. However, warming was faster in winter in the Loop Current area and the south-eastern Caribbean, where the annual temperature ranges have contracted. Waters off Florida, Cuba and the Bahamas had a tendency towards cooling in winter, increasing the amplitude of annual temperature ranges. These detailed patterns can be used to elucidate ecological responses to climatic change in the region.