2015年内蒙古阿拉善左旗5.8级地震前震兆异常回顾

通过对2015年4月15日内蒙古阿拉善左旗5.8级地震序列和地震构造作了初步分析,该地震序列为主余型,发震构造为蹬口—本井断裂.主震前在鄂尔多斯西缘中小地震活动明显增强,但在震中附近地震活动不突出,存在银川地震窗、地震空区、空间参数扫描A值等测震学年度异常;震前出现突出的短临前兆异常有阿拉善左旗倾斜NS向、银川石英摆倾斜EW向、石嘴山视电阻率EW向等.其异常分析可为今后宁夏及邻区中强以上地震的震例总结和预测提供参考依据.     

抽水对银川台伸缩仪观测资料干扰的探讨与分析

通过对银川台伸缩仪观测资料的综合对比分析,系统地论述了抽水对银川台伸缩仪观测资料的干扰机制,并提出了消除干扰的方法。     

Parasite communities in the red mullet, Mullus barbatus L., respond to small-scale variation in the levels of polychlorinated biphenyls in the Western Mediterranean

We examined parasite populations and communities in the Mediterranean sentinel fish species, Mullus barbatus, sampled at a small-scale PCB gradient at the shelf sediments off Catalonian coasts of the Western Mediterranean. A recurrent feature at both the population and community level was the differentiation of the samples along the increasing PCB levels simultaneously registered in the sediments. Both directly transmitted ectoparasites and endoparasites with complex life-cycles transmitted via food chains exhibited a decrease in abundance with the increase in PCB levels. Parasite numerical responses translated into significant differences in infracommunity structure with decreasing predictability associated with increasing PCB levels. The abundance of two species, the specialist Opecoeloides furcatus and the generalist nematode Hysterothylacium fabri, contributed substantially to the observed dissimilarity between infracommunity samples along the gradient. The observed parasite responses to moderate levels of pollution were simultaneously validated by both chemical monitoring and effect biomarkers.     

基于砂箱物理模拟的断层封闭有效性评价新方法

泥岩涂抹的连续性影响油气跨断层运移,在相似岩性、相似应力条件下,泥岩厚度和断距长度是影响泥岩涂抹连续性的主要因素.本文结合岩芯观察,借助三维定量物理模拟实验对泥岩涂抹的连续有效性进行了研究.结果表明:①泥岩有效涂抹是决定断层封闭性的必要条件,涂抹连续厚度是封闭性评价的重要参数;②受剪切作用在断层带中形成连续的泥岩涂抹油...     

利津洼陷沙四上亚段滩坝沉积特征及控制因素分析

通过岩心观察、测井和地震资料分析,运用沉积学、层序地层学理论,将利津洼陷沙四上亚段分为1个层序3个体系域（LST、TST、HST）,并细分为7个准层序组。研究了滩坝砂岩的沉积特征和在准层序组内的平面展布,以准层序组1、2滨浅湖滩坝最发育,准层序组3、4风暴滩坝最发育,准层序组6、7砂质滩坝发育差但发育碳酸盐滩坝。对滩坝控制因素进行了探讨,首次提出了“气（气候）-源（物源）-盆（盆地）”系统控滩坝的分析思路,是对传统“源控论”的完善与补充,可更合理解释滩坝的成因和分布,增加预测性。     

Carrying capacity of the eastern ecological gradient of Kenya

Kenya's rate of natural population increase exceeds 4.0%/year. At this rate, Kenya's population of 23.5 million will expand to 35 million by the year 2000. Rural migrants are being forced out of the highlands into marginal arid and semiarid regions to the east and south in the eastern ecological gradient including Meru, Kitui, Machakos, and Kajiado districts. The people have become victims of marginalization by which the productivity of a unit of land declines relative to the demands of its occupants. The concept of carrying capacity means the number of people a given area can sustain over the long term. In Maasailand, 3.5 standard stock units (450 kg each) are required per adult equivalent for full subsistence, about 7 cows/person. For the Maasai pastoralists, carrying capacities were examined at 2 levels of subsistence: 100% from the herds and 80% from the herds; 2 technological levels; and population-growth rates of 2%, 2.5%, and 3%/annum. Using the median, 3.5%/year, population-growth scenario these districts will have almost 5 million inhabitants in the year 2000. Poverty at technology level I for 40% of them, or for 2 million people, is implausible. Technology level II implies that current rural-development programs will succeed with technological innovations for farm households, access to credit, and markets for their produce. Level II is likely to prevail toward the end of the century for the majority of farmers. Level III necessitates best agricultural and livestock technology as well as the best management. At most, 25% of the households of the eastern ecological gradient could enter this realm by the year 2000. Current strategies of voluntary family planning, rural development emerging from an antiquated extension system, inability to address inequity in land distribution, and laissez-faire resource management are inadequate to deal with the pace of change.     

滨里海盆地东缘盐构造及变形机制:物理模拟的启示

盐构造与油气成藏关系密切,一直是构造地质和石油地质研究的热点.滨里海盆地下二叠统孔谷阶发育巨厚盐层,并发育盐底辟、盐枕、盐滚、盐边凹陷、盐焊接和龟背等多种盐构造,盐构造类型多、变形机理各异.由于盐构造成因复杂,导致对盐构造宏观变形动力机制、下伏地层微地貌对上覆盐层构造变形影响等认识不清,制约了对盐构造形成机理的认识.本文根据滨里海盆地东缘地震资料和地层特征,建立了地质模型,设计了相应的盐构造物理模拟实验;通过物理模拟实验研究了盐构造变形动态过程,梳理了盐构造变形机理及与下伏地层之间的关系.结果表明:①早期盐层变形动力主要为外部挤压力和盐层滑脱流动变形,滨里海盆地构造变形外力主要来自东部乌拉尔造山作用,造山运动造成盐层塑性流动滑脱变形形成层间褶皱及与盐层相关的断裂;②晚期盐构造幅度和巨厚盐丘形成动力主要为上覆沉积物的差异负载和下伏地层微地貌古构造背景,在滨里海盆地晚二叠世到三叠纪,来自东部乌拉尔褶皱带的碎屑物持续向盆地充填沉积形成差异负载,造成盐层纵向的剧烈变形,而下伏地层正向微地貌加速了这种变形.这些试验结果对滨里海盆地盐相关构造的认识和油气勘探有重要的指导作用.     

银川台形变数字化观测干扰识别

收集整理了宁夏回族自治区银川台形变数字化观测固体潮分钟值资料,论述了抽水、降雨、大风、进人、仪器调零、断电或者电压不稳定以及其它仪器故障等因素对形变数字化高频记录的影响及其机理,为利用数字化资料及时识别干扰、准确捕捉地震短临异常提供了可借鉴的实例。     

九寨沟7.0级地震前泾源形变异常变化分析

以2017年8月8日四川省阿坝州九寨沟县7.0级地震为研究对象,利用宁夏泾源形变观测资料,采用常用的形态法以及潮汐因子变化分析了此次地震的前兆异常。分析表明,震前泾源形变观测点伸缩仪、垂直摆倾斜仪观测数据均出现了明显的震前异常,趋势异常表现为长期上升,短期、短临异常表现在震前转向或加速,震后观测资料恢复到原来的状况。     

2017年9月2日宁夏固原4.6级地震震例分析

2017年9月2日宁夏固原市原州区发生4.6级地震.通过对此次地震的回顾和总结,得到以下结论:①固原4.6级地震为孤立型地震;余震主要分布在主震震中西南侧,结合震源机制节面解,初步判定NW向节面应为此次地震的发震断层面,震源错动方式为左旋走滑兼具逆冲;震源机制解最佳拟合深度为9 km;震源机制解参数为节面Ⅰ:走向34°、倾角62°、滑动角174°,节面Ⅱ:走向127°、倾角85°、滑动角28°;②固原4.6级地震前存在前震活动、小震调制异常以及固原地震窗异常;③海原小山钻孔应变异常变化与固原4.6级地震有关,且与该测项预测指标已有的研究结果较吻合,但此次地震震级比预计震级偏大;④固原地震台地电阻率和地磁谐波振幅比异常期间发生了3次中强地震,其中,2017年5月17—20日,固原地震台地电阻率EW向出现快速下降,之后呈低值变化;固原地震台地磁谐波振幅比NS向从2014年开始经历下降—转折—回升过程,具有良好的映震效能.