利用初至时距进行相位改正的波动方程析射线法

我们利用初至时距改正非线性波动方程反演方法中的相位畸变问题，从而改善了大变量速度层析射线重精度，并帮助解决了波动方程反演的不适当问题，当速度分布变化较大时，普通的非线性波动方程反演严重不适定，对于这样严重的非线性问题，不能获得正确的反结果。     

利用跨孔成像方法探寻矿体

利用跨孔地震测量圈定井间的矿体边界，数据初步处理出现的严重问题是：由于利用源静校正影响了矿体的成功成像。然而，经过静校正和仔细处理，矿体边界可采用走时层析和偏移成像清晰地圈定出来，偏移成像不仅非常适应于层析成像，而且能提供较高的空间分辨率，进而可获得较清晰的地质体的图像。这一研究证明：矿体可以用跨孔反射成像有效地圈定出来。     

Relationships between atmospheric circulation patterns and co2 greenhouse-gas concentration levels in the alpine troposphere

Middle tropospheric CO₂ air concentrations, measured during a four year observation period at an Alpine Station (Plateau Rosa, Italian North-West Alps, 3480 m a.s.l.), have been correlated with the relevant synoptic air trajectories crossing the observation site. Meaningful relationships have been found among average curvature, altitude and potential temperature of clusters of homogeneous trajectories and their related CO₂ concentrations measured at Plateau Rosà, allowing an objective identification of weather conditions giving rise to fully mixed air masses corresponding to background atmospheric CO₂ levels. Air trajectories were calculated by using the wind speed fields provided by the ECMWF objective analysis. As during the analysis period a change of the ECMWF model resolution occurred (from T106 to T213), the study was also carried out in the sub-periods respectively preceding and following this change (in September 1991). Even if some features of the wind field turned out to be statistically different in the two sub-periods, nevertheless the differences on the trajectory patterns were small enough to keep almost unchanged all conclusions drawn for the whole four-year period.     

全球气候模式（GCM）对辐射强迫的响应

长波辐射加热（ＬＷＲＨ）对气候预报有显著作用，文章比较了６种取自ＧＣＭ的ＬＷＲＨ算法所产生的加热率廓线，表明在有云情况下，ＬＷＲＨ算法对输入变量的敏感性。ＬＷＲＨ算法对ＧＣＭ变化的敏感性测试结果表明，加热率强烈地依赖于模式截断，模式变化（包括长波辐射ＬＷＲ算法）和地表强迫（ＳＳＴ）。引入假观测评价各种ＬＷＲ算法所产生加热率的精确性，在ＣＣＭ２模式中应用ＮＣＡＲ原版本和移植的ＥＣＭＦＷ方案计算了ＬＷ     

东海大陆架沉积物内大型底栖生物和生源结构

底栖生物对沉积过程和沉积类型的影响有两个方面，一是导致颗粒沉积物的沉积、再悬浮，或导致其稳定、垂直混合和粒级分层；二是影响液体和溶解性矿物质同上覆水的交换。长江口外的东海大陆架区域辽阔(宽度超过500km)，包含着各种各样的沉积环境和生物。在31°－33°N之间的海域，低层水温的巨大梯度，形成一个介于亚热带和冷温带(或北温带)群落之间的极为明显的生物地理过渡带。沉积物从现代沉积中心的粘土到全新世海侵的残留砂皆有分布。 本文是1980和1981年中美东海沉积动力学联合调查的研究结果，简要地描述底栖生物的一般分布型，重点讨论沉积柱中大型底栖生物垂直分布的观测结果，并推断底栖生物在沉积过程中的作用。     

利用δ^18O和烯烃记录恢复海水表面温度和盐度

深海沉积物中有孔虫壳体的氧同位素成分(δ^18O)被广泛用做古气候变化标志，但是这种δ^18O的变化是由海水表面温度、全球冰体体积和区域盐度相互作用造成的，这三者的影响难以分开．最近已发展了一种根据浮游藻类中不饱和稀烃(alkenone)的丰度比值来计算古温度的技术．这里我们利用取自于阿拉伯海和孟加拉湾间的深海钻孔氧同位素和烯烃记录相结合的方法来提取盐度信号．     

管外孵化型多毛类中缨蚕Sablla media (Bush)的发育及对缨鳃蚕科Sabellidae生殖类型的讨论

前言据1977年Fauchald报导,现已发现的多毛类缨鳃蚕科有290种,其中45种分布在北美西海岸(Hartman, 1969; Banse, 1972,1979),它们多数栖息在浮动船坞下周丛生物间、岩岸和潮下带的贝壳、卵石及软泥等底质中.从数量上看,它们在很多区域中是底栖群落的优势种(Kendal,1979; Bell,1982).虽然缨鳃虫科种数多而分布普遍,但我们仅掌握了很零星的有关它们生殖和发育的知识.有关其幼虫发育的详细报告有:wilson(1936)的Megalomma(=Branchiomma) vesicuIosum,1946年奥田四郎(Okuda,S.)的potamilla myriops和Chone echaudata (=teres), Forsman(1956)的Manayunkia aestuarina     

A study of the chemical composition and transport of marine aerosols over the ocean near China

In this paper the authors cite the aerosol samples collected with a KA-200 Anderson cascade Impactor and a KB-120 sampler during the first cruise of the Kuroshio investigation operated by the People's Republic of China and Japan cooperative program, from July 23 to August 21, 1987. The concentration size distributions and composition of marine aerosols over the Kuroshio area are analyzed. Neutron activation analysis is used to determine the elemental composition of the aerosols. The authors also discuss some characteristics of marine aerosols relating to long-range transport of crustal and anthropogenic elements from the continent to the remote ocean. Analytical results indicate that elements Al, Fe, Sc and Sb over this area are obviously influenced by the continent of Asia, and the size distributions are changed after long-range transport. The concentration of large particles increase. The concentrations of the elements C1 and Na are closely related to ocean conditions; the source of the elements Cl an     

Variation of sulfate aerosol concentrations over the western Pacific and their effect on clouds, radiation and precipitation

Under bilateral cooperation between the United States of America and the People's Republic of China, a series of research cruises were conducted over the western Pacific Ocean. It was found that a) the non-sea-salt sulfate aerosol particles are the major source of cloud condensation nuclei, b) the population of clouds and the total albedo are proportional to the concentration of condensation nuclei and consequently to the concentration of the non-sea-salt aerosol particles, and c) the amount of rainfall is inversely proportional to the concentration of non-sea-salt sulfate aerosol particles. It seems that anthropogenic sulfate aerosol particles affect the regional planetary albedo and climate and that the contribution from biogenically derived sulfate aerosol particles is of lesser importance.     

Experimental evaluation of early patterns of colonisation of space on rocky shores and seawalls

The introduction of artificial structures in coastal areas can cause fragmentation and loss of natural habitats. Previous studies found that variation in colonisation of space at mid-shore levels could account for differences in mature assemblages between seawalls and vertical surfaces on adjacent rocky shores in Sydney Harbour (Australia). This study tests the model that the nature of the substratum is responsible for different patterns of early colonisation between vertical ledges of rocky shores and seawalls. According to this model, patterns in early colonisation would differ between cleared areas created on vertical surfaces on rocky shores and seawalls, but not between standard surfaces (panels) installed on each structure. Early colonisation of space differed between seawalls and rocky shores, regardless of the type of substratum (clearings versus panels). Differences in relative abundances between structures were evident on both types of substrata for some taxa, while they varied between substrata for others. No taxa, however, showed consistent differences between structures in only the clearings. In addition, the abundance of some taxa differed between panels on the different structures, suggesting that the effects of the substratum were modulated by factors operating differentially between rocky shores and seawalls.