The Relationship between Model Biases in East Asian Summer Monsoon Rainfall and Land Evaporation

The East Asian Summer Monsoon(EASM) provides the majority of annual rainfall to countries in East Asia.Although state-of-the-art models broadly project increased EASM rainfall, the spread of projections is large and simulations of present-day rainfall show significant climatological biases. Systematic evapotranspiration biases occur locally over East Asia, and globally over land, in simulations both with and without a coupled ocean. This study explores the relationship between evapotranspiration...     

Neutrino Event Rates from Gamma-Ray Bursts

We recalculate the diffuse flux of high-energy neutrinos produced by gamma-ray bursts in the relativistic fireball model. Although we confirm that the average single burst produces only approximately 10-2 high-energy neutrino events in a detector with a 1 km2 effective area, i.e., about 10 events yr-1, we show that the observed rate is dominated by burst-to-burst fluctuations that are very large. We find event rates that are expected to be larger by 1 order of magnitude, likely more, which are dominated by a few very bright bursts. This greatly simplifies their detection.     

http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1674987114000255

Geophysical studies point to a complex tectonic and geodynamic evolution of the Alboran Basin and Gulf of Cadiz.Tomographic images show strong seismic waves velocity contrasts in the upper mantle.The high velocity anomaly beneath the Alboran Sea recovered by a number of studies is now a well established feature.Several geodynamic reconstructions have been proposed also on the base of these images.We present and elaborate on results coming from a recent tomography study which concentrates on both the Alboran and the adjacent Atlantic region.These new results,while they confirm the existence of the fast anomaly below the Alboran region,also show interesting features of the lithosphere-asthenosphere system below the Atlantic.A high velocity body is imaged roughly below the Horseshoe Abyssal plain down to sub-lithospheric depths.This feature suggests either a possible initiation or relic subduction.Pronounced low velocity anomalies pervade the upper mantle below the Atlantic region and separate the lithospheres of the two regions.We also notice a strong change of the upper mantle velocity structure going from south to north across the Gorringe Bank.This variation in structure could be related to the different evolution in the opening of the central and northern Atlantic oceans.     

表面活性剂改善钻井液速溶的效果评价

针对钻井液材料溶解慢,达到理想性能时间长,提出使用表面活性剂降低配浆水的表面张力和接触角,同时对材料有润湿和增溶作用。通过分析表面活性剂的作用机理,测试表面活性剂对钻井液基本性能影响来优化表面活性剂;观察表面活性剂对土(上海佳友土、鄂州素土和碱土)和大分子材料的性能影响来优化表面活性剂的加量。结果表明,卵磷脂1在短时间内促进材料的水化分散效果最好,且最优加量为0.2‰,对于6%的上海佳友土、鄂州素土和碱土,表观黏度分别提高20%、20%和6%。0.2‰的卵磷脂可以促进配方(4%佳友土+1‰黄原胶+0.8%改性淀粉)表观黏度提高15%,润滑性提高37%,表面张力降低42%,大分子材料分散得更均匀,泥皮更致密。     

Oxidative stress in ecotoxicology: from the analysis of individual antioxidants to a more integrated approach

An integrate approach will be discussed for investigations on oxidative stress in xenobiotic toxicity. While the analysis of individual antioxidants is useful for their sensitivity and to understand the mode of action of a stressor, the integration with the analysis of the total antioxidant capacity provides a more holistic assessment of the overall biological significance of such variations. TOSC has a greater predictive value on the health condition of the organisms and allows to discriminate the different role of specific ROS in oxidative stress syndrome.     

台湾省的地理学现状

台湾省地理学的发展很活跃,因为它关系到台湾省1800多万人的利益,专攻各类地理专业的学生们在公共生活中所起的作用是相当重要的。在某些方面,台湾省的地理学研究比美国还好,如对中国悠久传统的地理研究方面,台湾省把它列为学术界的一项重要研究任务。     

苏联多区域经济模型与区域发展预测

引言应用经济模型研究苏联区域发展是非常有效的。计划经济中经济活动的调节、分配制度的显著作用以及产生、区域与国民经济宏观指标的密切关系都有利于这一方法的应用。本文介绍了1981—1983年建立的苏联多区域经济模型 SRM。模型的目标是描述苏联15个共和国的经济增长并预测它们在八十年代的发展。每个共和国分成工业、农林业、运输通信业、建筑业、商业等5个生产部门和服务业1个非生产部门。     

计算机随机样品模拟

本文介绍了利用计算机产生给定误差分布的模拟随机样品的一种方法。