稳定状态下冰川纵向断面计算——以天山乌鲁木齐河源1号冰川为例

据大山乌鲁木齐河源1号冰川1980年地形测量图、1980年5月至1981年5月冰面流速及冰川雷达测厚资料,用统计相关求得单宽流量与平均冰厚、坡降之间关系式。在假定今后冰川维持1959—1966年向物质平衡等值线分布下,计算了该冰川最终稳定纵向断面,此时该冰川面积与体积分别仅为1980年的83.6％与60.5％,且形态上分为两支;每年供水量为78×10~4m~3,为1958—1983年间平均供水量的83.4％。     

水系悬浮物和河底沉积物在密西西比河谷型铅锌矿床勘查中的应用

为了评价悬浮物和河底沉积物在密西西比河谷型铅锌矿地球化学勘查中的相对有效性。在美国弗吉尼亚州Rockingham县Bowers Campbell铅锌矿床84号矿段的东、西河流采集底部沉积物和河流水体中的悬浮物。该矿体由闪锌矿、黄铁矿和少量方铅矿、黄铜矿组成。其走向平行并垂直切穿白云岩层,矿体氧化深度100米左右。 Zn是寻找矿化带的有效元素。在悬浮物中的Zn反映的异常,无论是全Zn或者是3％HCl冷提取的Zn,都比河底沉积物中Zn所揭示的异常群(7个强的,2个中等的异常)更密集,更明显。矿化带下游有700米悬浮Zn分散流。由Cu、Zn和冷酸提取检测的Pb组合在一起,呈现出一个大范围重叠的多元素异常群,它能准确地圈定矿带。Pb异常群范围在已知矿床的上     

介绍一门新学科—人类生物气象学

气象学既是一门边缘的科学,也是一门应用的科学,目前它已形成了三十多个分支,人类生物气象学(Human Biometeorology)就是其中之一。人类赖以生存的环境大气无时无刻不在影响着每个人的工作、生活与健康。因此研究大气对人体的影响尤为必要。本文对此从七个方面作了深入的讨论。一、直接影响太阳辐射特别是紫外辐射(<0.3微米)能使皮肤变黑、起泡;在紫外线的长期照射下,甚至会引起皮肤癌。此外,强烈的紫外线可引起结膜炎和白     

南部非洲的花岗片麻岩—绿岩地盾

前言构成南部非洲地盾一部分的早前寒武纪(太古宙)花岗岩一绿岩层,是地球表面上已知最老的地层之一。在博次瓦纳东部、南非(阿扎尼亚)东北部以及津巴布韦,该地盾是由林波波活动带分割的两个克拉通、即卡普瓦尔和罗德西亚克拉通组成。在时间上从27—35亿年(或甚至更老)的地区,是作为30亿年前在大陆边缘条件下形成的一种独特的克拉通盆地基底。     

混合式三维电磁模拟方法

在地球物理文献中对三维电磁问题讨论过有限的几种数值解。这些数值解是利用积分方程,有限元法或有限差分技术获得的。莱尼斯和乔尼斯(Lines和Jones,1973)以及雷戴等人(Reddy等,1977)分别应用有限差分和有限元技术提出了关于三维大地电磁     

Ocean storage of nuclear wastes? Experiences from the Russian Arctic

An international demonstration (RD&D) project for ocean storage of radioactive wastes should be proposed, to study the feasibility of the concept of ocean storage of nuclear waste. This international project should utilize the scientific, engineering and technical capabilities of selected universities, oceanographic institutions, NGOs and industries. This project would need to be an independent (non-governmental) study, utilizing the capabilities of selected universities, oceanographic institutions, environmental NGOs (Non-Governmental Organizations) and industries. Scientists and engineers first need to conduct an engineering, environmental, and economic feasibility study of the concept. The goal of the project would be to determine if ocean-based storage reduced the risks to the environment and public health to a greater degree than land-based storage. This would require comparing the risks and factors involved and making the data and information available to anyone, anywhere, anytime on the internet. The mere presence of an investigation of the ocean storage option could facilitate scientific and engineering competition between the two options, could subsequently reduce environmental and public risks and provide better protection and cost benefits in the system utilized. One of the primary concerns of the scientific community would be related to the sensitivity and precision of the monitoring of individaul containers on the ocean bottom. An advantage of the land-based option is that if there is a release, its presence could be detected at very low levels and be contained in the storage facility. On the ocean bottom, a release from a container might not be easily detected due to dispersion. Therefore the containment system would have to be a system within a system with monitoring between the two providing greater protection. Ocean storage may have greater technical and political hurdles than land-based options, but it may provide greater protection over time, because it negates the threat of terrorism, it therefore merit further study. In the future if the use of nuclear energy and nuclear wastes increases, the global society could benefit from this international project, because it could reduce environmental and public health risks and promote energy independence.     

Trace metals in estuarine sediments from the southwestern Spanish coast

The impact of river-transported metal pollution and industrial wastes on the metal distribution (Cr, Cu, Zn, Pb) in estuarine sediments was studied in the southwestern Spanish estuaries. Intertidal and subtidal surface sediments of the Tinto-Odiel Estuary are very highly polluted by heavy metals, with geoaccumulation indices up to 4 in the three sedimentary environments studied (channel, channel border and salt marsh). The single exception is the Punta Umbria channel, very protected from the point sources by salt marsh deposits and hydraulic processes. In the remaining two estuaries, pollution (Pb, Cu) was only significant near the harbour situated in the Piedras river mouth, whereas very low values were found in the Guadiana Estuary. In these last rivers, the enrichment factor increases from the channel to the salt marsh sediments.     

esearch57-64K282.1

94;1;F;H;H124_1;F094_1;苑杰;53-60清代东北马政探析王颖超;北京师范大学文学院 北京100875清代;;东北;;马政;;大凌河马场;;驿站清政府在东北实施的一系列与马有关的制度主要包括大凌河马场的设立和驿站、驿马的设置。顺治五年,清政府为了征战之需,在东北辽西设立大凌河马场,马场对维护和巩固清统治者的地位起到了重要的军事作用。清代末期,由于清政     

沉积岩的一种各向异性模型

给出了沉积岩的一种各向异性模型。用一个各向异性参数描述这类材料的固有各向异性，各向异性参数和单轴抗压强度是一个分布函数，其分布用一个微结构张量和加载方向表示。建立了一个描述各向异性沉积岩变形过程的全塑性模型。用该模型对这一些三轴试验进行了模拟，结果表明该模型能有效地描述沉积岩的固有各向异性。     

足尺磁流变阻尼器的建模及动态特性

在过去三十年左右的时间里,结构保护系统受到了广大研究者的普遍关注.这种保护系统可以用来降低自然灾害(如地震、强风)对上木工程建筑的损害.由于磁流变阻尼器机械结构简单,动态范围大,能耗低,回复力大,鲁棒性良好,能够在满足不同工程项目需求的同时提供有效的结构抗震抗风手段,目前它是一种非常有前途的半主动结构减震装置.本文首先介绍了磁流变液体和装置的主要特性和优点,建立了磁流变阻尼器的伪静力轴对称模型,并将其结果和平行板模型以及阻尼器实验结果进行了比较.尽管伪静力模型对于阻尼器的设计十分有效,但是它们还不足以描述阻尼器的动态特性.对实际工程应用来说,动态响应时间是一项非常重要的性能指标.文章还讨论了影响磁流变阻尼器动态响应时间的因素,建立了基于Bouc-Wen模型的阻尼器动态模型.同时文章也提出了优化阻尼器动态响应的途径和方法以及其实验验证.