南天山西段及交汇区介质品质因子Q值特征研究

利用2009~2013年间新疆数字地震台网中12个地震台所记录的34个地震事件的数字地震波形资料,以南天山西段及交汇区作为研究区,采用3段几何衰减模型及Atkinson联合反演方法对地震波形资料进行非弹性衰减研究,得出介质品质因子Q(f)与频率的关系:Q(f)=337f0.577。为验证不同时段的地震事件对Q(f)计算结果是否有影响,将上述研究中2009年发生的前24个事件保持不变,对后10个事件做3次更换研究,分别得到介质品质因子Q(f)与频率的关系:Q(f)=329f0.565;Q(f)=324f0.520;Q(f)=363f0.526。结果表明不同时段内的地震事件对Q(f)值的影响不大,采用Atkinson联合反演方法计算介质品质因子Q(f)较为稳定、可靠。     

Damage detection on framed structures: modal curvature evaluation using Stockwell Transform under seismic excitation

The key parameters for damage detection and localization are eigenfrequencies, related equivalent viscous damping factors and mode shapes. The classical approach is based on the evaluation of these structural parameters before and after a seismic event, but by using a modern approach based on time-frequency transformations it is possible to quantify these parameters throughout the ground shaking phase. In particular with the use of the S-Transform, it is possible to follow the temporal evolution of the structural dynamics parameters before, during and after an earthquake. In this paper, a methodology for damage localization on framed structures subjected to strong motion earthquakes is proposed based on monitoring the modal curvature variation in the natural frequency of a structure. Two examples of application are described to illustrate the technique: Computer simulation of the nonlinear response of a model, and several laboratory(shaking table) tests performed at the University of Basilicata(Italy). Damage detected using the proposed approach and damage revealed via visual inspections in the tests are compared.     

基于多时相CBERS/CCD数据的塔里木河下游植被变化

自2000年实施生态输水以后,塔里木河下游断流区沿岸自然植被得到了不同程度的恢复。根据逐年中等分辨率遥感数据,利用时间轨迹分析方法,对植被变化的过程和趋势进行分析。选择2000-2005年各年的最佳CBERS/CCD图像,根据土壤调整植被指数值,将各年土地覆被分为植被和非植被;基于分类结果逐像元构建土地覆被变化轨迹;并按照过程和趋势特征将变化轨迹划分为恒定非植被、恒定植被、转变为植被、转变为非植被和非稳定变化5种变化类型。通过分析植被面积变化与生态输水之间的关系、以及不同趋势类型的数量、空间特征,并结合输水资料和地面调查结果,了解各种变化趋势的变化过程、植被结构和变化原因。结果表明:植被面积随生态输水的进行呈逐年增加趋势;输水过程中,7.94%的区域呈现转变为植被的趋势,主要是草本植物恢复和灌木丛的复苏所致;同时仅有2.66%的像元转变为非植被;由于生态脆弱性较高,尚有10.43%的像元表现为非稳定变化。变化轨迹所揭示的过程特征显示,由非植被向植被转变的变化主要出现在2003年最大规模输水以后;在河水漫溢区尤为明显。实践还表明,干旱区植被变化波动频繁,时间轨迹分析方法有利于揭示植被的变化过程和趋势;而CBERS/CCD数据的免费使用,为利用中等空间分辨率遥感数据进行时间轨迹分析节约了成本。     

新疆沙漠化防治区划及分区防治技术与模式

按照区划的原则、依据和方法,将新疆的沙漠化防治区划分为2个一级区、7个二级区和22个三级区。其中,一级区北疆温带干旱半干旱沙漠化和潜在沙漠化防治区划分了准噶尔盆地亚区、阿尔泰山及准东丘陵亚区、准噶尔西部山地亚区、天山北坡亚区共4个二级区,一级区南疆暖温带极端干旱沙漠化和潜在沙漠化防治区划分了塔里木盆地亚区、天山南坡亚区、昆仑-阿尔金山亚区共3个二级区。针对各区的沙漠化特点,分别提出了沙漠化防治策略及防治技术与模式。     

新疆提灯藓科(Mniaceae)植物的种类与分布

根据历年采自新疆维吾尔自治区的285份提灯藓科(Mniaceae)标本,在查阅大量文献的基础上,通过经典分类方法,对新疆提灯藓科的种类进行了整理、鉴定和分类。结果表明,新疆有提灯藓科植物6属、24种,包含北灯藓属Cinclidium(2种)、曲灯藓属Cyrtomnium(1种)、提灯藓属Mnium(7种)、匍灯藓属Plagiomnium(11种)、毛灯属Rhizomnium(1种)、疣灯藓属Trachycystis(2种),其中密集匐灯藓Plagiomnium confertidens(Lindb.et H.Arn.)T.Kop.、粗齿匐灯藓Plagiomni-um drummondii(Bruch et Schimp.)T.Kop.、小刺叶提灯藓Mnium spinulosumB.S.G.为新疆新纪录种。并根据种类的形态特征,列出了新疆提灯藓科植物的分属、分种检索表,以及每种的生境和地理分布特点。     

塔克拉玛干沙漠塔中地区春夏季风蚀起沙研究

利用塔克拉玛干沙漠腹地塔中地区的观测资料,对塔中地区春夏季地表土壤风蚀起沙的临界摩擦速度及其变化特征和起沙风速进行了分析研究,并计算了2008年4月19日和7月19日两次沙尘暴天气过程沙漠地表的风蚀起沙量。结果表明:塔中地区春夏季地表起沙的临界摩擦速度为0.26 m·s-1;2 m高度的临界起沙风速约为4.1 m·s-1;两次沙尘暴过程的顺风向沙粒通量和垂直尘粒通量的平均值分别为17.44×10-4 kg·m-1·s-1 、13.8×10-8 kg·m-2·s-1、164.69×10-4 kg·m-1·s-1和799.77×10-8 kg·m-2·s-1;沙尘通量的变化与风速及摩擦速度的变化具有一致性。     

极端干旱环境下的胡杨细根分布与土壤特征

以塔里木河下游的中龄胡杨为研究对象,采用开挖剖面分层取样法,对胡杨细根(D≤2 mm)的空间分布以及与土壤特征因子之间的关系进行了分析。结果表明:①在长期干旱胁迫下,胡杨细根(D≤2 mm)根长密度(RLD)、根表面积密度(SAD)从表层到地下100 cm土层内,呈逐渐增加趋势,100~140 cm土层内表现为减少的波动分布趋势;细根RLD、SAD集中分布在60~120 cm土层内,约占0~140 cm土层总细根RLD和SAD的74%以上;在水平方向上,距树干0.75～2.5 m范围内,呈逐渐减少趋势,而在3.5～5.5 m范围内呈波动的增加趋势。②胡杨细根(D≤2 mm)RLD和SAD与土壤总盐、土壤有效养分含量之间呈显著负相关关系,适合乘幂模型,与土壤含水率之间呈一定程度的正相关关系,适合三次曲线模型。     

Particulate matter geochemistry of a highly industrialized region in the Caribbean:Basis for future toxicological studies

Air pollution has become an important issue,especially in Caribbean urban areas,and,particulate matter(PM)emitted by different natural and anthropogenic sources causes environmental and health issues.In this work,we studied the concentrations of PM₁₀ and PM_2.5 sources in an industrial and port urban area in the Caribbean region of Colombia.PM samples were collected within 48-h periods between April and October 2018 by using a Partisol 2000 i-D sampler.Elemental geochemical characterization was performed by X-ray fluorescence(XRF)analysis.Further,ionic species and black carbon(BC)were quantified by ion chromatography and reflectance spectroscopy,respectively.Using the Positive Matrix Factorization(PMF)receptor model,the contributions of PM sources were quantified.The average concentration of PM₁₀ was 46.6±16.2μg/m³,with high concentrations of Cl and Ca.For PM_2.5,the average concentration was 12.0±3.2μg/m³,and the most abundant components were BC,S,and Cl.The receptor model identified five sources for PM₁₀ and PM_2.5.For both fractions,the contributions of marine sea spray,re-suspended soil,and vehicular traffic were observed.In addition,PM_2.5 included two mixed sources were found to be fuel oil combustion with fertilizer industry emissions,and secondary aerosol sources with building construction emissions.Further,PM₁₀ was found to also include building construction emissions with re-suspended soil,and metallurgical industry emissions.These obtained geochemical atmospheric results are important for the implementation of strategies for the continuous improvement of the air quality of the Caribbean region.     

TWO DIMENSIONAL NUMERICAL SIMULATION OF FLOW AND GEO-MORPHOLOGICAL PROCESSES NEAR HEADLANDS BY USING UNSTRUCTURED GRID

1 INTRODUCTION In recent years, due to the increase in population and industrial developments, mankind has faced manyproblems associated with rivers, coastal waters and reservoirs. Some of these problems are flood control,water supply, power generation, and irrigation. In addition, making new hydraulic structures changesnatural conditions. Prediction of these changes is necessary for designing such constructions. For solutionof these problems usually an assessment of flow pattern, sedim…     

An improved optimal elemental method for updating finite element models

The optimal matrix method and optimal elemental method used to update finite element models may not provide accurate results. This situation occurs when the test modal model is incomplete, as is often the case in practice. An improved optimal elemental method is presented that defines a new objective function, and as a byproduct, circumvents the need for mass normalized modal shapes, which are also not readily available in practice. To solve the group of nonlinear equations created by the improved optimal method, the Lagrange multiplier method and Matlab function fmincon are employed. To deal with actual complex structures, the float-encoding genetic algorithm (FGA) is introduced to enhance the capability of the improved method. Two examples, a 7degree of freedom (DOF) mass-spring system and a 53-DOF planar frame, respectively, are updated using the improved method.The example results demonstrate the advantages of the improved method over existing optimal methods, and show that the genetic algorithm is an effective way to update the models used for actual complex structures.