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61.
Fidencio Alejandro Nava Pichardo Claudia Beatriz Quinteros Cartaya Ewa Glowacka José Duglas Frez Cárdenas 《Pure and Applied Geophysics》2014,171(7):1355-1366
We present a new method to identify semi-periodic sequences in the occurrence times of large earthquakes, which allows for the presence of multiple semi-periodic sequences and/or events not belonging to any identifiable sequence in the time series. The method, based on the analytic Fourier transform, yields estimates of the departure from periodicity of an observed sequence, and of the probability that the sequence is not due to chance. These estimates are used to make and to evaluate forecasts of future events belonging to each sequence. Numerous tests with synthetic catalogs show that the method is surprisingly capable of correctly identifying sequences, unidentifiable by eye, in complicated time series. Correct identification of a given sequence depends on the number of events it contains, on the sequence’s departure from periodicity, and, in some cases, on the choice of starting and ending times of the analyzed time window; as well as on the total number of events in the time series. Some particular data combinations may result in spectra where significant periods are obscured by large amplitudes artifacts of the transform, but artifacts can be usually recognized because they lack harmonics; thus, in most of these cases, true semi-periodic sequences may not be identified, but no false identifications will be made. A first example of an application of the method to real seismicity data is the analysis of the Parkfield event series. The analysis correctly aftcasts the September 2004 earthquake. Further applications to real data from Japan and Venezuela are shown in a companion paper. 相似文献
62.
Armelle Charrié-Duhaut Jacques Connan Mike Darnell Jorge Spangenberg Ewa Szymczyk Adry Bissada Pierre Albrecht 《Organic Geochemistry》2009,40(5):647-665
The wreck U Pezzo, excavated within the Saint Florent Gulf in northern Corsica was identified as the pink, Saint Etienne, a merchant ship which sank on January 31, 1769. In order to determine the composition of organic materials used to coat the hull or to waterproof different parts of the pink, a study of several samples, using molecular biomarker and carbon isotopic analysis, was initiated. The results revealed that the remarkable yellow coat, covering the outside planks of the ship’s bottom under the water line, is composed of sulfur, tallow (of ox and not of cetacean origin) and black pitch which corresponds to a mixture called “couroi” or “stuff”. Onboard ropes had been submitted to a tarring treatment with pitch. Hairs mixed with pitch were identified in samples collected between the two layers of the hull or under the sheathing planking. The study also provides a key model for weathering of pitch, as different degrees of degradation were found between the surface and the heart of several samples. Accordingly, molecular parameters for alteration were proposed. Furthermore novel mixed esters between terpenic and diterpenic alcohols and the free major fatty acids (C14:0, C16:0, C18:0) were detected in the yellow coat. 相似文献
63.
Zdzisław M. Migaszewski Agnieszka Gałuszka Stanisław Hałas Józef Dąbek Sabina Dołęgowska Irena Budzyk Ewa Starnawska Artur Michalik 《Environmental Geology》2009,57(1):29-40
In 2005 and 2006, hydrogeochemical study was carried out in the bipartite Wiśniówka Mała pit lake of the Holy Cross Mountains
(south-central Poland). This is the largest acidic water body in Poland. This report presents the element concentrations in
the water and sediment, stable sulfur and oxygen isotope ratios in the soluble sulfates, and stable oxygen isotope ratio in
the water. The scope of the investigation also encompassed mineralogical examinations (scanning electron microscope, X-ray
diffraction) of the sediment. The results of this study show that there is a spatial and temporal variability in concentrations
of most elements and sulfur isotope ratios in the examined pit lake. The water of the western pond displayed a lower pH with
a mean of 3.73 and higher conductivity (390 μS cm−1) as well as higher concentrations of sulfates (156 mg L−1) and most of the cations and anions. The concentrations of Fe2+ and Fe3+ averaged 0.8 and 0.4 mg·L−1. In contrast, the eastern pond water revealed a higher pH (mean of 4.36), lower conductivity (293 μS cm−1) and lower sulfate (90 mg L−1) and trace metal levels. Similar variations were recorded in the stable sulfur isotope ratios. The δ34SV-CDT(SO4
2−) values in the water of the western pit pond were in the range of −6.7 to −4.6‰ (mean of −5.6‰), whereas that in the eastern
pit pond ranged from −2.2 to −0.9‰ (−1.6‰). The alkalinity of the entire lake water was below 0.1 mg·L−1 CaCO3. No distinct difference in the δ18OV-SMOW(SO4
2−) was noted between the western and eastern pit ponds. Compared to the Purple Pond in the Sudetes (Poland) and similar sites
throughout the world, the examined pit lake is highlighted by distinctly low concentrations of sulfates, iron and other trace
metals. Based on this and other studies performed in the Holy Cross Mountains, a conclusion can be drawn that the SO4
2− in the Wiśniówka Mała pit lake water is a mixture of SO4
2− derived from the following sources: (1) pyrite oxidation (especially in the western pond water), (2) leaching of soluble
sulfates from soils and waste material, as well as (3) subordinate deposition of airborne sulfate precipitation. 相似文献
64.
Aleksandra Kiecak Grzegorz Malina Ewa Kret Tadeusz Szklarczyk 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2017,76(6):248
Selection of effective groundwater remediation scenarios is a complex issue that requires understanding of contaminants’ transport processes. The effectiveness of cleanup measures may be verified by fate and transport numerical modeling. The goal of this work was to present the usefulness of fate and transport modeling for planning, verification and fulfillment of effective groundwater remediation methods. Selection methodology was developed, which is based on results of numerical flow and transport modeling. A field site located in south-east Poland was selected as a case study, in which groundwater contamination of trichloroethene and tetrachloroethene was detected. The results indicated that “pump and treat” was the most effective among the studied remediation methods, followed by permeable reactive barrier and in situ chemical oxidation. Natural attenuation-based remediation was demonstrated to be the least suitable, as it requires the longest time to reach predefined remediation goals, principally due to low sorption capacity and unfavorable hydrogeochemical conditions for biodegradation. Fate and transport numerical modeling allowed simulating different remediation strategies, and thus the decision-making process was facilitated. 相似文献
65.
The combined effects of active tectonics and anthropogenic activities, primarily geothermal resources exploitation for electricity production in Cerro Prieto geothermal field, influence the ground surface deformation in Cerro Prieto basin, Baja California, Mexico. In this study, a large set of multi-sensor C-band SAR images have been employed to reconstruct the spatiotemporal evolution of aseismic ground surface deformation that has affected Cerro Prieto basin from 1993 to 2014. Conventional DInSAR together with the interferograms stacking procedure was applied. The results showed that the study area presented considerable surface deformation (mainly subsidence) during the entire time of the investigation. The main changes in rate and pattern of surface deformation have a good correlation in time and space with the changes in production in the Cerro Prieto geothermal field. Comparison of LOS displacement maps from different viewing geometries, and decomposition (where possible) of LOS displacement into vertical and horizontal (east–west) components, revealed considerable horizontal displacement which mostly reflects the ground movement at and beyond the margin of the subsidence basin toward the areas of highest subsidence rates. In addition, the validation of the DInSAR results by comparing them against measurements from leveling surveys was performed, confirming the high reliably of satellite interferometry for the ground surface deformation rate mapping in the study area. 相似文献
66.
Determination of volatile concentrations in fluorapatite of Martian shergottite NWA 2975 by combining synchrotron FTIR,Raman spectroscopy,EMPA, and TEM,and inferences on the volatile budget of the apatite host‐magma 下载免费PDF全文
Ewa Słaby Monika Koch‐Müller Hans‐Jürgen Förster Richard Wirth Dieter Rhede Anja Schreiber Ulrich Schade 《Meteoritics & planetary science》2016,51(2):390-406
We combined the focused ion beam sample preparation technique with polarized synchrotron‐based FTIR (Fourier transform infrared) spectroscopy, laser‐Raman spectroscopy, electron microprobe analysis (EMPA), and transmission electron microscope (TEM) analysis to identify and quantify structurally bound OH, F, Cl, and CO3 groups in fluorapatite from the Northwest Africa 2975 (NWA 2975) shergottite. In this study, the first FTIR spectra of the OH‐stretching region from a Martian apatite are presented that show characteristic OH‐bands of a F‐rich, hydroxyl‐bearing apatite. Depending on the method of apatite‐formula calculation and whether charge balance is assumed or not, the FTIR‐based quantification of the incorporated OH, expressed as wt% H2O, is in variably good agreement with the H2O concentration calculated from electron microprobe data. EMP analyses yielded between 0.35 and 0.54 wt% H2O, and IR data yielded an average H2O content of 0.31 ± 0.03 wt%, consistent with the lower range determined from EMP analyses. The TEM observations implied that the volatiles budget of fluorapatite is magmatic. The water content and the relative volatile ratios calculated for the NWA 2975 magma are similar to those established for other enriched or intermediate shergottites. It is difficult to define the source of enrichment: either Martian wet mantle or crustal assimilation. Comparing the environment of parental magma generation for NWA 2975 with the terrestrial mantle in terms of water content, it displays a composition intermediate between enriched and depleted MORB. 相似文献
67.
68.
Leszek Kolendowicz Ewa Bednorz Barbara Walna Iwona Kurzyca 《Journal of Atmospheric Chemistry》2011,68(2):89-105
Synoptic conditions of extreme rainwater pollution episodes, evidenced by maximum values of parameters measured in the protected
area of Wielkopolski National Park (western-central Poland), were analysed in this study. Precipitation samples were tested
for the following parameters: pH, electrical conductivity and the concentration of the following elements: F-, Cl-, NO2-, NO3-, PO43-, SO42- and Na+, NH4+, K+, Mg2+, Ca2+. It was assumed, that in winter, western advection of Atlantic air masses was the most frequent aerosol and pollution transport
scenario for the investigated area. In summer the most heavily pollution occur at the intensified meridional flow over the
central Europe, indicating advection of cooler air from northern Europe and the North Sea. In most of cases, the weather conditions
causing extreme concentration of examined pollutants, were determined by the movement of weather fronts over considerable
parts of Poland and by precipitation caused by those fronts. 相似文献
69.
Radosaw Wojtak Ewa L. okas Gary A. Mamon Stefan Gottlöber 《Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society》2009,399(2):812-821
We present a new method of constraining the mass and velocity anisotropy profiles of galaxy clusters from kinematic data. The method is based on a model of the phase-space density, which allows the anisotropy to vary with radius between two asymptotic values. The characteristic scale of transition between these asymptotes is fixed and tuned to a typical anisotropy profile resulting from cosmological simulations. The model is parametrized by two values of anisotropy, at the centre of the cluster and at infinity, and two parameters of the NFW density profile, the scale radius and the scale mass. In order to test the performance of the method in reconstructing the true cluster parameters, we analyse mock kinematic data for 20 relaxed galaxy clusters generated from a cosmological simulation of the standard Λ cold dark matter model. We use Bayesian methods of inference and the analysis is carried out following the Markov Chain Monte Carlo approach. The parameters of the mass profile are reproduced quite well, but we note that the mass is typically underestimated by 15 per cent, probably due to the presence of small velocity substructures. The constraints on the anisotropy profile for a single cluster are in general barely conclusive. Although the central asymptotic value is determined accurately, the outer one is subject to significant systematic errors caused by substructures at large clustercentric distance. The anisotropy profile is much better constrained if one performs joint analysis of at least a few clusters. In this case, it is possible to reproduce the radial variation of the anisotropy over two decades in radius inside the virial sphere. 相似文献
70.
Radosaw Wojtak Ewa L. okas Gary A. Mamon Stefan Gottlöber Anatoly Klypin Yehuda Hoffman 《Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society》2008,388(2):815-828
We study the distribution function (DF) of dark matter particles in haloes of mass range 1014 –1015 M⊙ . In the numerical part of this work we measure the DF for a sample of relaxed haloes formed in the simulation of a standard Λ cold dark matter (ΛCDM) model. The DF is expressed as a function of energy E and the absolute value of the angular momentum L , a form suitable for comparison with theoretical models. By proper scaling we obtain the results that do not depend on the virial mass of the haloes. We demonstrate that the DF can be separated into energy and angular momentum components and propose a phenomenological model of the DF in the form . This formulation involves three parameters describing the anisotropy profile in terms of its asymptotic values (β0 and β∞ ) and the scale of transition between them ( L 0 ). The energy part f E ( E ) is obtained via inversion of the integral for spatial density. We provide a straightforward numerical scheme for this procedure as well as a simple analytical approximation for a typical halo formed in the simulation. The DF model is extensively compared with the simulations: using the model parameters obtained from fitting the anisotropy profile, we recover the DF from the simulation as well as the profiles of the dispersion and kurtosis of radial and tangential velocities. Finally, we show that our DF model reproduces the power-law behaviour of phase-space density Q =ρ( r )/σ3 ( r ) . 相似文献