基于Google Earth的遥感影像数据资料归档系统

将Google Earth应用于遥感影像数据资料归档系统中,是一种新的遥感资料归档方法,能将归档的成果文件整合,克服了传统归档方式不能快速查看数据效果、位置、属性信息的缺点,很好地适应了信息化工作程序对图像数据库的快速响应的要求.ARCGIS补充了Google Earth薄弱的空间分析功能.系统再联合EXCLE表件,方...     

横-竖筋带布置对地基影响的试验研究

分别针对纯砂地基、水平加筋地基和新型三维立体加筋(简称横-竖加筋)地基进行了多组模型试验。主要研究了单层横-竖加筋深度和横-竖加筋层数对地基的影响,并通过与水平加筋地基的比较,结合横-竖地基砂土滑移面的形状,初步分析了横-竖加筋地基的加固机制。试验结果表明,同等试验条件下,横-竖筋的加筋效果较水平筋的好,对于单层横-竖加筋地基,加筋效果随加筋深度的增加而减弱,加筋深度超过一定范围后,加筋对地基受力性能的改善不明显。对于多层横-竖加筋地基,随加筋层数的增加,承载力增加,沉降减小。     

Gold partitioning in melt-vapor-brine systems

We used laser-ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry to measure the solubility of gold in synthetic sulfur-free vapor and brine fluid inclusions in a vapor + brine + haplogranite + magnetite + gold metal assemblage. Experiments were conducted at 800°C, oxygen fugacity buffered at Ni-NiO (NNO), and pressures ranging from 110 to 145 MPa. The wt% NaCl eq. of vapor increases from 2.3 to 19 and that of brine decreases from 57 to 35 with increasing pressure. The composition of the vapors and brines are dominated by NaCl + KCl + FeCl₂ + H₂O. Gold concentrations in vapor and brine decrease from 36 to 5 and 50 to 28 μg/g, respectively, and the calculated vapor:brine partition coefficients for gold decrease from 0.72 to 0.17 as pressure decreases from 145 to 110 MPa. These data are consistent with the thermodynamic boundary condition that the concentration of gold in the vapor and brine must approach a common value as the critical pressure is approached along the 800°C isotherm in the NaCl-KCl-FeCl₂-HCl-H₂O system.We use the equilibrium constant for gold dissolution as AuOH⁰, extrapolated from lower temperature and overlapping pressure range, to calculate expected concentrations of AuOH⁰ in our experimental vapors. These calculations suggest that a significant quantity of gold in our experimental vapors is present as a non-hydroxide species. Possible chloridogold(I) species are hypothesized based on the positively correlated gold and chloride concentrations in our experimental vapors. The absolute concentration of gold in our synthetic vapor, brine, and melt and calculated mass partition coefficients for gold between these physicochemically distinct magmatic phases suggests that gold solubility in aqueous fluids is a function of aqueous phase salinity, specifically total chloride concentration, at magmatic conditions. However, though we highlight here the effect of salinity, the combination of our data with data sets from lower temperatures evinces a significant decrease in gold solubility as temperature drops from 800°C to 600°C. This decrease in solubility has implications for gold deposition from ascending magmatic fluids.     

The 2011 submarine volcanic eruption in El Hierro (Canary Islands)

Forty years after the Teneguía Volcano (La Palma, 1971), a submarine eruption took place off the town of La Restinga, south of El Hierro, the smallest and youngest island of the Canarian Archipelago. Precursors allowed an early detection of the event and its approximate location, suggesting it was submarine. Uncertainties derived from insufficient scientific information available to the authorities during the eruption, leading to disproportionate civil protection measures, which had an impact on the island's economy—based primarily on tourism—while residents experienced extra fear and distress.     

内蒙古自治区土壤有机碳库储量及分布特征

根据内蒙古自治区土壤资料中共461个土壤剖面数据估算表层及全剖面的土壤有机碳密度(SOCD)和储量(SOCR),绘制其SOCD的空间分布图,并对其影响因素进行了探讨。结果表明:内蒙古地区的表层SOCD为0.63～15.93 kg.m-2,平均为3.68 kg.m-2;全剖面SOCD为0.22～68.77 kg.m-2,平均为10.35 kg.m-2,不同土壤类型之间有一定差异。内蒙古表层SOCR为4.10 Pg,而全剖面储量为10.79 Pg。土壤有机碳含量及分布受气候、土壤性质和人为活动的影响明显。最后,根据年均温与土壤有机碳密度的相关关系,估算得出当气温升高1℃,内蒙古地区土壤有机碳的释放量为0.91 Pg。     

Fe2O3/凹凸棒石Fenton催化剂的制备及性能表征

采用浸渍法制备了用于常温常压下催化Fenton法的负载型Fe2O3/凹凸棒石催化剂,并将其用于处理十二烷基苯磺酸钠废水.采用BET,SEM,FT-IR对其进行了表征,并考察了Fe2O3/凹凸棒石催化剂的催化活性和稳定性.对于初始浓度为40 mg/L的十二烷基苯磺酸钠模拟废水,当Fe2O3/凹凸棒石催化剂和H2O2氧化剂的投加量分别为20 g/L和0.392 mol/L时,pH为5时,反应温度为80℃时,处理1h时染料的十二烷基苯磺酸钠的去除率可达到99.99％.与传统Fenton试剂法相比,以Fe2O3/凹凸棒石为催化剂的Fenton法,具有pH范围广(2～10),降解程度高和催化剂易回收再用的优点.     

Fluid entrapment and reequilibration during subduction and exhumation: A case study from the high-grade Nestos shear zone, Central Rhodope, Greece

A fluid inclusion study on metamorphic minerals of successive growth stages was performed on highly deformed paragneisses from the Nestos Shear Zone at Xanthi (Central Rhodope), in which microdiamonds provide unequivocal evidence for ultrahigh-pressure (UHP) metamorphism. The correlation of fluid inclusion density isochores and fluid inclusion reequilibration textures with geothermobarometric data and the relative chronology of micro- and macro-scale deformation stages allow a better understanding of both the fluid and metamorphic evolution along the P–T–d path. Textural evidence for subduction towards the NE is recorded by the orientation of intragranular NE-oriented fluid inclusion planes and the presence of single, annular fluid inclusion decrepitation textures. These textures occur within quartz “foam” structures enclosed in an earlier generation of garnets with prolate geometries and rarely within recrystallized matrix quartz, and reequilibrated both in composition and density during later stages of exhumation. No fluid inclusions pertaining to the postulated ultrahigh-pressure stage for microdiamond-bearing garnet–kyanite–gneisses have yet been found. The prolate shape of garnets developed during the earliest stages of exhumation that is recorded structurally by (L  S) tectonites, which subsequently accommodated progressive ductile SW shearing and folding up to shallow crustal levels. The majority of matrix kyanite and a later generation of garnet were formed during SW-directed shear under plane-strain conditions. Fluid inclusions entrapped in quartz during this stage of deformation underwent density loss and transformed to almost pure CO₂ inclusions by preferential loss of H₂O. Those inclusions armoured within garnet retained their primary 3-phase H₂O–CO₂ compositions. Reequilibration of fluid inclusions in quartz aggregates is most likely the result of recrystallization along with stress-induced, preferential H₂O leakage along dislocations and planar lattice defects which results in the predominance of CO₂ inclusions with supercritical densities. Carbonic fluid inclusions from adjacent kyanite–corundum-bearing pegmatoids and, the presence of shear-plane-parallel fluid inclusion planes within late quartz boudin structures consisting of pure CO₂-fluid inclusions with negative crystal shapes, bear witness of the latest stage of deformation by NE-directed extensional shear.This study shows that the textures of early fluid inclusions that formed already during the prograde metamorphic path can be preserved and used to derive information about the kinematics of subduction that is difficult to obtain from other sources. The textures of early inclusions, together with later generations of unaltered primary and secondary inclusions in metamorphic index minerals that can be linked to specific deformation stages and even P–T conditions, are a welcome supplement for the reconstruction of a rather detailed P–T–d path.     

Wenchuan Earthquake： Way of thinking is changed

On 12 May, 2008, at 14：28：04 local time, an Ms 8.0 earthquake struck the Wenchuan County, Sichuan Province, in southwest China （Figure 1）. This quake left about 70,000 people dead, 18,000 missing and over 370,000 injured. In the 75 days after the main shock, 20,000 aftershocks were recorded, which included 241 with Ms≥4.0, 205 with 4.0≤M≤4.9, 30 with 5.0≤Ms≤5.9, and 6 with Ms≥6.0. The largest aftershock took place 13 days after the main shock, in Qingchuan County, 110 km northeast of the epicenter of the quake （Chen, 2008）. The losses from the quaketriggered geological disasters accounted for over a third of the total quake losses, which is extremely rare in the history of earthquake disasters. Secondary disasters, such as landslides, rockslides, landfalls, debris flows, etc., were widely distributed. Large numbers of buildings collapsed, including ones with steel reinforcing in the area of the epicenter. Infrastructure was badly damaged. In many areas, communications, and power and water supplies were cut off. The earthquake left over 35 large quake-dammed lakes, which threatened further disasters in the catchment areas.     

Role of bentonite colloids on europium and plutonium migration in a granite fracture

To establish when the presence of colloids can favour contaminant migration is a critical task for the performance assessment of a high level radioactive waste repository. In this study, the effects of the presence of bentonite colloids on the migration of highly sorbing elements, such as Eu and Pu, in a granite environment were investigated. Special efforts were made to quantify the filtration of bentonite colloids in this medium and to determine the experimental uncertainties that could bias the interpretation of the results.