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251.
Dr. Ernst Bolter 《Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology》1961,8(2):111-140
Zusammenfassung Es wurden die am Kontakt zum Nebengestein, in gangartigen Zersatzzonen und als Zersatzrinden an Basaltblöcken auftretenden Umwandlungserscheinungen von vier Olivin-Feldspat-Basalten optisch, röntgenographisch chemisch und differentialthermoanalytisch untersucht. Die Zersetzung der Minerale erfolgt in der Reihenfolge Olivin, Glas, An-reiche Plagioklase, Pyroxen, Abreiche Plagioklase, K-Analbite, Apatit, Biotit, Erz. Im Anfangsstadium der Zersetzung werden Mg- und Fe-reiche Montmorinminerale gebildet. Bei stärkerer Zersetzung entstehen Kaolin- und Mg- und Fe-reiche Montmorinminerale. Die Kaolinmineralbildung scheint dabei besonders begünstigt zu werden, wenn gute Möglichkeiten einer Wegfuhr von in Lösung gegangenen Elementen vorhanden sind. Außer den Tonmineralen wird noch Goethit neugebildet. Bei der Zersetzung der Pyroxene werden in diesen keine Mineralneubildungen, sondern nur Lösungserscheinungen beobachtet. Im Anfangsstadium der Zersetzung fällt besonders eine starke Oxydation von Fe++ zuF+++ und eine deutliche Abnahme des MgO-Wertes auf, während Calcium erst bei stärkerer Zersetzung wegtransportiert wird. Die Alkalien werden bei leichter Zersetzung relativ angereichert. Die stärkste relative Anreicherung wird beim Titan beobachtet. Auch der Al2O3-Wert steigt mit zunehmender Zersetzung. Die Änderungen des SiO2-Wertes sind im Vergleich zu den anderen Elementen gering. Die Zersetzung der untersuchten Basalte erfolgte wahrscheinlich durch mehr oder weniger saure Lösungen. Im Zusammenhang mit der Basaltzersetzung wurde ein Vorkommen von Chloropal untersucht. 相似文献
252.
清镇陨石(EH3)硫镁矿微量元素化学特征 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
本文应用电子探针和中子活化分析方法详细研究了清镇陨石(EH 3)中硫镁矿的化学组成和微量元素分布、硫镁矿携带了部分HREE、高度富集钪等难熔亲石元素,论证了该矿物的高温成因,REE丰度可能与陨硫钙石互补。该矿物含有钠-硒组分,可能是顽火辉石陨石独有的组分。铬归一化的钠-钴(原子比)相关关系具有CI一致的趋势,表明其母体来自太阳组成的气体星云。 相似文献
253.
Hillier Michael Wellmann Florian Brodaric Boyan de Kemp Eric Schetselaar Ernst 《Mathematical Geosciences》2021,53(8):1725-1749
Mathematical Geosciences - Three-dimensional structural geomodels are increasingly being used for a wide variety of scientific and societal purposes. Most advanced methods for generating these... 相似文献
254.
255.
256.
Tectonic model of Egypt based on magnetic analysis 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
The main target of this work was to study the dynamics of the Earth’s crust for Egypt based on the magnetic survey. High-resolution
land magnetic data were analyzed, combined with the results of GPS and seismic stress analyses.
The constructed tectonic map shows that the N35°-N45°W trend of the structure (related to the Red Sea and Gulf of Suez tectonics)
predominates along the Gulf of Suez, Red Sea, covering wide parts of the study area. The N45°-N65°E tectonic trend (related
to the Syrian Arc tectonics), prevailing in the northern part of Egypt, is of the second rank. The Aqaba (N15°-25°E) and E-W
trends prevail in the northern part and along the transition zone of stable/unstable shelves. The depth to the basement rocks
ranges from the surface along the Red Sea and southern parts of Egypt to more than 4 km below sea level at the northern part
of the study area. 相似文献
257.
Complex resistivity and radar investigation of building material: First results of field scale measurements 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Sabine Kruschwitz Ernst Niederleithinger Christiane Trela Jens Wöstmann 《Acta Geophysica》2010,58(1):96-113
Moisture ingress is one of major damaging factors for masonry buildings. As the complex resistivity (CR) is sensitive to textural
properties as well as to the pore fluid chemistry of wet porous media, its non-destructive application can provide helpful
information for conservators. In a comprehensive laboratory study it has been shown that CR might even be able to distinguish
between salt content and saturation degree in only one measurement. The combined use of electrical and electromagnetic measurement
techniques in two field-scale flooding experiments has shown some unexpected differences. Possible reasons are discussed and
it is shown that bringing together the information of both methods leads to a clearer picture. 相似文献
258.
259.
W. G. Ernst 《Island Arc》1999,8(2):125-153
The Dabie-Sulu belt of east-central China, the Kokchetav Complex of northern Kazakhstan, the Maksyutov Complex of the South Urals, the Dora Maira Massif of the Western Alps, and the Western Gneiss Region of southwestern Norway lie astride intracontinental suture zones. All represent collisional mountain belts. Adjoining Eurasian regions exhibit little or no evidence of a coeval calc-alkaline arc. Each metamorphic complex contains mineralogic and textural relics of the presence or former existence of coesite ± diamond. Other ultrahigh-P, moderate-T metamorphic phases, including K-rich clinopyroxene, Mg-rich garnet, ellenbergerite, lawsonite, Al-rutile, glaucophane, high-Si phengite, and associations such as coesite + dolomite, magnesite + diopside, and talc + kyanite, diopside, jadeite, or phengite also testify to pressures approaching or exceeding 2.8 GPa. Each of the five well-studied Eurasian ultrahigh-pressure complexes consists chiefly of old, cool continental crust. Deep-seated recrystallization took place during the Phanerozoic. Subduction zones constitute the only known plate-tectonic environment where such high-P, low-T conditions exist. A model involving underflow of a salient of continental crust imbedded in oceanic crust-capped lithosphere explains the ultrahigh- pressure metamorphism. Partly exhumed ultrahigh-pressure terranes consist of relatively thin sheets 7 ± 5 km thick. During early stages of plate descent, hydration of relatively anhydrous units occurs, and volatiles are expelled from hydrous rocks. If present, aqueous fluids markedly catalyze reactions. Experimental studies on MORB bulk compositions demonstrate that, for common subduction-zone P–T trajectories, amphibole (the major hydrous phase in metabasaltic rocks) dehydrates at less than ~ 2.0 GPa; accordingly, mafic blueschists and amphibolites expel H2O at great depth and, except for some coarse-grained, dry metagabbros, tend to recrystallize to eclogite. Serpentinized mantle beneath the oceanic crust devolatilizes at comparable pressures. In contrast, phengite and biotite remain stable to pressures exceeding 3.5 GPa in associated quartzofeldspathic rocks. So, under ultrahigh-pressure conditions, the micaceous lithologies that dominate the continental crust fail to evolve significant H2O, and may transform incompletely to eclogitic assemblages. Although hydrous rocks expel volatiles during compaction and shallow burial, very deep underflow of partly hydrated oceanic crust + mantle generates most of the volatile flux along and above a subduction zone prior to continental collision. As large masses of sialic crust enter the convergent plate junction, fluid evolution at deep levels severely diminishes, and both convergence and dehydration terminate. After cessation of ultrahigh-pressure recrystallization, tectonic slices of sialic massifs return to shallow depths along the subduction channel, propelled by buoyancy; collisional sheets that retain ultrahigh-pressure effects lose heat efficiently across both upper (extensional, normal fault) and lower (subduction, reverse fault) tectonic contacts. These sheets ascend to midcrustal levels rapidly at average exhumation rates of 2–12 mm/year. Surviving ultrahigh-pressure relics occur as micro-inclusions encased in dense, strong, impermeable, unreactive mineralogic hosts, and are shielded during return towards conditions characteristic of midcrustal levels. Rehydration attending decompression is incomplete; its limited extent reflects the coarse grain size and relative impermeability of the rocks undergoing retrogression, as well as declining temperature and lack of aqueous fluids. 相似文献
260.
Recent seismic field work has revealed high lower-crustal velocities under Ninetyeast Ridge, Indian Ocean, indicating the presence of crustal underplating ( Grevemeyer et al . 2000 ). We used results from Ocean Drilling Program (ODP) drill cores and cross-spectral analysis of gravity and bathymetric data to study the impact of the underplating body on the subsidence history and the mode of isostatic compensation along Ninetyeast Ridge. Compared with the adjacent Indian basin, the subsidence of Ninetyeast Ridge is profoundly anomalous. Within the first few millions of years after crustal emplacement the ridge subsided rapidly. Thereafter, however, subsidence slowed down significantly. The most reliable model of isostasy suggests loading of a thin elastic plate on and beneath the seafloor. Isostatic compensation of subsurface loading occurs at a depth of about 25 km, which is in reasonably good agreement with seismic constraints. Subsurface loading is inherently associated with buoyant forces acting on the lithosphere. The low subsidence may therefore be the superposition of cooling of the lithosphere and uplift due to buoyant material added at the base of the crust. A model including prolonged crustal growth in the form of subcrustal plutonism may account for all observations. 相似文献