Evolution of Çamlık fissure-ridge travertines in the Başkale basin (Van,Eastern Anatolia)

Fissure-ridge travertines (FRTs) are of great importance for the determination and comparison of tectonic deformation in a region. The coeval development of these travertines with active fault zones supplies significant information about regional dynamics in terms of deformation pattern and evolution. In this paper, the characteristics of FRTs of the Ba?kale basin (eastern Turkey) and responsible regional tectonism are discussed for the first time. The Ba?kale basin is located between the Ba?kale Fault Zone (BFZ) characterised by Çaml?k fault and I??kl?–Zirani? fault. It is located between dextral Yüksekova Fault Zone and southern end of dextral Guilato–Siahcheshmeh–Khoy Fault system (Iran). Various morphological features indicating recent activity are exposed along the BFZ, including offsetting rivers, fissure-ridge travertine and fault scarps. The Çaml?k fissure-ridge travertine composing of three different depositions is observed along the eastern edge of the BFZ with approximately parallel orientations. The Çaml?k fissure-ridge travertine has been formed and developed on fault zone related to strike-slip or oblique movements. We explain how kinematic changes of faults can influence the fissure-ridge development.     

用ISODATA方法对兰州——古浪地区潜在震源的识别

潜在震源区的判定是地震危险性分析工作的基础,潜在震源的准确性直接影响着地震危险性分析的结果的合理与否;本文采用多维实测数据类似性和差异性相对识别的ISODATA算法,对兰州——古浪地区的潜在震源进行了识别,给出了该地区的潜在震源区及其震级上限,为潜在震源区的综合判定提供了可靠的科学依据,使得潜在震源区的综合判定更为合理。     

城市供水管网震害概率预测

根据概率可靠性理论,计算了地震作用下地下直埋管道的各个震害等级的概率值。假定在一段管子中,其破坏为泊松公布,求得这段管道供水的可靠性,最后用并联和串联分析法,得出整个供水管网的供水可靠性。通过实际计算,结果较理想。     

宝鸡市斗鸡台滑坡区滑坡地震稳定性计算与分析

本文是在斗鸡台滑坡区区域自然条件和地质地貌环境的广泛调查、工程地质勘探和可靠土质岩性力学性能试验［１］的基础上，用简布方法和“二分法”搜索法对滑坡体的整体稳定性和局部稳定性进行了计算评价。     

Application of Chebyshev theorem to data preparation in landslide susceptibility mapping studies:an example from Yenice(Karabük,Turkey) region

Landslide database construction is one of the most crucial stages of the landslide susceptibility mapping studies. Although there are many techniques for preparing landslide database in the literature, representative data selection from huge data sets is a challenging, and, to some extent, a subjective task. Thus, in order to produce reliable landslide susceptibility maps, data-driven, objective and representative database construction is a very important stage for these maps. This study mainly focuses on a landslide database construction task. In this study, it was aimed at building a representative landslide database extraction approach by using Chebyshev theorem to evaluate landslide susceptibility in a landslide prone area in the Western Black Sea region of Turkey. The study area was divided into two different parts such as training (Basin 1) and testing areas (Basin 2). A total of nine parameters such as topographical elevation, slope, aspect, planar and profile curvatures, stream power index, distance to drainage, normalized difference vegetation index and topographical wetness index were used in the study. Next, frequency distributions of the considered parameters in both landslide and nonlandslide areas were extracted using different sampling strategies, and a total of nine different landslide databases were obtained. Of these, eight databases were gathered by the methodology proposed by this study based on different standard deviations and algebraic multiplication of raster parameter maps. To evaluate landslide susceptibility, Artificial Neural Network method was used in the study area considering the different landslide and nonlandslide data. Finally, to assess the performances of the so-produced landslide susceptibility maps based on nine data sets, Area Under Curve (AUC) approach was implemented both in Basin 1 and Basin 2. The best performances (the greatest AUC values) were gathered by the landslide susceptibility map produced by two standard deviation database extracted by the Chebyshev theorem, as 0.873 and 0.761, respectively. Results revealed that the methodology proposed by this study is a powerful and objective approach in landslide susceptibility mapping.     

青藏工程走廊多年冻土场地地震动加速度峰值特征研究

根据青藏工程走廊北麓河及楚玛尔河场地地震危险性分析结果,合成年超越概率为1.97%、1.00%、0.21%、0.10%、0.04%、0.02%的人造基岩地震波作为输入地震动,结合场地钻孔剖面及波速资料,和已有的冻土动力学研究成果,建立一维模型,通过等效线性化方法进行场地地震反应分析计算,研究了青藏工程走廊多年冻土场地地震动加速度峰值特征及影响因素.研究结果表明,北麓河场地与楚玛尔河场地的人造基岩地震波峰值及持时均存在显著差异,北麓河场地峰值大、持时短,以近震影响为主,楚玛尔河场地峰值小、持时长,以中远震影响为主;多年冻土区场地,夏季场地地震动加速度峰值显著大于冬季,活动层融化对场地地震动加速度峰值有明显的放大效应;冬季场地冻结后,场地地震动加速度峰值随冻土波速增大而减小,最大减小幅度为6.1%,随动剪切模量比减小、阻尼比增大而减小,最大减小幅度为8.9%.活动层的融化有利于放大场地地震动加速度峰值,重大冻土工程抗震设防应予以重视.     

Elasto‐plastic modelling of stress‐path‐dependent behaviour of interfaces

A single‐surface elasto‐plastic model developed by Desai and his coworkers is used to predict the behaviour of an interface between sand and a steel plate. The loading in the experiments and in their predictions followed various stress and displacement paths. The results of predictions of the two‐ and three‐dimensional behaviour of the interface under both constant normal stress and constant normal stiffness conditions are presented. The predictions are compared with their corresponding experimental results. The model parameters were determined on the basis of 2‐D conventional experiments under the condition of constant normal stress and they were used in the prediction of the interface behaviour in various stress paths. There is, in general, a good agreement between the predicted and experimental results. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

A statistical analysis of seismo-ionospheric TEC anomalies before 63 <Emphasis Type="Italic">M</Emphasis><Subscript>w</Subscript> ≥ 5.0 earthquakes in Turkey during 2003–2016

In this study, pre-seismic and post-seismic total electron content (TEC) anomalies of 63 M_w?≥?5.0 earthquakes in Turkey (36°–42°N, 26°–45°E) were statistically investigated. The largest earthquake that occurred in Turkey during 2003–2016 is the M_w 7.1 Van earthquake on October 23, 2011. The TEC data of epicenters is obtained from CODE-GIM using a simple 4-point bivariate interpolation. The anomalies of TEC variations were determined by using a quartile-based running median process. In order to validate GIM results, we used the GPS-TEC data of available four IGS stations within the size of the Van earthquake preparation area. The anomalies that are detected by GIM and GPS-TEC show a similar pattern. Accordingly, the results obtained with CODE-GIM are reliable. The statistical results show that there are not prominent earthquake precursors for M_w?≤?6.0 earthquakes in Turkey.     

Relative tectonic activity assessment of the Çameli Basin,Western Anatolia,using geomorphic indices

Western Anatolia is one of the world’s most seismically active regions. A nearly N–S-oriented extension caused the formation of E–W- and NE–SW-trending major grabens, creating the potential for earthquakes with magnitudes ≥ 5. The fault segments of the NE-trending Çameli Basin were evaluated using geomorphic indices, common tools for assessment of relative tectonic activity in such areas. Quantitative measurement of geomorphic indices including mountain-front sinuosity (Smf; 1.35–2.39), valley floor width-to-height ratios (Vf; 0.08?0.37), and hypsometric integral (HI; 0.31–1.05) suggest relatively higher tectonic activity along western and southern part of the basin. Hypsometric curves for all segments of the faults mostly exhibit concave or straight profiles, signifying existence of young mountain fronts in the Çameli Basin. These calculations indicate that the Çameli Basin is tectonically active and, southern/south-western areas of this depression have earthquake potential, consistent with epicentres of recent earthquakes, occurred along some fault segments. Possible reason of this activity seems to be related to the E–W-trending corridor lying between the Gulf of Gökova and south-eastern part of the Çameli Basin, represented by active normal faults. These findings should be valid beyond the Çameli Basin for similar situations along the Isparta Angle’s western margin.     

1995年永登5.8级地震灾害评估

１９９５年７月２２日甘肃永登发生５．８级地震,造成建筑物破坏和家庭财产损失及人员伤亡．震后我们立即组成了震害调查与评估小组奔赴灾区,按照《震害调查及地震损失评定工作指南》所规定的原则和方法,在充分了解灾区概况和自然环境、社会经济、产业支柱、人口及建筑物现状的基础上,分别对Ⅷ,Ⅶ,Ⅵ,Ⅴ度区建筑物破坏及家庭财产损失进行了抽样调查．根据地震损失评估软件ＥＤＥＰ－９３的要求建立了输入数据,分１５个评估项目对灾区的地震损失进行了合理和科学的评估．另外,还对灾区震害特征进行了分析,并对灾害分布特征进行了研究,最后给出了有关这次地震防震减灾的经验和教训．