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91.
Total mercury was estimated in liver, gonads and muscle of some of the marine fishes from the Indian Ocean. The highest mercury concentration was observed in the muscle of sharks while the total mercury concentration was practically non-detectable in the liver and gonads. The range of all the values was 0.09–0.21 ppm (wet weight basis) and is quite low to reflect any possible mercury contamination. 相似文献
92.
Gautam Sen 《Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology》1980,75(1):71-78
The Delakhari sill (maximum thickness cf. 200 m) is the most extensive Deccan Trap instrusion which occurs in central India, between longitutdes 78°3835 to 78°2240 and latitudes 22°26 and 22°2230. Based on petrographic examination, the sill is divided, from bottom to top, into (1) the Lower Chilled Zone (LCZ), up to 8 m thick, marked by abundant interstitial glass and an overall fine grain size, (2) the Olivine-Rich Zone (ORZ), 27 m thick, enriched in olivine (relative to the other zones in the sill), (3) the Central Zone (CZ), 70 m thick, marked by depletion in olivine and overall coarse grain size, (4) the Upper Zone (UZ), 55 m thick, marked by the presence of two chemically and morphologically distinct olivine types and abundant interstitial granophyre, and (5) the Upper Chilled Zone (UCZ), 10–25m thick, marked by abundant interstitial glass.Compositions of the pyroxenes and olivines show an overall increase in Fe/Mg with crystallization, but extensive interzonal and intrazonal variations and overlaps exist. Olivine ranges from Fa24 (ORZ) to Fa95 (UZ). In the UZ and inner UCZ, an equant (Fa44–50, called type-A olivine) and interstitial skeletal olivine (Fa70–95, called type-B olivine) occur together. Compositions of the Ca-rich and Ca-poor pyroxenes fall in the range Wo38En34Fs28 to Wo33En8Fs59 and Wo14En41Fs45 to Wo16En19Fs65, respectively. Overall, the two pyroxene trends converge with Fe-enrichment except for one anomalous sample from the UZ which contains a Ca-rich (Wo34En8Fs58) and a Ca-poor (Wo10En18Fs72) pyroxene well within the Forbidden Zone of Smith (1972).Compositions of coexisting oxide minerals indicate that the sill crystallized at oxygen fugacities from 10–10 atm (ORZ) to 10–13 (UZ). The magma prior to intrusion appears to have been derived from a more primitive melt from which a considerable amount of olivine and plagioclase have fractionated out. A model of open, interrupted fractional crystallization in the sill is proposed to explain the compositional variations exhibited by the major mineral phases.A previous study (Crookshank 1936) concluded that the sill is actually a multiple intrusion and has given rise to the lowermost (flow I) and the topmost (flow III) lava flows in the neighboring area around Tamia (78°4015, 22°2035). The olivines of flows I and III have compositions Fo87 and Fo88 respectively, and are much more Mg-rich than the maximum Mg-rich olivine (Fo76) of the Delakhari sill, refuting the possibility of the sill being the feeder of the lava flows I and III.Geosciences Department, University of Texas at Dallas Contribution No. 338 相似文献
93.
A procedure for the dynamic initialization of wind and temperature fields within the atmospheric boundary layer (ABL) is presented. The procedure uses transilient turbulence theory to assess the turbulent fluxes from observed wind and temperature data, which are used to estimate the eddy transfer coefficients, so enabling a local closure ABL model to be integrated forward in time to a new steady state. The method has been applied to initialize kytoon data taken at Kharagpur (22.3° N, 87.2° E) during the MONTBLEX field programme. Results of a case study for 17 June 1990 are discussed. 相似文献
94.
The computation of stresses within a finite element displacement method analysis of a shell of revolution is considered. The common procedure of applying the kinematic and constitutive laws to the displacement functions is examined and justified for models where the displacements are represented by high-order polynomial expansions. Also, two alternative computational formats within this technique are explored. The influence of the column-supported base condition on a hyperboloidal shell of revolution is studied with respect to the stresses calculated from a response spectrum analysis. These studies emphasize the importance of accurately modelling the base region of a column-supported shell such as a hyperbolic cooling tower. 相似文献
95.
96.
Garnetiferous basic granulites occur, as parts of hornblende-pyroxene- and pyroxene granulites, in a Precambrian terrain around Saltora. The chemistry of the garnetiferous basic granulites is broadly similar to that of the hornblende-pyroxene granulites, their immediate precursors, but in detail they have distinctly higher Fe/Mg ratios. The compositions of the major mafic silicates of the garnetiferous varieties do not reflect higher pressures of formation: the Jd/Ts ratios in calcic pyroxenes are similar to those from the non-garnetiferous varieties, and the pyrope contents of garnets are low. Exchange equilibrium in respect of major elements was established among the mafic silicates in spite of garnets being late overprints. The orthopyroxene — calcic pyroxene pairs from the garnetiferous granulites show lower values of K D(Mg-Fe) opx-cpx than those from the non-garnetiferous granulites, pointing to lower temperature of equilibration. The K D(Mg-Fe) opx-hbl K D(Mg-Fe) cpx-hbl relations show that the more magnesian triads equilibrated at lower temperatures; viewed against experimental data regarding the effect of Mg/Fe ratios on the appearance of garnets in basic rocks, formation of garnets by cooling is strongly indicated. Several intergrowth textures, especially garnet-ilmenite and garnet-quartz (±albite) symplectites, and modal relations argue in favour of composite reactions of the type hornblende+ quartz-→calcic pyroxene+garnet+albite+H2O, which couple hornblende breakdown reactions with orthopyroxene+anorthite→garnet reactions. The approximate range of pressure and temperature conditions, estimated from experimental data, are 6–8.5 kb and 750–830° C. Since garnets formed by cooling in iron-rich granulites, the garnetiferous granulites do not represent higher pressure subfacies of the granulite facies. 相似文献
97.
QIANGMing-rui LISent 《中国地理科学(英文版)》2004,14(2):117-121
Based on investigations of the Zhongwei Nanshan aeolian section situated in the southeastern margin of Tengger Dcsert, carbon-14 and TL (thermoluminescence) dating results and paleoclimatic proxies such as magnetic susceptibility and grain size, we inferred that the northwestern margin of East Asian monsoon region experienced abrupt climatic changes during the last deglaciation. Six oscillation events were identified: Oldest Dryas, Belling, Older Dryas, AllerФd, lntra-AllerФd Cold Period (1ACP) and Younger Dryas (YD). The summer monsoon was weaker during Oldest Dryas and Younger Dryas when the winter monsoon was stronger. However, during the B/A (BФlling/AllerФd) period, the summer monsoon strengthened, reflected by magnetic susceptibility, when the winter monsoon also became strong, which is different from the paleoclimatic pattern established in the East Asian monsoon region. Furthermore,the summer monsoon was nearly in phase with the climate changes inferred from the oxygen isotopic records of Greenland ice cores. It could be speculated that the variations of the sea ice cover in the high latitudes of the North Hemisphere affected the high pressure of Asian continent and the changes of the winter monsoon inland. On the other hand,the sea ice cover variations might have indirectly caused the occurrence of ENSO events that has tightly been related to the summer monsoon in northwest margin of East Asian monsoon region. 相似文献
98.
以填充单质硫颗粒(S0)的生物膜反应器作为研究对象,研究了水力停留时间(HRT)变化对硫自养还原高氯酸盐(ClO-4)和硝酸盐(NO-3)性能的影响。研究结果表明,在进水NO-3-N和ClO-4分别为20mg/L和100μg/L时,在HRT从16h逐渐缩短到0.5h过程中,NO-3-N去除率能在较短时间内达到99%以上。与硫自养还原NO-3-N相比,HRT的缩短导致ClO-4去除率趋于稳定所需时间增加,说明硫自养还原NO-3-N过程先于硫自养还原ClO-4的过程。在不同HRT下未发现中间产物ClO-3和ClO-2的积累,ClO-4摩尔数减少量与Cl-摩尔数增加量比约为1∶1,出水中SO2-4的实际产生量远大于理论产生量,出水pH值范围为6.8~7.1。通过PCR-DGGE图谱和测序结果分析可知,属于α-proteobacteria菌群在反应器中占优势地位,β-proteobacteria菌群次之。其中,具有NO-3和ClO-4还原能力的Denitromonas sp.和Azospirillumsp.存在于反应器的底部、中部和上部的生物膜,能还原ClO-4的Dechloromonas sp.MissR被发现存在于反应器中部和上部的生物膜。 相似文献
99.
We discuss the prospects of using the redshifted 21-cm emission from neutral hydrogen in the post-reionization epoch to study our Universe. The main aim of the article is to highlight the efforts of Indian scientists in this area with the SKA in mind. It turns out that the intensity mapping surveys from SKA can be instrumental in obtaining tighter constraints on the dark energy models. Cross-correlation of the HI intensity maps with the Ly α forest data can also be useful in measuring the BAO scale. 相似文献
100.
A multi-proxy reconstruction of spatial and temporal variations in Asian summer temperatures over the last millennium 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Feng?Shi Quansheng?GeEmail author Bao?Yang Jianping?Li Fengmei?Yang Fredrik?Charpentier?Ljungqvist Olga?Solomina Takeshi?Nakatsuka Ninglian?Wang Sen?Zhao Chenxi?Xu Keyan?Fang Masaki?Sano Guoqiang?Chu Zexin?Fan Narayan?P.?Gaire Muhammad?Usama?Zafar 《Climatic change》2015,131(4):663-676
To investigate climate variability in Asia during the last millennium, the spatial and temporal evolution of summer (June–July–August; JJA) temperature in eastern and south-central Asia is reconstructed using multi-proxy records and the regularized expectation maximization (RegEM) algorithm with truncated total least squares (TTLS), under a point-by-point regression (PPR) framework. The temperature index reconstructions show that the late 20th century was the warmest period in Asia over the past millennium. The temperature field reconstructions illustrate that temperatures in central, eastern, and southern China during the 11th and 13th centuries, and in western Asia during the 12th century, were significantly higher than those in other regions, and comparable to levels in the 20th century. Except for the most recent warming, all identified warm events showed distinct regional expressions and none were uniform over the entire reconstruction area. The main finding of the study is that spatial temperature patterns have, on centennial time-scales, varied greatly over the last millennium. Moreover, seven climate model simulations, from the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 (CMIP5), over the same region of Asia, are all consistent with the temperature index reconstruction at the 99 % confidence level. Only spatial temperature patterns extracted as the first empirical orthogonal function (EOF) from the GISS-E2-R and MPI-ESM-P model simulations are significant and consistent with the temperature field reconstruction over the past millennium in Asia at the 90 % confidence level. This indicates that both the reconstruction and the simulations depict the temporal climate variability well over the past millennium. However, the spatial simulation or reconstruction capability of climate variability over the past millennium could be still limited. For reconstruction, some grid points do not pass validation tests and reveal the need for more proxies with high temporal resolution, accurate dating, and sensitive temperature signals, especially in central Asia and before AD 1400. 相似文献