A New Oogenus of Dendroolithidae from the Late Cretaceous in the Quyuangang Area,Henan Province,China

正Objective The oofamily Dendroolithidae is elliptical or oblate eggs with loosely arranged dendritic eggshell units and large cavities between eggshell units (Zhang et al., 2018).Dendroolithidae is represented by two oogenera,Dendroolithus (Zhao Zikui and Li Zuocong, 1988), and Placoolithus (Zhao Hong and Zhao Zikui, 1998)according to the latest classification (Zhang et al., 2018).     

在某污染的工业废物填埋场环境水文 地质评价中的同位素水文学研究

本文论述了某污染的工业废物填埋场场址的地质、水文地质条件,应用水化学方法、环境同位素技术(地下水中氚及氢、氧稳定同位素)和同位素单孔示踪技术等同位素水文学领域中的新方法对区内地下水的活动条件以及填埋场场址区分布的第四系孔隙潜水和第三纪红层孔隙-裂隙水的成因进行了分析,测量并确定了填埋场下部地下水的流速及流向。研究结果表明场区地下水的运动与地表水无直接水力联系。污染的工业废物填埋后不会通过地下水的迁移造成对地表水的污染,进而证实填埋场的地质、水文地质条件对处置污染的工业废物是安全可靠的。     

基于PSO-PP的围岩稳定性评价

围岩的稳定性评价是一个复杂的不确定系统问题。结合投影寻踪方法、粒子群算法和逻辑斯谛曲线函数,建立了围岩稳定性评价的粒子群优化投影寻踪(projection pursuit based on particle swarm optimization,PSO-PP)模型。该模型一方面采用粒子群算法优化投影指标函数及逻辑斯谛曲线函数参数,确保了模型的准确性;另一方面利用逻辑斯谛曲线函数建立投影值与经验等级之间的非线性关系。模型的测试结果显示了良好的精度,实例分析结果与实际状态完全一致,表明该模型在围岩稳定性评价中的可行性和有效性。     

A numerical study on the role of atmospheric forcing on mixed layer depth variability in the Bay of Bengal using a regional ocean model

Ocean Dynamics - This study investigates the role of driving atmospheric forces [winds, net heat flux, and evaporation–precipitation (E–P)] and the possible mechanisms on the mixed...     

盆东伏旱气候的时空分布及其形成原因

利用盆东地区气象、水文及其它专业部门的共403个测站的雨量、气温等基本气象资料,分析了盆东气候区大春生长季节的基本气候特点及其形成原因.针对盆东多山的具体情况,分析中突出了山地立体气体特色,进一步查明了盆东农业气候资源,为因地制宜进行农业现代化建设,提供了气象科学数据.     

Simulation of the annual and diurnal cycles of rainfall over South Africa by a regional climate model

The capability of a current state-of-the-art regional climate model for simulating the diurnal and annual cycles of rainfall over a complex subtropical region is documented here. Hourly rainfall is simulated over Southern Africa for 1998–2006 by the non-hydrostatic model weather research and forecasting (WRF), and compared to a network of 103 stations covering South Africa. We used five simulations, four of which consist of different parameterizations for atmospheric convection at a 0.5 × 0.5° resolution, performed to test the physic-dependency of the results. The fifth experiment uses explicit convection over tropical South Africa at a 1/30° resolution. WRF simulates realistic mean rainfall fields, albeit wet biases over tropical Africa. The model mean biases are strongly modulated by the convective scheme used for the simulations. The annual cycle of rainfall is well simulated over South Africa, mostly influenced by tropical summer rainfall except in the Western Cape region experiencing winter rainfall. The diurnal cycle shows a timing bias, with atmospheric convection occurring too early in the afternoon, and causing too abundant rainfall. This result, particularly true in summer over the northeastern part of the country, is weakly physic-dependent. Cloud-resolving simulations do not clearly reduce the diurnal cycle biases. In the end, the rainfall overestimations appear to be mostly imputable to the afternoon hours of the austral summer rainy season, i.e., the periods during which convective activity is intense over the region.     

Spatiotemporal changes of normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) and response to climate extremes and ecological restoration in the Loess Plateau,China

Theoretical and Applied Climatology - Extreme drought, precipitation, and other extreme climatic events often have impacts on vegetation. Based on meteorological data from 52 stations in the Loess...     

Decadal changes in the relationship between the Indian and Australian summer monsoons

In this study, we investigate a long-term modulation in the relationship between Indian summer monsoon rainfall with the subsequent Australian summer monsoon rainfall. The two monsoon rainfall time series are significantly correlated at 0.3 at the 99 % confidence level. However, the relationship weakens during the 1932–1966 period, with the inter-monsoon correlation for the period falling below statistical significance. We find that this modulation is consistent with a breakdown of the typical El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) influence on sea surface temperature in the northern region of Australia, during this period. In addition, a change in the relative influences of ENSO and Indian Ocean Basin-wide Warming sea surface temperature anomalies on the Australian summer monsoon rainfall is also apparent across different time periods.     

CALMET的OpenMP并行化

基于处理器制造工艺的提升接近极限,传统的单纯靠提高主频来提升性能已不适合时代需求,促使处理器从单核向多核转化。经过近年发展,多核处理器在当前成为主流配置,而气象程序大部分还是串行的,极大地浪费了处理器的计算资源。MPI和OpenMP作为两种主要的并行环境,具有各自的优势。MPI适用于分布式内存计算机,但是需要对程序进行的修改较多,难度大。OpenMP使用共享内存方式,对程序修改较少。相对来说,OpenMP更适合于多核处理器的并行计算。通过对CALMET进行OpenMP并行化加快CALMET运行速度的尝试,介绍了对串行程序进行OpenMP并行化的一般方法。主要步骤包括：对串行程序进行性能分析,找出计算时间最长的程序段进行并行改写;对循环进行OpenMP并行化,修改中间变量为单个线程私有;编译运行并行程序,进行性能比较;比较并行与串行的运行输出结果是否一致。     

Variability of surface roughness and turbulence intensities at a coastal site in India

Surface-layer features with different prevailing wind directions for two distinct seasons (Southwest Monsoon and Northeast Monsoon) on the west coast of India are studied using data obtained from tower-based sensors at a site located about 500 m from the coast. Only daytime runs have been used for the present analysis. The surface boundary-layer fluxes have been estimated using the eddy correlation method. The surface roughnessz ₀ obtained using the stability-corrected wind profiles (Paulson, 1970) has been found to be low for the Southwest monsson season. For the other season,z ₀ is relatively high. The drag coefficientC _D varies with height in the NE monsoon season but not in the season with lowz ₀. This aspect is reflected in the wind profiles for the two seasons and is discussed in detail. The scaling behaviour of friction velocityu _* and the turbulence intensity of longitudinal, lateral and vertical winds _u, _v and _w, respectively) are further examined to study their dependence on fetch. Our study shows that for the non-dimensional case, _u/u_* and _v/u_* do not show any surface roughness dependence in either season. On the other hand, for _w/u_* for the season with lowz ₀, the values are seen to agree well with that of Panofskyet al. (1977) for homogeneous terrain whereas for the other season with highz ₀, the results seem to conform more to the values observed by Smedman and Högström (1983) for coastal terrain. The results are discussed in the light of observations by other investigators.