A Compilation of Silicon and Thirty One Trace Elements Measured in the Natural River Water Reference Material SLRS-4 (NRC-CNRC)

The natural river water certified reference material SLRS-4 (NRC-CNRC, National Research Council-Conseil National de Recherches Canada) has been routinely analysed for major and trace elements by six French laboratories. Most measurements were made using inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry. For silicon and thirty one trace elements (rare earth elements, Ag, B, Br, Cs, Ga, Ge, Li, P, Pd, Rb, Se, Th, Ti, Tl, W, Y and Zr), no certified values are assigned by NRC-CNRC. We propose some compilation values and related uncertainties according to the results obtained by the different laboratories.     

Teacher''s Aide Variogram Interpretation and Modeling

The variogram is a critical input to geostatistical studies: (1) it is a tool to investigate and quantify the spatial variability of the phenomenon under study, and (2) most geostatistical estimation or simulation algorithms require an analytical variogram model, which they will reproduce with statistical fluctuations. In the construction of numerical models, the variogram reflects some of our understanding of the geometry and continuity of the variable, and can have a very important impact on predictions from such numerical models. The principles of variogram modeling are developed and illustrated with a number of practical examples. A three-dimensional interpretation of the variogram is necessary to fully describe geologic continuity. Directional continuity must be described simultaneously to be consistent with principles of geological deposition and for a legitimate measure of spatial variability for geostatistical modeling algorithms. Interpretation principles are discussed in detail. Variograms are modeled with particular functions for reasons of mathematical consistency. Used correctly, such variogram models account for the experimental data, geological interpretation, and analogue information. The steps in this essential data integration exercise are described in detail through the introduction of a rigorous methodology.     

Tsunami runup on steep slopes: How good linear theory really is

This is a study of the application of linear theory for the estimation of the maximum runup height of long waves on plane beaches. The linear theory is reviewed and a method is presented for calculating the maximum runup. This method involves the calculation of the maximum value of an integral, now known as the runup integral. Laboratory and numerical results are presented to support this method. The implications of the theory are used to reevaluate many existing empirical runup correlations. It is shown that linear theory predicts the maximum runup satisfactorily. This study demonstrates that it is now possible to match complex offshore wave-evolution algorithms with linear theory runup solutions for the purpose of obtaining realistic tsunami inundation estimates.     

Summary of the mineral- and energy-resource endowment,BLM roswell resource area,east-central New Mexico

In this summary of two comprehensive resource reports produced by the U.S. Bureau of Mines and the U.S. Geological Survey for the U.S. Bureau of Land Management, we discuss the mineral- and energyresource endowment of the 14-millon-acre Roswell Resource Area, New Mexico, managed by the Bureau of Land Management. The Bureau and Survey reports result from separate studies that are compilations of published and unpublished data and integrate new findings on the geology, geochemistry, geophysics, mineral, industrial, and energy commodities, and resources for the seven-county area. The reports have been used by the Bureau of Land Management in preparation of the Roswell Resource Area Resource Management Plan, and will have future use in nationwide mineral- and energy-resource inventories and assessments, as reference and training documents, and as public-information tools.In the Roswell Resource Area, many metals, industrial mineral commodities, and energy resources are being, or have been, produced or prospected. These include metals and high-technology materials, such as copper, gold, silver, thorium, uranium and/or vanadium, rare-earth element minerals, iron, manganese, tungsten, lead, zinc, and molybdenum; industrial mineral resources, including barite, limestone/dolomite, caliche, clay, fluorspar, gypsum, scoria, aggregate, and sand and gravel; and fuels and associated resources, such as oil, gas, tar sand and heavy oil, coal, and gases associated with hydrocarbons. Other commodities that have yet to be identified in economic concentrations include potash, halite, polyhalite, anhydrite, sulfur, feldspar, building stone and decorative rock, brines, various gases associated with oil and gas exploration, and carbon dioxide.     

Excel modelling of hydrological systems

This short paper describes the use of Excel spreadsheet Solver facility for deriving estimates in a solute mixing model equation with more than one unknown.     

New alternatives for reference evapotranspiration estimation in West Africa using limited weather data and ancillary data supply strategies.

Accurate estimation of reference evapotranspiration (ET ₀ ) is essential for the computation of crop water requirements, irrigation scheduling, and water resources management. In this context, having a battery of alternative local calibrated ET ₀ estimation methods is of great interest for any irrigation advisory service. The development of irrigation advisory services will be a major breakthrough for West African agriculture. In the case of many West African countries, the high number of meteorological inputs required by the Penman-Monteith equation has been indicated as constraining. The present paper investigates for the first time in Ghana, the estimation ability of artificial intelligence-based models (Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) and Gene Expression Programing (GEPs)), and ancillary/external approaches for modeling reference evapotranspiration (ET ₀ ) using limited weather data. According to the results of this study, GEPs have emerged as a very interesting alternative for ET ₀ estimation at all the locations of Ghana which have been evaluated in this study under different scenarios of meteorological data availability. The adoption of ancillary/external approaches has been also successful, moreover in the southern locations. The interesting results obtained in this study using GEPs and some ancillary approaches could be a reference for future studies about ET ₀ estimation in West Africa.     

Geochemical Mineral Exploration: Should We Use Enrichment Factors or Log-Ratios?

According to previous studies, the use of enrichment factors in environmental studies is inconsistent with its original concept and that such indiscriminate use of enrichment factors should be stopped. In this contribution, it is shown through spatial correlation analysis that using enrichment factors is no better than using log-ratios of geochemical data for mapping of deposit-related anomalies.     

Natural Resources Research Publications on Geochemical Anomaly and Mineral Potential Mapping,and Introduction to the Special Issue of Papers in These Fields

In its 26 years of existence, the journal of Natural Resources Research (NRR) has published and continues to publish papers on geochemical anomaly and mineral potential mapping. This is consistent with its aims and scope to publish quantitative studies of natural (mainly but not limited to mineral) resources exploration, evaluation and exploitation, including environmental and risk-related aspects. Over the years, NRR has contributed significantly more to the publication of developments in mineral potential mapping and notably less to the publication of developments in geochemical anomaly mapping. In more detail, NRR has contributed significantly more to the publication of research on development of robust quantitative methods for analysis and synthesis of spatial evidence of mineral potential but notably less to the publication of research on development of geologically focused models of mineral potential. The editorship of NRR recognizes the latter as a challenge to promote further research on development of numerically robust as well as geologically focused mineral potential models, and this special issue is a major initiative in response to that challenge. The recent inclusion of Natural Resources Research for coverage by the Clarivate Analytics (formerly the Institute for Scientific Information) in the Science Citation Index Expanded? and Journal Citation Reports^® (JCR) Science Edition will help make Natural Resources Research meet that challenge.     

Induced seismicity due to hydraulic fracturing near Blackpool,UK: source modeling and event detection

Journal of Seismology - Monitoring small magnitude induced seismicity requires a dense network of seismic stations and high-quality recordings in order to precisely determine events’...     

Engineering-geological conditions of the formations in the Western Thessaly basin, Greece

An engineering-geological map of the Western Thessaly basin has been compiled, providing a valuable guide to both urban planning and industrial development of the wider area. This map contributes significantly to the optimization of land use and improved planning of technical work. Additionally, the engineering-geological conditions of the formations encountered in the Western Thessaly basin are examined. The formations are grouped into thirteen (13) engineering-geological entities, with regard to their geotechnical behaviour. This entire study was based on both in situ investigations and geotechnical information extracted from 1,039 boreholes. Furthermore, a landslide inventory map of the Western Thessaly basin has been compiled. In addition, the surface subsidence ruptures, due to ground-water overexploitation, have been examined in the eastern part of the study area.