湿碱消解-等离子体发射光谱法测定海洋沉积物中的生物硅

利用湿碱式化学提取技术和电感耦合等离子体发射光谱仪,优化样品碱式消解方法,确定仪器最佳工作条件,建立了测定海洋沉积物中不同含量级别生物硅的方法。结果表明,仪器检出限为0.724μmol/L,方法检出限为0.942μmol/L。用于测定硅酸盐-硅溶液成分分析国家一级标准物质(GBW08648和GBW 08649,标准值分别为50.0μmol/L和100.0μmol/L),测定值分别为(49.888±0.275)μmol/L、(99.578±0.651)μmol/L,相对标准偏差为0.443%、0.527%;对于不同生物硅含量级别海洋沉积物样品的平行、独立测量,其相对标准偏差8.9%。方法快速、简便、准确,可满足古海洋学不同时空尺度气候和环境分析的应用。     

Water Discharges Determined From Sediment Distributions: A Palaeohydrological Method

The article presents a simple sediment deposition model, based on current knowledge of the processes of transport and deposition of suspended material. It indicates possibilities of interpreting flow conditions from grain-size distributions at two localities, situated along the water flowline. The model reveals new information on ancient hydrological and sedimentological processes and events. Previously the model has been applied to forecast trap efficiency of reservoirs and predict reservoir sedimentation. In this study the model is used as a palaeohydrological method in studies of annual varves.
In varve geochronology a major attention has been paid to varve correlations and varve thickness variations, whereas other sedimentological data have been more or less disregarded. In this article new information on the spatial distribution of particle sizes demonstrate that further knowledge can be gained by careful studies of the patterns of grain-size distributions.
Annual variations in water discharges during late glacial time were studied in the Indalsälven and Dalälven valleys in Sweden. Water discharges during the deglaciation seem to have been of the same order of magnitude as in present-day rivers during normal years. During some years catastrophic events occurred, resulting in exceptional water discharges. The magnitudes of these discharges were estimated, and drainage directions were established. It appears from the studies that there are promising prospects of finding out both the magnitude and frequency of processes that until now have been described only in qualitative terms.     

新疆克孜尔水库F_2断层近期形变特征初探

通过对布设在克孜尔水库大坝及库区一等水准点及 GPS监测网多期观测结果的分析 ,对贯穿大坝的 F2 断层近期形变特征进行了初步研究。结果表明 :F2 断层的活动属于新构造继承性运动 ,其水平形变速率大于垂直形变速率 ,并与地震活动存在着一定相关性     

诱发地震与诱发性前兆

本文以１９６９年以来中国大陆９对ＭＳ≥５．９级地震为例，引出诱发性前兆的概念。诱发性前兆是指远区强震（Ａ）发生后３个月内产生于未来后续地震（Ｂ）附近（△≤２００ｋｍ）的，并与该地震有某种成因联系的继发性异常和新异常。诱发地震与诱发性前兆是反映强震间耦合作用的同因异象。１９８８年以来南北带强震组（１９８８年耿马、澜沧７．６级地震──１９９０年天祝、景泰６．２级地震）诱发地震和诱发性前兆显著，并呈连锁式分布，表明该地震组各强震之间具有较强的耦合作用。     

Beobachtungen zur mechanischen und zeitlichen Deutung kleintektonischer Trennflächen im Ruhrkarbon

Zusammenfassung Aus Anschliffbildern von Kohleproben und analogen Erscheinungsformen bei Gesteinsklüften wird zur Frage des mechanischen Charakters der bankrechten Schlechten Stellung genommen.Weiterhin werden verschiedene Entstehungsursachen bankschräger, streichender Trennflächen in Kohle und Nebengestein diskutiert und der Zeitpunkt ihres Aufreißens im Ablauf des Faltungsvorganges festgelegt.

---

Vertical jointing within the Carboniferous of the Subvariscean Foredeep are analyzed mechanically and, in relation to the general deformation of the belt.

---

Resumé D'après des sections polies d'échantillons de houille et des formes analogues dans les fissures de roches, les auteurs déterminent le caractère mécanique des cassures orthogonales.Ensuite ils discutend plusieurs causes de formation des plans de séparations obliques dans la houille et les roches encaissantes et fixent le moment de leur formation dans le cours du plissement.

---

. , .

     

1990年10月20日甘肃天祝─景泰6．2级地震前兆异常的综合研究

本文论述了１９９０年１０月２０日甘肃天祝─景泰６．２级地震前兆异常的时空分布特征，并用几种综合预报方法对该地震进行追溯性预报，获得了较为满意的结果。     

Late Jurassic/Early Cretaceous magnetic stratigraphy from the sümeg section,Hungary

The pelagic limestones exposed at Sümeg appear to represent continuous deposition from Kimmeridgian through Berriasian. Detrital magnetite and haematite pigment are the carriers of remanence in the red and non-red limestones in the lower part, while magnetite becomes predominant in the upper half of the section. Thermal demagnetization has succesfully removed overprint magnetizations, and a well-defined magnetic stratigraphy has been obtained. The Late Jurassic/Early Cretaceous mixed polarity interval is correlated with the sequence of geomagnetic reversals derived from oceanic magnetic anomalies.     

The prism method for terrain corrections using digital computers

Summary In the prism method of making terrain corrections, the topography is approximated by a model consisting of right rectangular prisms. The vertical component of the gravitational attraction of each prism is calculated and the sum of these components gives the terrain correction.The prism method as programmed has no computational limitations. It can be used on all sizes of computers; it can be applied to a large area with any fine grid interval; it can be processed in a single run and yet provides complete flexibility for both research and routine computations. This has been achieved by breaking up larger areas into regions which fit into the computer memory. The contributions of these regions are automatically summed up for each station. While processing each region, various controls may be used at each station to exclude the contribution of a distant part of the area, to use approximate expressions farther from the station, to print out details around the station. There is also provision to refine the model by using smaller prisms around each computation point. Thus full use of elevation control can be made to calculate the terrain correction, the accuracy of which depends only on the quality of the input data.The prism method has been used to calculate terrain corrections for 130 stations in the New Quebec crater area. For five of these stations terrain corrections were also calculated by usingHammer's template. The two independent sets of values differ by less than four per cent.