全文获取类型
收费全文 | 25880篇 |
免费 | 221篇 |
国内免费 | 943篇 |
专业分类
测绘学 | 1461篇 |
大气科学 | 2087篇 |
地球物理 | 4830篇 |
地质学 | 12073篇 |
海洋学 | 1118篇 |
天文学 | 1955篇 |
综合类 | 2168篇 |
自然地理 | 1352篇 |
出版年
2022年 | 23篇 |
2021年 | 22篇 |
2020年 | 27篇 |
2019年 | 24篇 |
2018年 | 4794篇 |
2017年 | 4068篇 |
2016年 | 2612篇 |
2015年 | 274篇 |
2014年 | 126篇 |
2013年 | 108篇 |
2012年 | 1028篇 |
2011年 | 2779篇 |
2010年 | 2074篇 |
2009年 | 2371篇 |
2008年 | 1947篇 |
2007年 | 2416篇 |
2006年 | 115篇 |
2005年 | 235篇 |
2004年 | 451篇 |
2003年 | 448篇 |
2002年 | 304篇 |
2001年 | 74篇 |
2000年 | 87篇 |
1999年 | 35篇 |
1998年 | 49篇 |
1997年 | 26篇 |
1996年 | 17篇 |
1995年 | 21篇 |
1994年 | 14篇 |
1993年 | 18篇 |
1992年 | 23篇 |
1991年 | 14篇 |
1990年 | 14篇 |
1989年 | 10篇 |
1987年 | 21篇 |
1986年 | 17篇 |
1985年 | 23篇 |
1984年 | 30篇 |
1983年 | 27篇 |
1982年 | 33篇 |
1981年 | 45篇 |
1980年 | 44篇 |
1979年 | 22篇 |
1978年 | 9篇 |
1977年 | 15篇 |
1976年 | 22篇 |
1975年 | 8篇 |
1974年 | 15篇 |
1973年 | 9篇 |
1971年 | 8篇 |
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
421.
Kalyan Chakrabarti N. R. R. Ecka B. Mishra P. V. Ramesh Babu P. S. Parihar 《Journal of the Geological Society of India》2011,77(5):443-449
Ground Radiometric survey of Paleoproterozoic pyritiferous quartz-pebble conglomerate (QPC) occurring to the north of Pallahara
area led to the discovery of a QPC type uranium mineralisation near Mankarhachua village. Significant radioactivity is recorded
in three sub-parallel uraniferous QPC horizons with metamorphosed pebbly to medium grained recrystallised massive sandstones.
Detrital grains of uranothorite, thorite, radioactive allanite, monazite, zircon, minute uraninite grains in carbonaceous
matter and thucolite contributes to the radioactive phases present in QPC matrix. Adsorbed U on limonite and goethite, secondary
uranyl minerals in matrix, along bedding planes and fractures are commonly observed. This discovery has opened up a new horizon
for future exploration for QPC type uranium mineralization in the area. The paper presents observations on geology, radioactivity,
petrological and geochemical nature of the uraniferous QPC horizons. 相似文献
422.
José M. García-Ruiz Yasmina Sanjuán Graciela Gil-Romera Penélope González-Sampériz Santiago Beguería José Arnáez Paz Coba-Pérez Amelia Gómez-Villar Javier Álvarez-Martínez Noemí Lana-Renault Estela Pérez-Cardiel Carlos López de Calle 《山地科学学报》2016,13(10):1760-1772
The conversion of subalpine forests into grasslands for pastoral use is a well-knownphenomenon, although for most mountain areas the timing of deforestation has not been determined. The presence of charcoal fragments in soil profiles affected by shallow landsliding enabled us to date the occurrence of fires and the periods of conversion ofsubalpine forest into grasslands in the Urbión Mountains, Iberian Range, Spain. We found that the treeline in the highest parts of the northwestern massifs of the Iberian Range(the Urbión, Demanda, Neila, and Cebollera massifs) is currently between 1500 and 1600 m a.s.l., probably because of pastoral use of the subalpine belt, whereas in the past it would have reached almost the highest divides(at approximately 2100–2200 m a.s.l.). The radiocarbon dates obtained indicate that the transformation of the subalpine belt occurred during the Late Neolithic, Chalcolithic, Bronze Age, Iron Age, and Middle Ages. Forest clearing was probably moderate during fires prior to the Middle Ages, as the small size of the sheep herds and the local character of the markets only required small clearings, and therefore more limited fires. Thus, it is likely that the forest recovered burnt areas in a few decades; this suggests the management of the forest and grasslands following a slash-andburn system. During the Middle and Modern Ages deforestation and grassland expansion affected most of the subalpine belt and coincided with the increasing prevalence of transhumance, as occurred in other mountains in the Iberian Peninsula(particularly the Pyrenees). Although the occurrence of shallow landslides following deforestation between the Neolithic and the Roman Period cannot be ruled out, the most extensive shallow landsliding processes would have occurred from the Middle Ages until recent times. 相似文献
423.
Organized bacterial assemblies in manganese nodules: evidence for a role of S-layers in metal deposition 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Xiaohong Wang Heinz C. Schröder Ute Schloßmacher Werner E. G. Müller 《Geo-Marine Letters》2009,29(2):85-91
Polymetallic/ferro-manganese nodules (Mn-nodules) reach sizes of up to 10 cm in diameter and are abundantly found on the seabed.
To date, the origin of Mn-nodules remains unclear, and both abiogenic and biogenic origins have been proposed. In search of
evidence for a contribution of microbial processes to the formation of Mn-nodules, we analyzed those spherical nodules which
contain a concentrically banded texture in their interior. The Mn-nodules were collected at a depth of 5,152 m from the Clarion-Clipperton
Zone. Our high-resolution scanning electron microscopy analyses reveal first published evidence that endolithic microorganisms
exist and are arranged in a highly organized manner on plane mineral surfaces within the nodules. These microorganisms are
adorned on their surfaces with S-layers, which are indicative for bacteria. Moreover, the data suggest that these S-layers
are the crystallization seeds for the mineralization process. We conclude that the mineral material of the Mn-nodule has a
biogenic origin, and hope that these data will contribute to the development of biotechnological approaches to concentrate
metals from seawater using bacteria in bioreactors. 相似文献
424.
Paul William Kojo Yankson Alex Barimah Owusu George Owusu John Boakye-Danquah Jacob Doku Tetteh 《Natural Hazards》2017,85(2):691-707
In this paper, the extent to which the potentially transit-dependent portion of the population is vulnerable to the effects of a hurricane is estimated. The vulnerability of an area is defined as a composite measure of the proportion of disadvantaged persons, distance to transit, and flooding potential of people within an area. Unlike past studies which have focused on the vulnerability of the population in relatively large geographic areas, this study estimates the vulnerability of the population in 30 m × 30 m areas as defined in the National Land Cover Database. Population estimates from the national census at block level are disaggregated to the 30 m × 30 m units using a modified dasymetric mapping method in ArcGIS. The modified mapping method assigns population to each small areal unit using weights estimated by regressing the area of each land use in a census block against the population in that block. The coefficients in the regression analysis are “weights” associating population with each land use, and are used to distribute the population in each census block to the small geographic units based on their land use. In a case study of New Orleans, the results show that some areas are not well served by the existing transit pickup locations, as evidenced by their high vulnerability scores. Reassignment of pickup point locations to cover higher vulnerability score areas was investigated using integer linear programming. The results show that the optimally located pickup points serve areas with a larger average vulnerability score than the current pickup points in the study area. The method appears to be helpful in identifying vulnerable areas that, subsequently, could receive improved hurricane evacuation service in the future. 相似文献
425.
The OGC standard for 3D city modeling is widely used in an increasing number of applications.It defines five consecutive Levels of Detail(LoD0 to LoD4 with increasing accuracy and structural complexity),in which LoD3 includes all exterior appearances and geometrical details and subsequently requires much storage space.A new LoD is introduced as shell model with the exterior shell of the LoD3 model and the opening objects like windows,doors as well as smaller faade objects are projected onto walls.In this paper,a user survey is presented.The results of this survey show that the shell model can give users almost the same visual impression as the LoD3 model.Furthermroe,algorithms are developed to extract the shell model from LoD3 model.Experiments show that this shell model can reduce up to 90% storage of the original LoD3 model.Therefore,on one hand it can be used as a substitute for a LoD3 model for the visualization on small displays.On the other hand,it can be treated as a sub-level of detail(SLoD3) in CityGML,since it retains almost the same amount of information but requires much less storage space. 相似文献
426.
Tao Zhen Shen ChengDe Gao QuanZhou Sun YanMin Yi WeiXi Li YingNian 《中国科学D辑(英文版)》2007,50(7):1103-1114
High-resolution sampling, measurements of organic carbon contents and 14C signatures of selected four soil profiles in the Haibei Station situated on the northeast Tibetan Plateau, and application
of 14C tracing technology were conducted in an attempt to investigate the turnover times of soil organic carbon and the soil-CO2 flux in the alpine meadow ecosystem. The results show that the organic carbon stored in the soils varies from 22.12×104 kg C hm−2 to 30.75×104 kg C hm−2 in the alpine meadow ecosystems, with an average of 26.86×104 kg C hm−2. Turnover times of organic carbon pools increase with depth from 45 a to 73 a in the surface soil horizon to hundreds of
years or millennia or even longer at the deep soil horizons in the alpine meadow ecosystems. The soil-CO2 flux ranges from 103.24 g C m−2 a−1 to 254.93 gC m−2 a−1, with an average of 191.23 g C m−2 a−1. The CO2 efflux produced from microbial decomposition of organic matter varies from 73.3 g C m−2 a−1 to 181 g C m−2 a−1. More than 30% of total soil organic carbon resides in the active carbon pool and 72.8%281.23% of total CO2 emitted from organic matter decomposition results from the topsoil horizon (from 0 cm to 10 cm) for the Kobresia meadow. Responding to global warming, the storage, volume of flow and fate of the soil organic carbon in the alpine meadow
ecosystem of the Tibetan Plateau will be changed, which needs further research.
Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 40231015, 40471120 and 40473002) and the Guangdong
Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 06300102) 相似文献
427.
Brightness temperature is a main index to reflect the energy of microwave radiation of an object. Using lunar brightness temperature data, physical properties of lunar regolith, such as thickness, heat flow and dielectric permittivity, could be interpreted. There are two methods to study brightness temperature distribution of the moon: the first is used to measure lunar brightness temperature by radio observation or spaceborne microwave radiometers, and the second is used to simulate calculation by the physical model. On the basis of the measurements of lunar brightness temperature in the history, this study analyzed the main physical model of lunar brightness temperature, also including its theory and influence factors. The authors concluded that surface and subsurface temperatures of the moon, dielectric properties and layered structure of lunar regolith were the main factors affecting the global brightness temperature of the moon. These factors should be quantified in detail in the future research. 相似文献
428.
429.
Mineralization of pegmatites in parts of the Oban Massif, Southeastern Nigeria: A preliminary analysis 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
The Oban Basement Massif of southeastern Nigeria is composed of metamorphosed rocks including phyllites, schists, gneisses and amphibolites cut by pegmatitic dykes of varying length and thickness, which intruded the metamorphic rocks. Preliminary geochemical study and analysis of these pegmatites from western Oban Massif at Uyanga, Akwa Ibami, Iwuru I, Iwuru Ⅱ and Igbofia showed that the pegmatites are highly albitized. This is incon-sistent with earlier postulations that the pegmatites in this part of Nige... 相似文献
430.
Zaragoza city is located in the central Ebro Basin, in the Iberian Peninsula. The fluvial terraces formed by the Ebro River
present a valuable resource of sand and gravel deposits. However, taking advantage of these available resources implies conflicts
with other land use interests like urban and industrial development as well as agricultural use, which has also traditionally
occupied the alluvial terraces. These deposits represent a substantial groundwater resource that should be preserved for future
generations. The development of spatial decision support systems (SDSS) has greatly assisted efforts for solving land-use
conflicts. These systems combine the benefits of geographic information systems (GIS) and decision support methodologies and
are therefore suitable to manage sustainable development of urban areas. In this contribution, an extraction suitability map
taking into consideration a variety of environmental criteria is created with the help of a SDSS. The method used is the analytical
hierarchy process which is integrated in ArcGIS. Areas most suitable to sand and gravel extraction are located in the high
terraces, and in those terraces covered by pediments where the thickness of resource is relatively high. These areas are far
from valuable natural areas, outside areas most vulnerable to groundwater contamination, and beneath soils with poor irrigation
characteristics. 相似文献