滇西昌宁-孟连带南段组沉积特征及成因分析

南段组是一套厚度巨大的砂岩与泥岩的互层沉积,沉积构造主要是块状层理、水平层理和少量的小型滑动变形构造、小型斜层理和粒序层理以及浪成波痕。砂岩粒度概率累积曲线显示牵引流与重力流的过渡特征,砂岩的C-M图显示重力流沉积特征。砂岩成分成熟度高(石英>90%),结构成熟度中等(杂质为0-16%),有时出现沉积石英岩。砂岩和泥岩的地球化学特征表明是被动大陆边缘背景下的沉积。在南段组中新发现的Chondrites sp.,Scalarituba sp.,Phanolites sp.3种遗迹化石和一些原地埋藏的浅海底栖双壳类化石等,则代表了一个深陆棚沉积环境。以上特征表明南段组是一套浪控三角洲前缘斜坡-深陆棚环境的近源片泛性(非扇模式)重力流和正常陆棚的复合沉积,并非深海复理石建造。     

西昆仑空巴克石英闪长岩类地球化学特征及构造环境分析

西昆仑空巴克石英闪长岩为原特提斯洋基本闭合,康西瓦韧性剪切带活动的产物。岩体属强过铝质、钙碱性系列偏碱性浅成相花岗岩类,大多属I型花岗岩,少数为S型花岗岩,构造环境为晚加里东期活动陆缘碰撞造山带环境。岩浆源为壳幔混源型。     

新疆西昆仑库科西鲁克多金属矿集区地质特征

在1:5万区域地质矿产调查中,发现西昆仑库科西鲁克一带有数个矿(床)点,涉及的矿种较多,有金、银、铜、铅锌、钼、钨和铁等.这些矿(床)点受区域性成矿断裂--库科西鲁克断裂的控制,分布在岩体边缘接触带的元古界-古生界变质岩中,分布区呈带状展布且较为集中,长约14 km,宽约6 km,包含2个矿床和6个矿点,构成了一个多金属矿集区,具有较好大中型多金属矿床的找矿前景.     

四川秀山震旦系高田组冰海沉积及其相模式

高田组是一套冰川海洋沉积.本文提出了“冰架-冰控三角洲”的概念及其亚相划分方案,并从九个方面与河控三角洲进行了对比,建立了冰海沉积模式.     

多孔介质中氢氧化铁表面膜分布与微生物运移

微生物在矿物表面上的吸附作用是影响微生物在含水层中运移最为重要的因素之一,而掌握了微生物在含水层中迁移规律对当地制订地下水的生物治理工程尤显必要。由于在多孔介质中矿物质存在化学不均一性,因此分几种情况评价氢氧化铁表面膜存在及分布对微生物运移规律的影响。     

珠江口盆地珠江组碳酸盐岩区域性出露事件和台地演化：原生和成岩地震相证

识别杂乱地震相相对称为成岩地震相是了解南海珠江口盆地中新统珠江组碳酸盐岩演化的关键。该盆地的地震资料显示,在碳酸盐岩层段中连续的杂乱地震相从简单的下凹型到高度不规则强振幅杂乱反射,成岩地震相具有一定的意义,因为它们反映了原始沉积面貌的杂化。杂乱地震相和其它特征诸如削蚀带,丘状碳酸岩盐岩层面等都证实珠江组碳酸盐岩具有喀斯特特征。     

Effects of land use on ground water quality in the Anoka Sand Plain Aquifer of Minnesota

We began a study, in 1996, to compare ground water quality under irrigated and nonirrigated agriculture, sewered and nonsewered residential developments, industrial, and nondeveloped land uses. Twenty-three monitoring wells were completed in the upper meter of an unconfined sand aquifer. Between 1997 and 2000, sampling occurred quarterly for major ions, trace inorganic chemicals, volatile organic compounds (VOCs), herbicides, and herbicide degradates. On single occasions, we collected samples for polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), perchlorate, and coliform bacteria. We observed significant differences in water chemistry beneath different land uses. Concentrations of several trace inorganic chemicals were greatest under sewered urban areas. VOC detection frequencies were 100% in commercial areas, 52% in sewered residential areas, and <10% for other land uses. Median nitrate concentrations were greatest under irrigated agriculture (15,350 microg/L) and nonsewered residential areas (6080 microg/L). Herbicides and degradates of acetanilide and triazine herbicides were detected in 86% of samples from irrigated agricultural areas, 68% of samples from nonirrigated areas, and <10% of samples from other land uses. Degradates accounted for 96% of the reported herbicide mass. We did not observe seasonal differences in water chemistry, but observed trends in water chemistry when land use changes occurred. Our results show land use is the dominant factor affecting shallow ground water quality. Trend monitoring programs should focus on areas where land use is changing, while resource managers and planners must consider potential impacts of land use changes on ground water quality.     

Time should be considered in developmental ecotoxicity test

Developmental toxicity tests are often used for the hazard assessment of chemicals and environmental media. One of the most widely used is the oyster embryo larval test (OEL), in which the development of oyster larvae is arrested at a single fixed time (e.g. 24 or 48 h) of toxic exposure, and the proportion of normal larvae measured. However, a major problem with this conventional approach is the lack of information on temporal trends in development. In this study, Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas embryos were exposed to nominal concentrations of copper (CuSO₄) of <0.001 (control), 0.60, 1.25, 2.5, 5.0, 10.0 and 20.0 μg l⁻¹ (at 20 °C, salinity 35‰ and pH 8.1). Three replicates from each group were arrested and examined every 8 h during 24–72 h of exposure, and the number of viable larvae developed to D-shape was determined. The results revealed that the number of viable D-shape larvae in the control increased rapidly and reached an optimum at 32 h, before declining gradually due to starvation. Analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) showed that larval developmental rates during 0–32 h were significantly inhibited by Cu at all concentrations. This paper demonstrates that arrest and measurement at different time periods are important and should be incorporated into the OEL test. This would maximise the sensitivity of the test in detecting developmental effects in spiked or environmental samples.