西昆仑北缘库斯拉甫一带中元古代岩浆活动及地质意义

西昆仑北缘库斯拉甫一带侵入前寒武纪结晶基底(Ch)的中元古代两期岩体,早期以喀特列克岩体为代表,年龄为1 567 Ma,晚期以阿孜巴勒迪尔岩体为代表,年龄为1 423 Ma。早期岩体(δoPt)具有贫硅、高钙、中碱和准铝质等特征; 岩性主要为钙碱性石英闪长岩,岩石稀土总量为168.4×10^-6～374.38×10^-6、轻重稀土比值为9.3～18.23,中等负铕异常(δEu=0.53～0.82)。晚期岩体(ηγPt)具有富硅、高碱、富钾、强过铝质和全铁含量高等特征; 岩性主要为碱性二长花岗岩,岩石具高的10⁴*Ga/Al比值(3.01～3.5),很高的REE含量(375.68×10^-6～1 075.46×10^-6),高LREE/HREE(7.07～16.87)和高(La_N/Yb_N)(8.32～25.2)及强烈负Eu异常(δEu=0.25～0.31)。通过对两期岩体(δoPt和ηγPt)同位素年龄、矿物学、岩石化学、微量元素及稀土元素等特征系统地研究,认为西昆仑北缘在中元古代发生两次明显的岩浆-构造事件,早期事件(δoPt的侵位)与兴地运动(Ⅰ幕)有关; 晚期事件(ηγPt的侵位)在时间及区域上与兴地运动(Ⅱ幕)比较吻合; 早期岩浆(δoPt)可能存在部分幔源物质的加入,显示Ⅰ型花岗岩的特征,可能属于造山期后花岗岩类; 晚期岩浆(ηγPt)可能经历过下地壳的部分熔融或较高程度的分异演化过程,属于A2型花岗岩的范畴。两期岩浆活动可能为古塔里木板块的固结-裂解提供了新的证据及裂解模式的补充。     

Spatial distribution of intertidal sandy beach polychaeta along an estuarine and morphodynamic gradient in an eutrophic tropical bay

The spatial distribution of polychaeta along pollution gradients often reflects different degrees of disturbance. In order to evaluate polychaeta fauna of an organically polluted tropical bay, 20 sandy beaches distributed in five areas were sampled. The relationship between community structure, slope, beach index, exposure, sediment and water quality parameters were analysed. Multivariate analysis of variance (PERMANOVA) showed differences among areas and beaches. Scolelepis chilensis dominated at mouth of bay beaches whereas Streblospio gynobranchiata and Capitella capitata complex, at inner beaches. Highest polychaete density was recorded at areas 3 and 5 with the dominance of Saccocirrus sp. and the organic indicator species C. capitata complex and Polydora sp. The most important factors obtained from canonical analysis were sorting, slope, mud and organic matter percentage. Marine biotic index (AMBI) showed that areas 3 and 5 were highly affected by anthropogenic factors, given that a poor polychaeta fauna, dominated by opportunistic species, were found. Polychaete assemblages were affected by eutrophication along an estuarine gradient as well as by morphodynamic condition of the beaches.     

基于WebGIS的农用地定级估价信息系统成果应用模块研究

在分析了现有农用地定级估价信息系统局限性的基础上,根据农用地定级估价成果潜在用户的需求,提出了基于W ebG IS扩充农用地定级估价信息系统成果应用功能的观点,并对系统的体系设计、应用功能模块的设计及其实现等关键步骤作了阐述。     

硅质岩研究中的若干问题

硅质岩中隐藏着十分丰富的古地理、古环境、古构造及古气候、物源及成岩成矿等信息，而且硅质岩抵抗后期改造的能力较强，各种成因信息被较好地保存下来，为解决硅质岩的成因及相关的地质问题提供了有利条件。由于硅质岩粒度细，结构致密，野外研究取证工作有很大难度，室内研究成为重要的方式和手段。但目前的研究中还未解决成因的特征指示元素的载体问题和成因属性，不加区分地使用全岩化学分析和微量元素分析结果进行成因判别，使其成因的多解性和人为性成为一个普遍问题。本文从硅质岩的建造、组构、古生物、阴极发光特征等方面讨论了可反映硅质岩成因的若干问题，所以也是今后进行硅质岩研究中应该注意和解决的问题。     

泥石流危险度评价中若干问题的探讨

通过对目前公认的泥石流危险度评价公式的分析,提出新的危险度评价因子泥石流损失和评价模式危险度(H)=规模(M)×频率(F)×损失(S),其中,到达受灾区的泥石流规模。     

国道219线桑桑-拉孜公路改建工程曲布桑大桥桥基砂土液化初步评价

曲布桑大桥工区位于青藏高原。该区地震活动频繁。桥下地基饱水的粉、细砂层较发育。文章根据《抗震设计规范》GB11-89的标准，通过标准贯入实验分析了曲布桑大桥在埋深15m内的地基具有发生砂土液化的可能性，并计算了液化指数，划分了液化等级。为防止砂土液化的发生，对桥下地基处理提出了建议。     

滇西耿马晚第三纪盆地沉积学及含油气性

本文在研究耿马晚第三系盆地的沉积特征及沉积相类型的基础上，建立沉积模式，分析沉积盆地特征和演化，并讨论了成油气地质条件。     

Metal speciation and toxicity of Tamar Estuary water to larvae of the Pacific oyster, Crassostrea gigas

As part of the PREDICT Tamar Workshop, the toxicity of estuarine waters in the Tamar Estuary (southwest England) was assessed by integration of metal speciation determination with bioassays. High temporal resolution metal speciation analysis was undertaken in situ by deployment of a Voltammetric In situ Profiling (VIP) system. The VIP detects Cd (cadmium), Pb (lead) and Cu (copper) species smaller than 4?nm in size and this fraction is termed 'dynamic' and considered biologically available. Cadmium was mainly present in the dynamic form and constituted between 56% and 100% of the total dissolved concentration, which was determined subsequently in the laboratory in filtered discrete samples. In contrast, the dynamic Pb and Cu fractions were less important, with a much larger proportion of these metals associated with organic ligands and/or colloids (45-90% Pb and 46-85% Cu), which probably reduced the toxicological impact of these elements in this system. Static toxicity tests, based on the response of Crassostrea gigas larva exposed to discrete water samples showed a high level of toxicity (up to 100% abnormal development) at two stations in the Tamar, particularly during periods of the tidal cycle when the influence of more pristine coastal water was at its lowest. Competitive ligand-exchange Cu titrations showed that natural organic ligands reduced the free cupric ion concentration to levels that were unlikely to have been the sole cause of the observed toxicity. Nonetheless, it is probable that the combined effect of the metals determined in this work contributed significantly to the bioassay response.     

The Lisse effect revisited

The Lisse effect is a rarely noted phenomenon occurring when infiltration caused by intense rain seals the surface soil layer to airflow, trapping air in the unsaturated zone. Compression of air by the advancing front results in a pressure increase that produces a water-level rise in an observation well screened below the water table that is several times as large as the distance penetrated by the wetting front. The effect is triggered by intense rains and results in a very rapid water-level rise, followed by a recession lasting a few days. The Lisse effect was first noted and explained by Thal Larsen in 1932 from water-level observations obtained in a shallow well in the village of Lisse, Holland. The original explanation does not account for the increased air pressure pushing up on the bottom of the wetting front. Analysis of the effect of this upward pressure indicates that a negative pressure head at the base of the wetting front, psi(f), analogous to that postulated by Green and Ampt (1911) to explain initially rapid infiltration rates into unsaturated soils, is involved in producing the Lisse effect. Analysis of recorded observations of the Lisse effect by Larsen and others indicates that the water-level rise, which typically ranges from 0.10 to 0.55 m, should be only slightly larger than psi(f) and that the depth of penetration of the wetting front is no more than several millimeters.