浅谈图书资料的分类建账

我馆在保留原图书总账的基础上 ,试着建立了“分类账”。所谓“分类账”,即是按照图书的科学分类(我馆是以《中图法》)建账。《中图法》规定图书分为2 2个大类 ,即用 2 2个账本。这样的图书分类账至少有以下几个方面的意义。一是可以做到“三个一致”即账本和图书架位一致 ;账本和图书检索目录一致 ;账本和计算机软件一致。二是图书的分类从未和经济金额挂钩 ,分类账解决了这个问题。以便在图书馆经费使用上 ,对各类图书资金分配做出合理安排。第三能较为方便地掌握分类图书的馆藏量 ,从账面上体现出图书的整个科学的系统性结构。第四为及时发现图书丢失、补缺及剔旧更新提供了方便。第五可以与原来的图书总账互相参照和检查。我们把原来的采编流水账称为图书总账 ,把新建的分类账叫做图书入库帐。两套账各有侧重。一套帐重在采编 ;另一套帐重在体现馆藏。在具体建账过程中 ,要注意与《中图法》的五个基本分类和 2 2个大类保持一致。当然还要结合具体馆藏情况决定。分类也要按《中图法》要求细分到三级类。要达到这一要求 ,在加二账本时必须把账本做成活页账。因为新购同一类目的图书时涉及的插入问题。这样我们把以前的死账本变成了活账本。避免了过去在账本上打勾...     

星系盘厚度效应的研究

在三维引力Poisson方程严格解基础上，探讨了有限厚星系盘基盘的动力学性质，并进一步讨论了盘的厚度效应对银河系所需晕质量的影响。研究了扰动盘的动力学性质，通过将扰动引力势Poisson方程的严格解与林家翘、徐遐生提出的自维持密度波理论相结合，建立了三维旋涡星系有限厚盘上密度波的色散关系。在此色散关系的基础上讨论了盘的局域稳定性，研究了旋涡星系旋臂的形态、三维盘状星系密度波的群速度。研究表明厚度是星系盘研究中不容忽略的重要参量。另外在有限厚盘星系密度波色散关系的基础上还探讨了一种确定星系厚度的新方法。     

新状态方程下中子星的性质

利用扩展的Skyrme作用可从Hartree-Fock多体理论中给出一种新的状态方程。本文在这个状态方程的基础上研究了静态中子星的性质。对于SKM和SG2这两个较好的Skyrme相互作用模型计算得到中子星的最大质量分别为Mmax=1.7M。，Max=1.67M。，此外，本文还研究了中子星的其它性质，如引力红移、惯量矩等，计算结果与观测以及Glitch模型符合。最后还发现在这种状态方程下，中子星冷却仅能通过冷却速度相对较慢的修正的Urca过程来实现。为便于比较，文中还计算了AV14＋TBF和Paris TBF这两种三体相互作用模型下的中子星的性质。     

Coastal seas as a context for science teaching: a lesson from Chesapeake Bay

Lessons that employ authentic environmental data can enhance the ability of students to understand fundamental science concepts. This differs from traditional "environmental education" in that school curricula need not set aside time for educators to teach only environmental topics. Rather, the "environment" is used to advance student learning in science and technology. The success of this approach depends on programs that encourage scientists to communicate more effectively with teachers at all education levels. The expanding diversity of research and monitoring activities on the world's marine waters constitutes an outstanding potential education resource. Many of these projects involve remote sensing with sophisticated instrumentation and employ Internet technology to compile measurements, interpret data using graphs and satellite imagery, and share the results among scientific colleagues and the general public alike. Unfortunately, these resources, which constitute a much shortened path between research findings and textbook presentation, are seldom interpreted for use by K-12 educators. We have developed an example that uses the Chesapeake Bay as a paradigm to demonstrate how such interpretation can assist educators in teaching important principles in physical oceanography and marine ecology. We present this example using PowerPoint to conduct a virtual tour of selected Internet sources. Our example begins with the conceptual "salt wedge" circulation model of Chesapeake Bay as a partially mixed estuary. Teachers have the opportunity to explore this model using salinity, temperature, and dissolved oxygen data taken from a research vessel platform during summer professional development programs. This source of authentic data, originally obtained by teachers themselves, clearly demonstrates the presence of a picnocline and deep-water anoxia. Our lesson plan proceeds to interpret these data using additional Internet-based resources at increasing scales of time and space. The "salt wedge," picnocline, and anoxia are examined using graphics derived from data taken by researchers using "ScanFish," a towed instrument that samples temperature, salinity, and dissolved oxygen at a resolution of only a few meters vertically and horizontally. The seasonal dynamics of these parameters at a given location are interpreted using biweekly monitoring data obtained as part of the state-federal Chesapeake Bay Program. The influence of annual variations in freshwater input is examined using stream flow data from US. Geological Survey gauging stations. Satellite remote sensing images from the TOPEX/Poseidon project are used to show how El Ni?o and La Ni?a events in the mid-Pacific affect the Chesapeake Bay system via rainfall on its watershed. Finally, the life cycle of the blue crab (Callinectes sapidus) is presented to show how an estuarine organism has adapted to this truly unique and dynamic coastal environment.     

Characterization and origin of dissolved organic carbon in Yegua ground water in Brazos County, Texas

Dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentrations in five shallow (< 20 m) and three deeper wells (27 to 30 m) in the Eocene Yegua Formation (Brazos County in east-central Texas) ranged from 92 to 500 microns. Characterization of high, intermediate, and low molecular weight DOC fractions (HMW > 3000 amu, IMW 1000 to 3000 amu, and LMW 500 to 1000 amu) and combined neutral sugar analyses provide information on organic matter sources in the Yegua aquifers. Combined neutral sugars ranged in concentration from 0.6 to 2.7 mumol/L and comprised 0.8% to 6.7% of DOC in ground water. Glucose was the most abundant neutral sugar, followed by xylose and galactose, arabinose, mannose, rhamnose, and fucose. These combined neutral sugars were more diagenetically altered in shallow, oxic ground water as indicated by high mole % fucose + rhamnose and low neutral sugar yield. The precursors for neutral sugars are most probably angiosperm leaves, which show a similar distribution pattern of neutral sugars. Ground water DOC was depleted in 13C relative to soil-zone organic matter (OM) (-16@1000 to -19@1000). The delta 13C values of bulk DOC and HMW DOC ranged from -24@1000 to -32@1000, whereas LMW and IMW DOC ranged from -32@1000 to -34@1000 and -16@1000 to -28@1000, respectively. This variability in delta 13C values is probably related to microbial processes and selective preservation of OM. Carbon isotope analyses in bulk and different molecular weight DOC fractions imply a predominantly C3 OM source and a low contribution of soil-zone OM to DOC.     

Degradates provide insight to spatial and temporal trends of herbicides in ground water

Since 1995, a network of municipal wells in Iowa, representing all major aquifer types (alluvial, bedrock/karst region, glacial drift, bedrock/nonkarst region), has been repeatedly sampled for a broad suite of herbicide compounds yielding one of the most comprehensive statewide databases of such compounds currently available in the United States. This dataset is ideal for documenting the insight that herbicide degradates provide to the spatial and temporal distribution of herbicides in ground water. During 2001, 86 municipal wells in Iowa were sampled and analyzed for 21 herbicide parent compounds and 24 herbicide degradates. The frequency of detection increased from 17% when only herbicide parent compounds were considered to 53% when both herbicide parents and degradates were considered. Thus, the transport of herbicide compounds to ground water is substantially underestimated when herbicide degradates are not considered. A significant difference in the results among the major aquifer types was apparent only when both herbicide parent compounds and their degradates were considered. In addition, including herbicide degradates greatly improved the statistical relation to the age of the water being sampled. When herbicide parent compounds are considered, only 40% of the wells lacking a herbicide detection could be explained by the age of the water predating herbicide use. However, when herbicide degradates were also considered, 80% of the ground water samples lacking a detection could be explained by the age of the water predating herbicide use. Finally, a temporal pattern in alachlor concentrations in ground water could only be identified when alachlor degradates were considered.     

Mercury levels in coral reefs along the Caribbean coast of Central America

Sediment and coral skeleton samples from 23 coral reefs along the Caribbean coast of Costa Rica and Panama (1497 km) were evaluated for total mercury (Hg). High levels of pollution were found in the entire region with averages of 18.9 and 71.3 ppb in coral skeletons and sediments respectively. Significantly higher contamination was found in Panamanian corals (21.4 ppb) while compared to Costa Rican reef sediments (85.9 ppb). Hg from several processes and non-point sources (e.g., erosion, runoff, flooding, mining, overuse of agrochemicals, industrial waste, ports, and refineries) may have affected the entire region. The widespread observed distribution suggests that Hg is being carried along long distances within the region due to its high concentrations found in “pristine” reefs. Forest burning and colonial mining residues may be considered as possible contamination factors.     

CLDAS温湿产品在贵州的适用性评估及订正

使用贵州自动观测站逐时资料对2019年中国气象局陆面数据同化系统（CLDAS）温度、相对湿度产品进行了检验评估及线性订正。结果表明,CLDAS温度同观测有较好的一致性,相对湿度产品系统性低于观测,使用本地资料订正CLDAS温湿产品提高了产品的可用性。全年CLDAS温度产品在贵州的平均误差为0.2985℃,均方根误差为1.5578℃,相关系数为0.9822。12.4%的站点温度年均方根误差超过了2℃。从00:00-23:00（北京时）温度平均误差先减小后增大,均方根误差在中午前后存在最大值。订正后,CLDAS温度产品平均误差绝对值、均方根误差缩小,相关系数增大,全年均方根误差减小至1.2369℃。订正格点产品时有效距离越小订正效果越好。全年CLDAS相对湿度产品在贵州的平均误差为-4.501%,均方根误差为9.021%,相关系数为0.863,夜间相关系数为0.711。相对湿度产品平均误差及相关系数在中午前后达到最大值,均方根误差则是在日夜交换之际存在最值。线性订正对相对湿度产品有明显的正效果。订正后全年相对湿度均方根误差减小了2.317%,夜间相关系数较订正前增加了0.104。夜间时刻相...