Weathering of an Arctic oil spill over 20 years: the BIOS experiment revisited. Baffin Island Oil Spill

A small experimental oil spill was conducted on the northern tip of Baffin Island Nunavut, Canada (72 degrees 31' N, 79 degrees 50' W) in August 1981, and the natural weathering of the oil has been followed by periodic visits. This paper reports on the chemical composition of oil collected in August 2001. The vast majority of the initial oil has gone, but small patches remain. Some samples remain essentially unaltered despite their 20 years of exposure to the elements, while others show that biodegradation and photooxidation can play important roles in removing the majority of the components of the oil. Using 17alpha(H)21beta(H)hopane as a conserved marker within the oil, we show that the most biodegraded sample has lost more than 87% of the hydrocarbons initially present, while another has lost a substantial proportion of its initial chrysene and alkylated congeners. Potential explanations for the different weathering patterns seen in samples collected from this small site are briefly discussed.     

河台金矿构造变形,热液围岩蚀变及元素迁移

河台金矿床的产状和形成在很大程度上受海西－印支期韧性剪切带和热液围岩蚀变作用的控制。热液蚀变作用在时空上与韧性剪切构造作用密切相伴随。微破裂－缝合特环是构造变形作用对热水溶液迁移的一种重要控制机制。以保守元素为基础所进行的质量平衡计划表明，热液蚀变作用导致了围岩质量的净增加，增加的平均质量系统是０９２：１。这种质量增加在放体中达到最大值。随着蚀变作用的加强，ＳｉＯ２、贵金属和大部分亲硫元素被热水溶     

Electrokinetic migration of permanganate through low-permeability media

This research was conducted to evaluate the combination of electromigration and potassium permanganate as a potential remediation method for low-permeability media (e.g., soil and sediment) contaminated with dissolved and sorbed organic contaminants. The experimental procedure was composed of two stages: determination of migration rates of permanganate through homogeneous cores and a primarily qualitative analysis of migration in more heterogeneous, two-dimensional scenarios. Results indicated that transport of permanganate through fine-grained porous media and clays can be undertaken using electromigration, and electromigration rates were found to be at least 400% faster than diffusion alone. In addition, the use of an applied electric field in a flushing scenario was shown to result in almost 100% sweep efficiency of a domain consisting of clay blocks interspersed in a glass bead medium. The results of the study show that there is potential for this method to be able to deliver permanganate and other potential remedial agents to treat contaminated zones within heterogeneous and low-permeability porous media through in situ chemical oxidation or other processes.     

国际矿物学协会新矿物及矿物命名委员会关于矿物命名的程序和原则（1997年）

1引言国际矿物学协会新矿物及矿物命名委员会(简称CNMMN)是由各有关国家矿物学团体指定的代表组成的,目的在于控制新矿物的引入和矿物命名的合理性,自1959年成立以来,其工作得到了国际矿物学界广泛的支持。CNMMN不希望将一套严格的规则强加于矿物学界,而是提供一套具有连续性的原则,以便于为新矿物的确认和矿物命名法的应用提供一个合理的、一致性的方法。现在所提出的原则可能会十分合理地应用于绝大多数情况,但是,总会不可避免地出现一些例外,如文中多次强调的,每项建议必须根据其具体情况进行判断。2新矿物2.1有关新矿物种…     

Characterization of organic matter in sediment cores of the Todos os Santos Bay, Bahia, Brazil, by elemental analysis and 13C NMR

The impact of human activity on the sediments of Todos os Santos Bay in Brazil was evaluated by elemental analysis and ¹³C Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (¹³C NMR). This article reports a study of six sediment cores collected at different depths and regions of Todos os Santos Bay. The elemental profiles of cores collected on the eastern side of Frades Island suggest an abrupt change in the sedimentation regime. Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA) analysis corroborates this result. The range of depths of the cores corresponds to about 50 years ago, coinciding with the implantation of major onshore industrial projects in the region. Principal Component Analysis of the ¹³C NMR spectra clearly differentiates sediment samples closer to the Subaé estuary, which have high contents of terrestrial organic matter, from those closer to a local oil refinery. The results presented in this article illustrate several important aspects of environmental impact of human activity on this bay.     

The development of the SCAT process for the assessment of oiled shorelines

The Shoreline Cleanup Assessment Team (SCAT) process is a tool to assess oiled shorelines and is now an integral component of spill response operations. The key element of a SCAT survey is a systematic documentation using standard terms and definitions of the shoreline in the areas affected by an oil spill. SCAT programs were initially established to provide objective and accurate shoreline oiling information directly to cleanup operations. The role of the SCAT program has since expanded and the information generated by the field teams is used now by planners and decision-makers and to develop shoreline treatment recommendations, to select appropriate treatment techniques, and to establish the level or degree of treatment that is appropriate. This latter point is an integral part of establishing shoreline treatment criteria or standards and treatment end points.     

Historical seismicity of South China from European sources：example of the Hong Kong Newspaper Press

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Tricarbon monoxide in TMC-1

We report the measurement of three new lines of C3O in TMC-1. The observed peak antenna temperatures, appropriately corrected for atmospheric and telescope losses, are found to be consistent with a large velocity gradient radiative transfer model whose parameters span the range of standard values for this cloud. The derived fractional abundance for C3O is 1.4 x 10(-10), comparable with the results predicted from a model calculation based on a gas-phase ion-molecule reaction scheme. The results of negative searches for C3O in six other sources are not inconsistent with expected conditions in these clouds.     

矿物的定义

DivisionofExplorotionandMining，CSIRO，WembleyWA6014，Australia）引言为响应矿物学界提出和要求颁布的、与当代技术发展相适应的矿物新定义的建议，国际矿物学协会（IMA）新矿物及矿物命名委员会（CNMMN）将在本文中提出具体化的矿物定义。本文是CNMMN内部经过数年时间对矿物的定义这一话题热烈讨论的最终产物，也代表CNMMN全体成员在矿物的定义这一问题上的总体共识。虽然这一定义的主要目的是为CNMMN的工作提供一些内部的准则，但当矿物学家和其他地球科学家需要决定某一特殊物质是否归类为矿物时，也希望该定义能被他…