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861.
We investigate the characteristics of magneto-acoustic surface waves propagating at a single density interface, in the presence of an inclined magnetic field. For linear wave propagation, the dispersion relation is obtained and analytical solutions are derived for small inclination angle. The inclination of the field renders the frequency of the waves complex, where the imaginary part describes wave attenuation, due to lateral energy leakage. 相似文献
862.
J. A. Yates E. M. L. Humphreys A. M. S. Richards 《Astrophysics and Space Science》1997,251(1-2):285-288
The combination of a time-dependent spherically symmetric hydrodynamic model of stellar atmosphere pulsation and a radiation
transport code, which incorporates maser saturation theory, enabled us to synthesise maps and spectra of H2O maser emission from the circumstellar envelopes of long period variable stars.
The synthetic maps and spectra compare favourably with observed 22, 321 and 325 GHz H2O maser emission. As is observed in H2O maser regions the peak emission occurs between 3–8 stellar radii from the star. The calculated H2O maser regions are in conditions of nH2 = 106 − 108 cm−3, assuming a fractional abundance of 10−4; kinetic temperatures of 550–3000 K; dust ensemble temperatures of 500–1200 K and an accelerating velocity field. The IR
radiation field is explicitly included in the radiation transport model, incorporating the latest absorption efficiency data
for silicates from Draine. We reproduce the features seen in high angular resolution MERLIN spectral line datacubes. This
shows that a mass outflow model which extends the photosphere using pulsations and incorporates radiation pressure on silicate
based dust particles can produce the observed data on small (10-mas) angular scales.
This revised version was published online in September 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
863.
Luman E. Wilcox 《Journal of Geodesy》1963,37(2):127-138
The projective methods of Helmert and Pizzetti enable the measured elements of a geodetic network to be reduced rigorously
to the surface of a reference ellipsoid. However, in most existing triangulation networks, the routine development method
has been used for this purpose.
Some of the differences between the development and projective methods are investigated by interpreting the results of two
numerical examples. It is concluded that use of the development method may cause appreciable discrepancies to occur within
geodetic networks, depending primarily upon the extent of the networks, the orientation of the ellipsoid used, and the magnitude
of the geoid undulations.
Geophysical Studies Section Aeronautical Chart and Information Center 相似文献
864.
865.
Georges Ona-Nguema Guillaume Morin Yuheng Wang Farid Juillot Giuliana Aquilanti Christian Ruby François Guyot Gordon E. Brown Jr. 《Geochimica et cosmochimica acta》2009,73(5):1359-1446
X-ray Absorption Fine Structure (XAFS) spectroscopy was used in combination with high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS), X-ray energy dispersive spectroscopy (XEDS), X-ray powder diffraction, and Mössbauer spectroscopy to obtain detailed information on arsenic and iron speciation in the products of anaerobic reduction of pure and As(V)- or As(III)-adsorbed lepidocrocite (γ-FeOOH) by Shewanella putrefaciens ATCC 12099. We found that this strain of S. putrefaciens is capable of using Fe(III) in lepidocrocite and As(V) in solution or adsorbed on lepidocrocite surfaces as electron acceptors. Bioreduction of lepidocrocite in the absence of arsenic resulted in the formation of hydroxycarbonate green rust 1 [FeII4FeIII2(OH)12CO3: GR1(CO3)], which completely converted into ferrous-carbonate hydroxide (FeII2(OH)2CO3: FCH) over nine months. This study thus provides the first evidence of bacterial reduction of stoichiometric GR1(CO3) into FCH. Bioreduction of As(III)-adsorbed lepidocrocite also led to the formation of GR1(CO3) prior to formation of FCH, but the presence of As(III) slows down this transformation, leading to the co-occurrence of both phases after 22-month of aging. At the end of this experiment, As(III) was found to be adsorbed on the surfaces of GR1(CO3) and FCH. After five months, bioreduction of As(V)-bearing lepidocrocite led directly to the formation of FCH in association with nanometer-sized particles of a minor As-rich Fe(OH)2 phase, with no evidence for green rust formation. In this five-month experiment, As(V) was fully converted to As(III), which was dominantly sorbed at the surface of the Fe(OH)2 nanoparticles as oligomers binding to the edges of Fe(OH)6 octahedra at the edges of the octahedral layers of Fe(OH)2. These multinuclear As(III) surface complexes are characterized by As-As pairs at a distance of 3.32 ± 0.02 Å and by As-Fe pairs at a distance of 3.50 ± 0.02 Å and represent a new type of As(III) surface complex. Chemical analyses show that the majority of As(III) produced in the experiments with As present is associated with iron-bearing hydroxycarbonate or hydroxide solids, reinforcing the idea that, at least under some circumstances, bacterial reduction can promote As(III) sequestration instead of mobilizing it into solution. 相似文献
866.
Abstract The design and construction of a special-purpose laboratory catchment and rainfall simulator is described. The equipment consists of a soil catchment area that can be inclined at various angles. Additional instrumentation then measures the flow of water across the surface of, and through, the soil bed. Precipitation is provided by a unit that simulates rainfall at particular rates with uniform distribution. The equipment was used to examine infiltration, runoff and other hydrological properties of a number of soils under different rainfall intensities and with different catchment slopes. Correlations were obtained for these variables. 相似文献
867.
Influence of rainfall on the deformation and stability of a slope in overconsolidated clays: a case study 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
The behaviour of an instrumented unstable slope in a profile of weathered overconsolidated clay has been analysed. Available
field investigation data and laboratory tests were integrated in a coupled hydromechanical model of the slope. Particular
attention was given to the unsaturated soil conditions above the water table and to the influence of the rainfall record.
Recorded pore-water pressures helped to identify the hydrogeological conditions of the slope. The coupled model was used to
compute slope deformations and the variation of safety with time. Actual rainfall records were also integrated into the analysis.
Comparison of measurements and calculations illustrate the nature of the slope instability and the complex relationships between
mechanical and hydraulic factors.
Electronic Publication 相似文献
868.
D. Rouan N. Epchtein M. De Muizon F. Lacombe P. Puget D. Tiphene F. Boulanger X. Desert G. Guyot L. D'Hendecourt J -M. Lamarre A. Leger F. Pajot J -L. Puget E. Caux M. Giard G. Serra C. Cesarsky L. Vigroux A. Omont 《Astrophysics and Space Science》1994,217(1-2):41-44
Proposed to both the French and the European Space Agency as one possible small mission, SPICE is a project for a dedicated small satellite for a near-IR spectroscopic all-sky survey. The instrument would cover the spectral range 1.8 - 3.6µm, possibly extended to 1.8 - 7µm, at a resolution of 100, with pixels of 1 arc-min. The excellent sensitivity (0.02 MJy sr-1) results from: i) the quasi-zero level of background due to the efficient passive cooling of the whole experiment; ii) the use of large format arrays; iii) the non-stop observing mode (drift-scanning). The spectral domain, complementing the one of ISO, partially opaque from the ground, is specially rich in spectral features tracing stars and all components of the Interstellar Medium (molecular, atomic and ionized gas, dust). With a cooling below 80 K of the focal instrument, then it becomes possible to consider doubling the spectral domain and to cover the whole 1.8 - 7µm range. 相似文献
869.
A. Blanco A. Borghesi E. Epifani S. Fonti V. Orofino F. Strafella 《Astrophysics and Space Science》1998,262(1):107-113
The main constituents of the dust, produced around late-type carbon stars, are thought to be carbon and silicon carbide (SiC), although their exact nature is not yet well established. This subject has been addressed by several authors and good fits of a large number of IRAS sources (chosen among the carbon stars exhibiting the SiC feature at about 11.3 m) were obtained. In this work we use the same procedure on a limited number of objects, of the same type, taking into account the variability of such sources and the changes induced in their IR spectra. For this purpose, the chosen stars have been observed with a spectral resolution higher than that available for the IRAS data (/ 50), using the CGS3 instrument of the UKIRT telescope, both in the low ( / 160) and in the high ( / 500) resolution configuration. The results are discussed and some preliminary conclusions are drawn. 相似文献
870.
Neutron probe soil moisture measurements obtained biweekly during the growing season between 1982 and 1991 from multiple depths under grass-covered plots at 17 Illinois Climate Network sites are used to forecast crop yields. A Soil Moisture Index (SMIX) that combines the effect of intensity, duration, and timing of drought or excessively wet conditions was computed by integrating the quantity of available soil moisture throughout the rooting zone over the growing season. Relationships between the SMIX values and crop yields are evaluated at county, regional, and statewide scales. Coefficients of determination (r 2) for relationships between the SMIX values and maize, soybeans, and hay yields at the statewide level are 0.88, 0.74, and 0.81, respectively, when the period of integration is terminated at the end of the growing season. This new soil index can be employed to forecast yields as early as 12 weeks before harvest for the state of Illinois. However, predictions with RMSE ≤ 10% of the mean yield can be achieved only for SMIX integration periods ending 5, 9, and 6 weeks before harvest for maize, soybeans, and hay, respectively. Nomograms are presented for using the relationships between the SMIX values and crop yields to forecast Illinois's major crops well before harvest. 相似文献