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211.
Identification of the “source” and “sink” patterns influencing non-point source pollution in the Three Gorges Reservoir Area 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
Non-point source pollution is one of the primarily ecological issues affecting the Three Gorges Reservoir Area. In this paper, landscape resistance and motivation coefficient, which integrated various landscape elements, such as land use, soil, hydrology, topography, and vegetation, was established based on the effects of large-scale resistance and motivation on the formation of non-point source pollution. In addition, cost models of the landscape resistance and motivation coefficients were constructed based on the distances from the landscape units to the sub-basin outlets in order to identify the “source” and “sink” patterns affecting the formation of non-point source pollution. The results indicated that the changes in the landscape resistance and motivation coefficients of the 16 sub-basins exhibited inverse relationships to their spatial distributions. The landscape resistance and motivation cost curves were more volatile than the landscape resistance and motivation coefficient curves. The landscape resistance and motivation cost trends of the 16 sub-basins became increasingly apparent along the flow of the Yangtze River. The landscape resistance and motivation cost models proposed in this paper could be used to identify large-scale non-point source pollution “source” and “sink” patterns. Moreover, the proposed model could be used to describe the large-scale spatial characteristics of non-point source pollution formation based on “source” and “sink” landscape pattern indices, spatial localization, and landscape resistance and motivation coefficients. 相似文献
212.
Marina Hruška William Corea Donald Seeburger William Schweller William H. Crane 《Mathematical Geosciences》2009,41(6):703-716
We describe a wavelet-transform-based method for automated segmentation of resistivity image logs that takes into account
the apparent dip in the data and addresses the problem of discriminating lithofacies boundaries from noise and intrafacies
variations. Our method can be applied to borehole measurements in general, but might have an advantage when applied to resistivity
image logs as it addresses explicitly the large variability in facies segments recorded with a high-resolution multiple-sensor
tool. We have developed an algorithm based on this method that might outperform other existing segmentation methods in the
cases of low to moderate dip. We made a detailed comparison of the segmentation from our method with the one done by a geologist
to delineate different lithofacies blocks in a well drilled in a deepwater depositional environment. Our results show considerable
success rates in reproducing the geologically defined lithofacies boundaries, and the generality of our procedure suggests
it could also be applied to other depositional environments. 相似文献
213.
A synoptic climatology of warm season heavy rainfall is developed from patterns of 850 mb thermal advection over the Appalachian region. Heavy rain events are categorized according to the position and orientation of a warm air advection (WAA) ridge, a feature found in nearly two-thirds of the events. Numerous study events occur within the conditionally unstable region of the WAA ridge. In fact, numerous occurrences of heavy rainfall are tied to a superpositioning of a WAA and air mass instability ridge in the vicinity or upstream of the heavy rain area. 相似文献
214.
The geomorphological environment is one of the most fundamental variables af-fecting the development of human society.The mission of geomorphological environment research is to explore the most basic environment and features of our Earth’s surface mor-phology.The results can be applied to resource evaluation,environmental protection and reducing and preventing geological disasters.Thus,it can serve to help achieve sustainable development.This paper examines the Shenzhen east coastal zone as a case strongly in-fluenced by urban expansion.We use modern geomorphological theory and methods,along with GIS and RS techniques,to reveal key characteristics of the geomorphological environ-ment and landform classification.Furthermore,coastal ecosystem evaluation and regional resources sustainable utilization should be considered relative to the corresponding geo-morphological environment.Based on this study,we conclude that modern geomorphological theory and methods,supported by "3S" techniques including GIS,RS and GPS,can play an important role in resolving the environment,resources and population problems as well as sustainable development challenges facing humankind at present. 相似文献
215.
Xingping Wen Xiaofeng Yang Guangdao Hu 《Journal of the Indian Society of Remote Sensing》2011,39(2):193-201
Urban heat island (UHI) effect has a close relation to land covers type. This paper investigates the relationship between
land cover ratio and UHI in Guangzhou, south of China using remote sensing and automatic weather stations data. The temperature
data were obtained by Automatic weather stations (AWS) of Guangzhou in October, 2004, at the same time with the CBERS remote
sensing image acquired. Firstly, the hourly mean temperature was computed from hourly AWS data. Secondly, the CBERS remote
sensing image was classified using support vector machine (SVM) and land covers classification were output. Thirdly, the classification
result was overlapped with a round buffer with 1.5 KM radius centered on the AWS, and then the land cover ratio, Edge Density
(ED) and Mean Fractal Dimension (MFRACT) of buffers were computed out. Finally, the correlation coefficient between hourly
mean temperature and land cover ratio, ED and MFRACT was calculated. It concluded that UHI intensity was heavier during nighttime
than daytime. Stations with higher vegetation ratio and higher ED had lower heat island effect. On the contrary, stations
with higher impervious ratio and lower ED had more serious heat island effect. The positive–negative of correlation coefficient
between hourly mean temperature and vegetation ratio during 11:00–17:00 h (local time) was opposite to that during other time.
ED was negatively correlated with hourly mean temperature except during 11:00–17:00 h. On the contrary, MFRACT was positively
correlated with hourly mean temperature. It implied that fragmentations of patches were favorable to UHI alleviation, and
complexities of patch were unfavorable factors. 相似文献
216.
Temporal and spatial dynamical simulation of groundwater characteristics in Minqin Oasis 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
XIAO DuNing LI XiaoYu ? SONG DongMei & YANG GuoJing Cold Arid Regions Environmental Engineering Research Institute Chinese Academy of Sciences Lanzhou China Institute of Applied Ecology Chinese Academy of Sciences Shenyang China Institute of Geographic Sciences Natural Resources Research Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China 《中国科学D辑(英文版)》2007,50(2):261-273
Application scope of geostatistics has been gradually extended from original geologic field to soil science and ecological field, etc. and its successful application results have been widely demonstrated. But little information is reported as to the direct use of geostatistical method to work out the distribu- tion map of groundwater characteristics. In this paper the semivariogram of geostatistics, in combina- tion with GIS, was used to quantitatively study the spatial variation characteristics of groundwater table depth and mineralization degree and their relation to the landuse changes. F test of the used spherical model reached a very significant level, and the theoretical model can well reflect the spatial structural characteristics of groundwater table depth and mineralization degree and achieve an ideal result. This shows that the application of the method in the dynamical simulation of groundwater is feasible. And this paper also provides useful reference for the application of geostatistics in the study of the dy- namical variations of groundwater resources in the oasis. 相似文献
217.
On the basis of the complex of geological features, the eastern flank of the Salla-Pana-Kuolajarvi belt is a prospect structure for gold mineralization in the U-bearing albitites and related acid and mafic metasomatites. Visible tellurides and selenides, which are typical of gold deposits of the Fe-Co-Au-U group in the adjacent territory of Finland within the Salla-Pana-Kuolajarvi belt, were found in the Ozerny occurrence as a result of studies. Native gold is found in association with tellurides. Molybdenite from the occurrence has a high Re content up to 0.3%. 相似文献
218.
219.
220.
G. Cayrel de Strobel Y. Lebreton C. Soubiran E.D. Friel 《Astrophysics and Space Science》1999,265(1-4):345-352
The authors of this paper try to disentangle the many problems arisen from a new enlarged sample of nearby low-mass,metal-rich-stars.
These stars have reliable absolute magnitudes, deduced from Hipparcos parallaxes, precise bolometric corrections, effective
temperatures and metal abundances from high resolution detailed spectroscopic analyses. Their ages have been derived from
a grid of isochrones calculated with up to date physics. The main goal of this paper is to determine the ages of the slightly
evolved SMR stars. Among those with well determinated ages about 80% of them have intermediate ages of (2 to 5 Gyr), but only
20% have ages of 8 Gyr or more. Nevertheless, the existence of very old metal-rich stars is confirmed.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献