澳大利亚奥林匹克坝铜-铀-金矿床

澳大利亚奥林匹克坝矿床以铜、铀为主,铜品位约为2～3%,铀0.5～1.5公斤/吨,矿区面积20平方公里,矿化垂直厚度从几十至数百米,矿石储量尚待发表.此外,还有相当含量的稀土、金和银.该矿床位于阿得雷德西北约650公里的洛克斯比当斯牧场一带(图1).这里地势平缓,有砂丘和一些粘土盆地,是在上元古代和寒武纪沉积物上发育形成的.     

1990年7月30日射电爆发中spike辐射的观测和讨论

本文简要地叙述了1990年7月30日伴随日面2B级光学耀斑发生的射电爆发,在2840、2640、和1420MHz波段上同步观测结果,其中包括射电爆发在以上波段的秒级时间轮廓和毫秒级时间尺度的spike辐射活动.对它们的形态和频率特征作了简要分析,同时对spike辐射的迴旋电子脉塞增长率、相对辐射频宽和准周期振汤的某些特征及辐射源区的某些物理参数,作了进一步的分析和量级的估算.     

Theoretical investigation of the interstellar CH3NC/CH3CN ratio

Calculations have been performed to determine the abundance ratio of the metastable isomer CH3NC to the stable isomer CH3CN in dense interstellar clouds. According to gas phase, ion-molecule treatments, these molecules are both synthesized via protonated ion precursors. We have calculated the ratio of the formation rates of the protonated precursor ions-- CH3NCH+ and CH3CNH+ --synthesized via the radiative association reaction between CH3+ and HCN, which is thought to the dominant formation process of the two isomeric ions. Our calculations, which involve both ab initio quantum chemistry and equilibrium determinations, lead to a predicted CH3NCH+/CH3CNH+ formation rate ratio between 0.1 and 0.4. If this ratio is maintained in the neutral species formed from the precursor ions, theory predicts a sizable abundance for methyl isocyanide (CH3NC) and lends credence to its tentative observation.     

1966年邢台地区强震前小震的密集-平静特征及其初步解释y

本文利用邢台地震台网的地震目录资料,研究了邢台地区强震前小震的密集——平静特点及其空间分布的立体图象.研究结果表明: (1)1966年3月邢台地区发生的几个6级以上强震前小震均有密集——平静现象,但明显程度随时间减小.部份4.5级地震前小震也有密集——平静现象,但因出现在6级以上地震后的余震活动背景上,情况比较复杂.相对平静期的长度,密集期中最大地震的震级均与相应主震震级之间有一定关系.一般来讲,主震震级越大,平静期越长,密集期中最大地震震级也越大. (2)3月22日7.2级主震前,小震的密集——平静过程在空间上有清晰的物理图象.3月8日6.8级地震发生后,3月20日在其余震区的两个端部中介质强度较弱的南西端首先达到破裂强度,发生一系列中小地震,对应于主震前的密集期.3月21日至22日主震前小震明显减少,是主震前的相对平静期,而且小震有由南西端向北东方向迁移的趋势.显示震区应力场在迅速地改变,应力由南西端向北东端进一步集中,并促使22日在北东端尖端部位失稳而发生6.7级及7.2级主震.3月26日6.2级强震前小震的密集——平静过程在空间上也有类似清晰的物理图象. 此外,本文对大震前小震的密集——平静特点作初步的解释.      

作物模型参数敏感性分析现状与展望

作物模型作为作物产量预测等方面应用广泛、作用巨大的重要工具,其参数的校正和优化等工作是模型模拟的前提。普通的试错法缺乏客观性且效率低下,对作物模型的输入参数进行敏感性分析,识别模拟过程中参数的敏感程度,能够有效识别关键参数并减少率定的参数量,为后续模型参数优化和校正工作奠定基础。本文主要分析了作物模型的局部敏感性分析方法和全局敏感性方法的利弊及其适应条件,涵盖傅立叶幅度灵敏度检验法(FAST)、Morris法、LH-OAT法、普适似然不确定性估计法(GLUE)、Sobol法以及扩展傅立叶幅度灵敏度检验法(EFAST)等,回顾各方法在作物模型中的研究现状,并对作物模型参数敏感性分析方法提出了展望。     

1949–2014年中国三种主要作物的地理重心时空迁移分析（英文）

Spatial distribution changes in major crops can reveal important information about cropping systems.Here,a new centroid method that applies physics and mathematics to spatial pattern analysis in agriculture is proposed to quantitatively describe the historical centroids of rice,maize and wheat in China from 1949 to 2014.The geographical centroids of the rice area moved 413.39 km in a 34.32° northeasterly(latitude 3.08°N,longitude 2.10°E) direction at a speed of 6.36 km/year from central Hunan province to Hubei province,while the geographical centroids of rice production moved 509.26 km in the direction of 45.44° northeasterly(latitude 3.22°N,longitude 3.27°E) at a speed of 7.83 km/year from central Hunan province to Henan province.The geographical centroids of the maize area and production moved 307.15 km in the direction of 34.33° northeasterly(latitude 2.29°N,longitude 1.56°E) and 308.16 km in the direction of 30.79° northeasterly(latitude 2.39°N,longitude 1.42°E),respectively.However,the geographical centroids of the wheat area and production were randomly distributed along the border of Shanxi and Henan provinces.We divided the wheat into spring wheat and winter wheat and found that the geographical centroids of the spring wheat area and production were distributed within Inner Mongolia,while the geographical centroids of winter wheat were distributed in Shanxi and Henan provinces.We found that the hotspots of crop cultivation area and production do not always change concordantly at a larger,regional scale,suggesting that the changing amplitude and rate of each crops' yield differ between different regions in China.Thus,relevant adaptation measures should be taken at a regional level to prevent production damage in those with increasing area but decreasing production.     

Choice of conodont Idiognathodus simulator （sensu stricto） as the event marker for the base of the global Gzhelian Stage （Upper Pennsylvanian Series,Carboniferous System）

We propose that the level at which the conodont species Idiognathodus simulator （Ellison 1941） （sensu stricto） first appears be selected to mark the base of the Gzhelian Stage, because we believe that this is the optimal level by which this boundary can be correlated. This taxon has a short range and a wide distribution, as shown by correlation of glacial-eustatic cyclothems across the Kasimovian-Gzhelian boundary interval among Midcontinent North America and the Moscow and Donets basins of eastern Europe, based on scale of the cyclothems along with several aspects of biostrati- graphy. Outside of these areas, I. simulator （sensu stricto） is known also from other parts of the U.S., and is reported from the southern Urals and south-central China in its expected position between other widespread taxa. Its first appearance is consistent with the current ammonoid placement of the boundary （first appearance of Shumardites cuyleri）, and it is also compatible with certain aspects of the distribution of Eurasian fusulinid faunas （e.g., lectotype ofRauserites rossicus）.     

适用于大河流域的栅格DEM洼地填充算法

针对地势平坦且空间范围较大的流域水系自动提取任务中,采用常规的洼地填充算法难以提取出完整水系,形成大量"断头河"的问题,提出了一种能够导出整个数字高程模型(DEM)所有像元被淹没的次序表的方法,由该次序表构成的矩阵代替原有DEM来实现流向的计算,进而提取出累积流向及分级河道。经用覆盖中心流域的高精度DEM以及覆盖黄河和长江等大型流域的DEM来测试,结果表明:用其他算法提取结果均发生了"断头河"错误,而该方法则能提取出完整的水系。这种方法能正确实施洼地填充和像元填平处理,可以适应于任意规模和精度的DEM填洼问题,具有较强的鲁棒性,克服了以往算法难以处理大河流域DEM洼地填充的不足。