基于熵分割算法对CT肝脏兴趣区的提取

目的:在计算机辅助诊断(CAD)和未来治疗中,提取已分割好的CT肝脏组织中的兴趣区。方法:利用熵分割算法对CT肝脏组织的兴趣区进行自动分割,并和专业医生手工分割的兴趣区作比较。结果:分割的兴趣区与专业医生分割的兴趣区相比,该方法具有良好的获取兴趣区的能力。结论:在不同条件下对肝脏做相应预处理,然后分别对手工分割的兴趣区与熵分割的兴趣区相应数据作比较,得出熵分割算法是一种极为有效的图像自动分割方法。     

消除滑动扫描地震数据中谐波干扰的反相关方法(英文)

滑动扫描技术是高效、高保真、环保的可控震源勘探技术之一,是下一组震源不必等待上一组震源震动结束即可开始震动的高效采集方法。该技术由于缩短了相邻两炮的等待时间,使得生产效率得到显著提高。但是后一炮的谐波畸变与前一炮的基波信号混叠在一起,不易分离,在相关后的地震记录上形成了严重的谐波干扰,降低了地震资料的质量。本文提出一种反相关方法来压制滑动扫描地震数据中的谐波干扰。该方法首先把地面力信号分解为基波和各阶谐波分量;然后将后一炮的相关前数据分别与各分量相关,只选取正时间轴中对应分量的自相关部分,利用各分量的反相关算子提取各阶谐波信息;最后从前一炮数据中减去提取出的高阶谐波,得到压制谐波后的地震记录。该方法对有效信号影响小,可同时处理相关前和相关后数据,而且算法简单稳定,计算效率高。本文分别对理论模型和实际数据进行处理,验证了该方法消除谐波干扰的有效性。     

AlphaGUARD与FD-125测氡仪的对比观测研究

本文用AlphaGUARD测氡仪进行真空状态下静置时间与氡浓度关系的实验,以总结AlphaGUARD测氡仪测试氡值的最佳稳定时间段及氡值变化是否符合氡衰变规律;通过对平行样品的观测,分析了AlphaGUARD测氡仪与FD-125测氡仪的一致性问题。结果表明,在静置时间70min以内,氡值变化比较稳定,70min之后氡观测值逐渐降低,基本符合氡放射性衰变规律:AlphaGUARD测氡仪与FD-125测氡仪结果具有一定偏差,平均相对偏差小于约10%。据推测可能是两个仪器的系统测试误差造成的,另外FD-125测氡仪自身存在校准氡源活度与样品浓度差距过大而导致测试结果偏离等缺点。以上实验结果为AlphaGUARD测氡仪在地震系统的推广应用积累了经验。     

乍得Bongor盆地构造反转的油气地质意义

分析总结了乍得Bongor盆地的构造反转特征,着重研究了其对源岩生烃与排烃、储层成岩、圈闭形成及保存、油气运移
等成藏要素的影响,进而探讨了盆地油气成藏特征和资源潜力。结果表明,Bongor盆地的构造反转以地层大幅抬升剥蚀和残余地
层强烈褶皱变形为主要响应特征,造成了烃源岩生烃、排烃过程停滞,浅部油藏的破坏。同时,盆地本身的热结构、热演化在一定
程度上减弱了这种破坏作用,使得烃源岩在构造反转结束以后仍保留有较好的生烃潜力。地层抬升剥蚀使得储层压实-胶结等
成岩作用减弱,溶蚀淋滤作用增强,深部储层得以保存;残余地层的褶皱变形形成了大量的反转构造,为油气最终运聚-成藏提供
了储集空间。      

The influence of a season of extreme wet weather events on exposure of the World Heritage Area Great Barrier Reef to pesticides

The 2010-2011 wet season was one of extreme weather for the State of Queensland, Australia. Major rivers adjacent to the Great Barrier Reef (GBR) were discharging at rates 1.5 to >3 times higher than their long term median. Exposure to photosystem II herbicides has been routinely monitored over a period of up to 5 years at 12 inshore GBR sites. The influence of this wet season on exposure to photosystem II herbicides was examined in the context of this long-term monitoring record and during flood plume events in specific regions. Median exposures expressed as diuron equivalent concentration were an average factor of 2.3 times higher but mostly not significantly different (p<0.05) to the median for the long-term monitoring record. The herbicides metolachlor and tebuthiuron were frequently detected in flood plume waters at concentrations that reached or exceeded relevant water quality guidelines (by up to 4.5 times).     

Influence of plankton concentration on gametogenesis and spawning of the black lip pearl oyster Pinctada margaritifera in Ahe atoll lagoon (Tuamotu archipelago, French polynesia)

Pearl culture industry represents one of the dominant business sector of French Polynesia. However, it still entirely relies on unpredictable spat collection success. Our aim was to assess the influence of natural plankton concentration fluctuations on maturation and spawning of the black lip pearl oyster Pinctada margaritifera, during a 4months survey conducted in Ahe atoll lagoon. Plankton concentration was assessed by chlorophyll a extraction and by microscope counts while gonadic index, gonado-visceral dry weights and histology were used to measure pearl oysters reproduction activity. We found that (i) plankton concentration fluctuations were mainly related to wind regime, (ii) gametogenesis rate was mainly related to plankton concentration, (iii) spawning occurred when maximal gonad storage was reached, (iv) plankton concentration was the main spawning synchronizing factor. These results contribute explaining P. margaritifera spat collection variability in French Polynesian atoll lagoon.     

Evaluation of bacteriological and nutrient concerns in nearshore waters of a barrier island community in SW Florida

To determine if local onsite treatment systems affect nearshore water quality, seasonal and rain event monitoring of bacteria and nitrogen was conducted on the Gulf and estuary sides of Captiva Island. Monitoring wells were used to examine the relationship between surface water and groundwater quality. Nitrates were found to be significantly greater in ground water samples from the areas of Captiva using onsite treatment compared to areas with sewer. However, groundwater enterococci were no greater in areas with onsite treatment. Surface water nitrogen was significantly greater near onsite systems than areas with sewer, linking groundwater and surface water quality. Surface water enterococci increased significantly after rain events. Study results indicated stormwater runoff disperses indicator bacteria from diffuse terrestrial sources into nearshore waters, elevating the concentrations. This study reveals local onsite treatment systems produce elevated surface water nitrogen levels but do not contribute to elevated indicator bacteria concentrations in this system.     

South Asian high and Asian-Pacific-American climate teleconnection

Growing evidence indicates that the Asian monsoon plays an important role in affecting the weather and climate outside of Asia. However, this active role of the monsoon has not been demonstrated as thoroughly as has the variability of the monsoon caused by various impacting factors such as sea surface temperature and land surface. This study investigates the relationship between the Asian monsoon and the climate anomalies in the Asian-Pacific-American （APA） sector. A hypothesis is tested that the variability of the upper-tropospheric South Asian high （SAH）, which is closely associated with the overall heating of the large-scale Asian monsoon, is linked to changes in the subtropical western Pacific high （SWPH）, the midPacific trough, and the Mexican high. The changes in these circulation systems cause variability in surface temperature and precipitation in the APA region. A stronger SAH is accompanied by a stronger and more extensive SWPH. The enlargement of the SWPH weakens the mid-Pacific trough. As a result, the southern portion of the Mexican high becomes stronger. These changes are associated with changes in atmospheric teleconnections, precipitation, and surface temperature throughout the APA region. When the SAH is stronger, precipitation increases in southern Asia, decreases over the Pacific Ocean, and increases over the Central America. Precipitation also increases over Australia and central Africa and decreases in the Mediterranean region. While the signals in surface temperature are weak over the tropical land portion, they are apparent in the mid latitudes and over the eastern Pacific Ocean.     

地壳现代形变的近似动力学模型

为计算不同时刻介质中的形变位移,提出用近似模型代替有一定流变和给定作用力系的介质某一边缘问题解.最优化反演问题解带有近似模型的自由参数,为求出模型自由参数系,将反演问题解分解为形变锋族运动学问题解和模型振幅参数的测定.     

岩石层—大气层—电离层耦合作为震前大气层和电离层短临事件的影响机制

介绍了大气层和电离层震前现象机制的基本观念。简短回顾了观测结果后,我们得出结论：1．流体下层物质（气泡）向上迁移能导致近地表的热水／气体被逐出,并在强度弱化的地区引发地震;2．因此,气泡出现的时间和地点是随机的,但是地震、地球化学异常和前震（地震、SA和超低频电磁异常）是随机关联的;3．大气温度和密度扰动跟随着震前热水／气体释放,导致产生周期为6～60min的大气重力波（AGW）;4．地震引发的大气重力波能导致电离层扰动变化并导致大气层中地平线上无线电波传播、下部电离层低频波扰动和地面超低频辐射衰减的变化。