Stratigraphy of the Lower Cretaceous Sediments from the Carpathian Bend Area, Romania

The Lower Cretaceous sediments of the Ceahl?u Nappe (from the bend region of the Romanian Carpathians) were investigated from lithological and micropaleontological (calcareous nannoplankton) points of view. Our investigations revealed that the studied deposits were sedimented within the latest Tithonian-Albian interval. The calcareous nannofossil assemblages of the turbidite calcareous successions (the Sinaia Formation) were assigned to the NJK-?NC5 calcareous nannofossil zones, which cover the Late Tithonian-Early Barremian interval. The sandy-shaly turbidites, which followed the calcareous turbidites of the Sinaia Formation, are Early Barremian-Early Albian in age (interval covered by the ?NC5-NC8 calcareous nannofossil zones). Because the studied deposited are mainly turbidites, many reworked nannofossils from older deposits are present in the calcareous nannofloras. Thus, some biozones (i.e., NC5), defined based on the last occurrences of nannofossils, could not be identified. The calcareous nannofossil assemblages are composed of Tethyan taxa (which dominate the nannofloras) and cosmopolitan taxa. During two intervals (the Late Valanginian and across the Barremian/Aptian boundary), Tethyan and cosmopolitan nannofossils, together with Boreal ones, were observed. This type of mixed calcareous nannoplankton assemblage is indicative for sea-level high-stand, which allows the nannofloral exchange between the Tethyan and Boreal realms, within the two-above mentioned intervals.     

ASCA Observation of the Quiescent X-Ray Counterpart to SGR 1627-41

We present a 2-10 keV ASCA observation of the field around the soft gamma repeater SGR 1627-41. A quiescent X-ray source, whose position is consistent both with that of a recently discovered BeppoSAX X-ray source and with the Interplanetary Network localization for this soft gamma repeater, was detected in this observation. In 2-10 keV X-rays, the spectrum of the X-ray source may be fit equally well by a power-law, blackbody, or bremsstrahlung function, with unabsorbed flux approximately 5x10-12 ergs cm-2 s-1. We do not confirm a continuation of a fading trend in the flux, and we find no evidence for periodicity, both of which were noted in the earlier BeppoSAX observations.     

南非德兰士瓦层序早元古代古土壤和铁质岩中的层状金矿化

在玄武岩表面及上覆的海进沉积层序之底部发育的早元古代古土壤中含有黄铁矿,在某些情况下,这些黄铁矿含金.层状矿化延伸数百公里.虽说这种矿化可用几种成因模式加以解释,但作者得出了这样的结论:即金矿化发生在成壤作用和(或)成岩作用时期.人们认为,富含硫化物的地下水将金自玄武岩和古土壤B层中淋滤出来,随后因HS~-活动的减弱而沉淀.据信,金的沉淀是因大气氧化作用及与古土壤A层富铁淋滤液发生反应而造成的,早先存在的氧化铁矿物的黄铁矿化,亦对金的沉淀产生了影响.可以断定,成壤的金矿胎至少可对维特瓦特斯兰德型(Witwatesrand TyPe)矿床中金的成因作出某些解释.     

在休斯顿使用多传感器检查使管道破裂风险最小化

由于高成本和极具破坏性的特性,紧急管道修复成为被迫选择的措施。1992年,由于糟糕的土质和管道接头的泄露,造成休斯顿Almeda路40英尺长的一段路面发生了塌陷,需要紧急的管道修复。此后,休斯顿公共工程和事业部的工程师立即准备调查13英里的大直径废水管道设施。工程师非常关注NSRT（北部地区清洁改善隧道）段,这段管道带着废水从北部穿过市中心到达该市最大的废水处理厂。当时,大直径管道的调查只能选择人工检查的方式。     

印度科拉尔金矿田的矿化和构造

引言世界级的科拉尔金矿田的金矿床,位于印度南部卡纳塔克邦班加罗尔东边80km处。该矿床产于科拉尔绿岩带中。该带是一条长80km、宽3—15km的太古宙上壳岩带,其大部分是由镁铁质火山岩组成。该矿床在古开矿地点上再次被发现后,这个地区自1880年以来是连续开采金矿的。从大约4800万吨矿石中回收金的总产量是790吨,被磨碎矿石的金平均回收品位为16.48克/吨。现在工厂原样品位大约是3.5克/吨,每年生产金大约1.2吨。     

古代海洋沉积物中沉积速度与有机碳总量间的关系(上)

沉积盆地的碳氢化合物潜量取决于是否存在良好的生油岩。石油勘探中的一个主要问题就是要在边远地区的陆上或海洋盆地中建立用于评价生油岩潜力的准则。     

Application of HF radar currents to oil spill modelling

In this work, the benefits of high-frequency (HF) radar currents for oil spill modeling and trajectory analysis of floating objects are analyzed. The HF radar performance is evaluated by means of comparison between a drifter buoy trajectory and the one simulated using a Lagrangian trajectory model. A methodology to optimize the transport model performance and to calculate the search area of the predicted positions is proposed. This method is applied to data collected during the Galicia HF Radar Experience. This experiment was carried out to explore the capabilities of this technology for operational monitoring along the Spanish coast. Two long-range HF radar stations were installed and operated between November 2005 and February 2006 on the Galician coast. In addition, a drifter buoy was released inside the coverage area of the radar. The HF radar currents, as well as numerical wind data were used to simulate the buoy trajectory using the TESEO oil spill transport model. In order to evaluate the contribution of HF radar currents to trajectory analysis, two simulation alternatives were carried out. In the first one, wind data were used to simulate the motion of the buoy. In the second alternative, surface currents from the HF radar were also taken into account. For each alternative, the model was calibrated by means of the global optimization algorithm SCEM-UA (Shuffled Complex Evolution Metropolis) in order to obtain the probability density function of the model parameters. The buoy trajectory was computed for 24 h intervals using a Monte Carlo approach based on the results provided in the calibration process. A bivariate kernel estimator was applied to determine the 95% confidence areas. The analysis performed showed that simulated trajectories integrating HF radar currents are more accurate than those obtained considering only wind numerical data. After a 24 h period, the error in the final simulated position improves using HF radar currents. Averaging the information from all the simulated daily periods, the mean search and rescue area calculated using HF radar currents, is reduced by approximately a 62% in comparison with the search area calculated without these data. These results show the positive contribution of HF radar currents for trajectory analysis, and demonstrate that these data combined with atmospheric forecast models, are of value for trajectory analysis of oil spills or floating objects.     

新仙女木期沙漠/黄土过渡带高分辨率泥炭记录——东亚季风气候颤动的实例

通过对气候敏感的沙漠/黄土过渡带中湖沼沉积进行高分辨率的~(14)C年代学和气候代用指标的研究,揭示了东亚季风气候存在着干冷(11.2～10.6kaBP)、湿凉(10.6～10.2kaBP)和干冷(10.2～10.0kaBP)的颤动特征。沙漠/黄土过渡带地处欧洲下风区,通过西风带与极地北大西洋气候相联系。晚冰期上述地区大气和海面温度变化引起西伯利亚～蒙古高压强度的变化,进一步影响东西区域性海-陆气压梯度的增强与减弱。因此,这一时期东亚季风气候这种百年尺度的快速颤动可视为高纬极地大陆气团与太平洋暖湿气团相互作用的写照。     

论在横向不均匀条件下上地幔中的P波走时

约30年来,杰弗瑞斯一布伦(J-B)时距曲线被认为是最准确的标准时距曲线.但观测到的地震波走时在3—4秒时很少与J-B时距曲线所给定的值一致.在地震工作者中就爆破和地震所观测到的地震波走时不同的原因进行过争论,大多数学者认为走时之所以有差别是由于爆破时观测的精度较高所致.为了提高时距曲线的精度,也就是建立全球平均状态的时距曲线,必须考虑不同震中区的速度特点.而J—B时距曲线所利用的地震大多属于太平洋地震带,不能作为全球的平均值.1968年得出的时距曲线虽然用了278个地震和13个爆破的资料,但时距曲线在纵坐标中的位置是根据美国中部地区和上地幔构造模型确定的,因此,也不能作为全球的平均值.