Comparison of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon distributions and sedimentary organic matter characteristics in contaminated, coastal sediments from Pensacola Bay, Florida

In this study, we examined the distribution of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in a contaminated coastal area and the characteristics of the natural organic matter in tandem. We present a detailed study of PAH concentration, distribution, and organic matter characteristics of three core samples from Pensacola Bay, Florida. Solid-state 13C Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR), pyrolysis gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (GC-MS), and tetramethyl ammonium hydroxide (TMAH) thermochemolysis GC-MS were applied to obtain structural details about the sedimentary organic matter. Elemental compositions (carbon and nitrogen) and estimates of black carbon contents are also reported. These coastal sediments were found to contain more PAHs in the upper 15 cm layers than in the bottom 15-25 cm samples. The samples that contained the most PAHs also contained the least amount of aromatic carbon and contained a significant amount of paraffinic carbon. Lignin-derived pyrolysis and TMAH thermochemolysis products were abundant and generally higher in all of the samples in comparison to those reported for modern coastal sediments, indicating a large flux of terrestrial carbon. The black carbon contents were found to range from 4.3% to 6.8%, which are significantly lower than other reports of black carbon in sediments, which represent as much as 65% of the total organic carbon content. The low black carbon content suggests that this type of refractory carbon may not be as responsible for regulating PAH distribution as indicated by other researchers.     

Marine mammals from northeast Atlantic: relationship between their trophic status as determined by delta13C and delta15N measurements and their trace metal concentrations

The relationship between trophic position through delta13C and delta15N and trace metal concentrations (Zn, Cd, Cu and Hg) was investigated in the tissues of six marine mammal species from the Northeast Atlantic: striped dolphin Stenella coeruleoalba, common dolphin, Delphinus delphis, Atlantic white-sided dolphin Lagenorhynchus acutus, harbour porpoise Phocoena phocoena, white beaked-dolphin Lagenorhynchus albirostris, grey seal Halichoerus grypus stranded on French Channel and Irish coasts. White-beaked dolphins, harbour porpoises, white-sided dolphins, common and striped dolphins display the same relative and decreasing trophic position, as measured by delta15N values, along both the Irish and French channel coasts, reflecting conservative trophic habits between these two places. Hepatic and renal Cd concentrations were significantly correlated to muscle delta13C and delta15N values while Hg, Zn and Cu did not. These results suggest that Cd accumulation is partly linked to the diet while other factors such as age or body condition might explain Hg, Zn or Cu variability in marine mammals. Combined stable isotope and trace metal analyses appear to be useful tools for the study of marine mammal ecology.     

湖区风环流对湖泊环流影响的探讨和数值模拟

本文对北半球大湖中普遍存在的大规模反时针环流的形成,提出了一种物理解释,认为大气在经过湖体时的地转适应过程产生了一个有利于这种环流形成的附加风场。这种环流的强度在一年四季中是变化的,夏季最强,冬季最弱。在此理论的基础上建立了一个三维非线性水动力学数学模型。数值试验表明,风场的有旋性对这种环流的形成起了决定性的作用。计算得到的环流形态基本上与实测结果相吻合。     

酚氧化酶研究概况I——特性、功能、分布和在胚胎发育中的变化

酚氧化酶 (phenoloxidase,PO)参与无脊椎动物的防御反应。在无脊椎动物中 ,PO一般以无活性的酶原形式——酚氧化酶原 (prophenoloxidase,proPO)存在[1]。无活性的 proPO在丝氨酸型蛋白酶作用下转变成具有活性的PO。丝氨酸型蛋白酶本身也以酶原的形式存在 ,可被细菌和真菌等的细胞壁成分激活。酚氧化酶及其因子构成了一个复杂的酶级联反应系统 ,即所谓的酚氧化酶原激活系统 (prophenoloxidase activatedsystem ,proPO AS)。该系统由PO、蛋白酶、模式识别蛋白和蛋白酶的抑制剂构成。proPO AS能被微生物的细胞壁成分如β 1,3 葡聚糖等…     

激光器在水下的应用

激光(Laser)这个词最初是受激辐射光放大(Light Amplification by Stimu-lated Emission of Radiation)这个词组主要词的首字母缩合而成,现在已经使用了二十多年。虽然激光器长时间被认为是一种没有什么用途的器具,但是后来在大量的应用中它已经成为必不可少的东西了。当然,到目前为止,由于种种原因,基本的激光器系统在水下的应用还一直局限于实验性阶段,但是随着激光技术的快速发展和水下作业需求的日     

第23章 DNS模式:一种为大洋波浪预报而改进的谱模式

23.1 介绍 模拟与频率和方向相关的大洋波谱F（f,θ）的工作是极其困难的。唯一有点统一的理论（Hasselmann,1967）也还没有简化成一种实用形式。这篇研究中所探讨的是结合零散的,现有的理论,以达到这样一种目的:即发展一种与我们目前对风浪成长谱的了解相一致 ·95.的波谱模式。本章中我们将讨论一种离散的谱模式,这种模式采用了一种改进的能量传播的特征方法。数值方法最早是由Barnett等（1969）提出的。     

五种植物提取液的抗鱼病菌和抗鱼病毒效应(英文)

本文旨在探索用廉价的野生植物防治鱼病。所用的植物有牛繁缕(Stellaria aqu-atica),双花凤仙(Impatiens biflora),夜来香(Oenothera biennis),艾草(Artem-isia vulgaris)和忍冬(Lonicera japonica)。用作试验的鱼病菌共13种(18个菌株),分属于气单孢菌属、假单孢菌属、爱德华氏菌属、耶尔森氏菌属、弧菌属。所用的鱼病毒为传染性胰脏坏死病毒IPNV,传染性造血组织坏死病毒IHNV。上述病原微生物均获自美国马里兰大学微生物系。实验结果表明,五种植物提取液均有不同程度的抗鱼病菌作用,其中以牛繁缕的抗菌谱最广,作用力最强。忍冬、艾草、牛繁缕有抗鱼病毒作用。其中以忍冬的效果最好,它能抑制IPNV和IHNV。而艾草和牛繁缕只能抑制IHNV。     

Effects of prolonged exposure to 4-tert-octylphenol on toxicity and indices of oestrogenic exposure in the sand goby (Pomatoschistus minutus, Pallas)

Alkylphenolic compounds are present in estuarine and marine environments. They are moderately bioaccumulative, and oestrogenic to fish following three week, in vivo, exposures. The effects of prolonged exposure are, as yet, unclear. Sand goby (Pomatoschistus minutus) were exposed to measured concentrations of 4-tert-octylphenol (OP) in a 28-day, dose-ranging study, and a six month temporal response study. Following 28-days exposure to measured 31+/-6 or 101+/-47 microg l(-1) OP (mean+/-SD), immature male sand goby showed elevated vitellogenin (VTG) mRNA expression. Plasma alkali-labile phosphate concentrations were elevated in both sexes and were higher in females than males. Although measured OP concentrations were variable, they were significantly different for each treatment and a range of concentration-dependent effects were observed. The LC(50) for chronic OP exposure (8 weeks) was 29+/-6 microg l(-1), and both sexes demonstrated concentration and duration dependent increases in VTG mRNA expression. Exposure to 28+/-20 microg l(-1) OP (median+/-95% CI) for 6 months inhibited development of male nuptial colouration and sperm duct glands. These findings are discussed in relation to environmental concentrations of alkylphenols and ecological concerns.     

Preliminary studies On the colonial form of Cylindrotheca sp. （Bacillariophyceae）

From a stock culture of Cylindrotheca sp., non-motile colony-forming cells were observed and isolated.Colony-forming cells produced both single cells and colony-forming cells in liquid medla.the rate of single cell production varied among clones.