准噶尔盆地吉木萨尔凹陷芦草沟组甜点页岩油微观赋存特征及成因机制

准噶尔盆地吉木萨尔页岩油是中国典型的陆相页岩油。通过场发射扫描电镜、激光共聚焦、纳米CT、核磁共振等实验技术联合对微纳米孔隙中页岩油赋存特征进行研究,结果表明甜点储层具有纳米—亚微米—微米全尺度含油特征。在微纳米尺度,油、水赋存特征表现为重质组分油附着于2~5 μm以上孔隙的孔壁及充填于2~5 μm以下的孔隙中,中质组分油赋存于2~5 μm以上孔隙的中央,孔隙水含量较少,呈孤立状赋存于2~5 μm以上孔隙的中央,并被中质组分油包裹。页岩油在微纳米孔隙中的赋存不仅受生烃超压充注控制,还受吸附作用及多期次成藏影响。孔隙表面润湿性由亲水润湿反转为亲油润湿是烃类发生吸附的主要原因,多期次成藏造成微纳米孔隙中油质差异及高的含油饱和度。早期生烃超压充注进储层的重质组分油在孔隙表面亲油润湿下吸附于孔隙表面,随着吸附层变厚,纳米级孔隙逐渐被充满,孔隙水被驱替到较大的孔隙中间;后期成熟的中质组分油以此方式进一步充注和调整。研究认为埋深较大的凹陷西部是有利勘探方向。微纳米孔隙中的重质组分油是未来页岩油提高采收率的方向。吉木萨尔页岩油微观赋存特征及成因机制可能具有普遍性,对于中国陆相页岩油的深入研究具有借鉴意义。     

雌雄比对海带雌配子体发育的影响

本实验进行了不同雌雄比对海带雌配子体发育的影响。结果表明：雌雄比(鲜重)为1：1及2：1，实验组出现排卵时间最早，且发育率高，实验第20天，发育率超过70％，孢子体正常。5：1，10：1，20：1实验组随着雄性比例的减少，发育率逐渐降低，随着培养天数的增加，三个实验组均出现未受精卵及畸形孢子体，雌雄比越大，未受精卵数目越多。     

Domoic acid excretion in dungeness crabs, razor clams and mussels

Domoic acid (DA) is a neurotoxic amino acid produced by several marine algal species of the Pseudo-nitzschia (PN) genus. We studied the elimination of DA from hemolymph after intravascular (IV) injection in razor clams (Siliqua patula), mussels (Mytilus edulis) and Dungeness crabs (Cancer magister). Crabs were also injected with two other organic acids, dichloroacetic acid (DCAA) and kainic acid (KA). For IV dosing, hemolymph was repetitively sampled and DA concentrations measured by HPLC-UV. Toxicokinetic analysis of DA in crabs suggested most of the injected dose remained within hemolymph compartment with little extravascular distribution. This observation is in sharp contrast to results obtained from clams and mussels which exhibited similarly large apparent volumes of distribution despite large differences in overall clearance. These findings suggest fundamentally different storage and elimination processes are occurring for DA between bivalves and crabs.     

Diagnosis of trace metal contamination in sediments: the example of Ensenada and El Sauzal, two harbors in Baja California, Mexico

Total metal concentrations in sediments from within Ensenada and El Sauzal Harbors are generally higher than at the mouths. Grain-size analyses suggested that this enrichment could be due to the presence of fine-grained sediments in the inner part of the harbors rather than to anthropogenic perturbations. The (Me/Al)(sample) ratios for Pb, Co, Ni and Fe were significantly higher for Ensenada Harbor relative to El Sauzal Harbor, whereas the ratios for Cd, Mn, Zn and Cu were statistically equivalent for both harbors. Calculated enrichment factors [EF(Me)=(Me/Al)(sample)/(Me/Al)(shale)] indicated that the metals showing slight enrichment were those associated with anthropogenic contamination (Pb, Zn), or probably related to primary productivity in the water column (Cd, Co). The levels of most of the metals were not greatly enriched, a consideration that is of the utmost importance when contamination issues are at stake.     

The possible formation of a hydrogen coma around comets at large heliocentric distances

An observational test--the detection of a hydrogen coma around comets at large heliocentric distances--is proposed for determining whether comets were formed by the agglomeration of unaltered, ice-coated, interstellar grains. Laboratory experiments showed that amorphous water ice traps H2, D2, and Ne below 20 K and does not release them completely until the ice is heated to 150 K. Gas/ice ratios as high as 0.63 are obtainable. Thus, if the ice-coated interstellar grains were not heated above approximately 110 K, prior to their agglomeration into cometary nuclei, the inward propagating heat waves should release from the comets a continuous flux of molecular hydrogen. This flux would exceed that of water molecules at approximately 3 AU preperihelion and approximately 4 AU postperihelion.     

福建南部沿海的江豚

在闽南厦门至漳浦沿海获22只江豚,根据背部棘状小结节的数量与分布,可明显分为两个亚种,即指名亚种(N.P.Phocaenoides,81%)和北方亚种(N.P.Sunameri,19%),表明本海域是几个亚种的混栖地带,分析了这些江豚的外部形态和种群结构,测定了脂肪层及各内脏的重量.     

新疆新源、和静交界M_S6.6地震强震动观测记录初步分析

2012年6月30日新疆伊犁州新源县、巴州和静县交界发生MS6.6地震,新疆区域强震动台网有近40个强震动台记录到本次地震产生的地面运动,记录的最大峰值加速度为3.484 m/s2。文中初步收集了本次地震获取加速度记录,简要进行了分析,并完成了部分典型记录的特征计算,为新疆强震动研究提供参考依据。     

块体应变参数时间序列变化与精河M_s6.6地震的关系研究

利用中国大陆构造环境监测网络新疆区域的32个GNSS基准站连续资料计算新疆区域块体应变参数时间序列,发现巴音布鲁克—新源—独山子—石河子4个基准站围成的块体其面膨胀值时间序列曲线在2017年8月9日精河MS6. 6地震前出现明显的年变转向时间滞后的现象,滞后时间约为3个月。年变幅度也有所增大,约为2. 8×10-8。     

基于流动重力和连续重力的新疆区域重力场时空特征研究

利用新疆区域多年的流动重力和连续重力资料对新疆的重力场时空特征进行研究,结果表明:2016～2017年南天山地区显示乌恰至喀什一带出现重力高梯度带的密集区域,北天山地区显示新源至巩乃斯一带重力测量出现较为明显的四象限分布。乌什台和库尔勒台的非潮汐变化在MS6. 0地震之前有一定的反应。