海温异常对东亚夏季风强度先兆信号的影响

利用ERA-Interim再分析资料、NOAA海温资料、CMAP格点降水资料和中国气象站降水资料,通过合成、相关和回归分析等方法研究了1979—2012年东亚夏季风强度与其先兆信号的关系,并分析了热带海温异常的可能影响。研究表明:东亚夏季风先兆指数反映了2月200 hPa纬向风距平的主要模态特征 (EOF1),前冬热带中东太平洋海温偏低 (高),2月亚洲地区西风急流位置偏北 (偏南),东亚夏季风先兆指数偏强 (弱)。前期热带海温异常对东亚夏季风强度有明显影响,前冬热带中东太平洋海温偏低 (高) 有利于东亚夏季风偏强 (弱)。2月亚洲中纬度地区纬向风异常特征在春季不能持续,先兆信号与东亚夏季风强度的联系主要源自热带海洋。     

The Influence of Merges with Various Mass Ratios on the Spins of Black Holes

The distribution of black hole spins in consideration of only the effect of merges is discussed. The angular momentum after merging is treated via the post-Newtonian approximation, and the effects of merges under different conditions are simulated by adopting the Monte Carlo method. The obtained results indicate that the major merge cannot make the distribution of black hole spins stable, but the minor merge can make the black hole spin smoothly slow down. The distribution of black hole spins can stay at a stable level with the overwhelming proportion of small spins, when the mass ratio of merging black holes takes the form of power-law function. In addition, based on the simulated results, the possible relationship between radio-loud active galactic nuclei (AGNs) and black hole spins is also discussed. Finally, the distribution of radio loudness is calculated and presented.     

陕北能源化工基地采煤对地下水资源的影响及对策

陕北能源化工基地侏罗纪煤田是中国煤炭工业战略西移的首选基地,采煤引起的地下水资源及生态环境响应的研究是一个不可逾越的课题。从分析水文地质工程地质条件入手,将煤田区划分为7个水文地质结构类型和5个含水系统,按照排泄基准面进一步将含水系统划分若干地下水流子系统。在经验公式和数值法预测结果的基础上,综合考虑研究区实际,提出了本区能够保障生态、水资源和采煤安全的冒裂带高度为240 m,"三带"安全高度为300 m,并据此将煤采区划分为非导水区、无水导水区、贫水导水区和富水导水区。从水资源的角度提出了"保水采煤"、"煤水共采"和"含水层再造"的煤炭资源开发近期和中远期对策。     

Re–Os age of non-mineralized black shale from the Kupferschiefer, Poland, and implications for metal enrichment

Six samples of non-mineralized black shale from a Kupferschiefer section in the northern part of the Polish Zechstein Basin (Zdrada IG-8 drill hole: 1026.16–1026.90 m) were studied for Re–Os isotopes and selected major and trace elements. These black shales, averaging 5.82 wt.% C_org and 1.69 wt.% S_tot, display very low base metal values (up to 106 ppb Cu, 792 ppb Pb, and 144 ppb Zn) and have abundances of 64–1376 ppb Re and 0.37–1.25 ppb Os, with a ¹⁸⁷Os/¹⁸⁸Os ratio of 6.95–22.5. The regression of all Re–Os data yields an age of 247 ± 20 Ma, which is within the range of uncertainties of previous Rb–Sr and K–Ar geochronological studies. The scatter in the Re–Os data can be explained in terms of fluctuations in sedimentary conditions, i.e., restricted basin with terrestrial influence.     

Radium-traced nutrient outwelling from the Subei Shoal to the Yellow Sea: Fluxes and environmental implication

The Subei Shoal is the largest sandy ridge in the southern Yellow Sea and is important source for nutrient loading to the sea. Here, the nutrient fluxes in the Subei Shoal associated with eddy diffusion and submarine groundwater discharge（SGD） were assessed to understand their impacts on the nutrient budget in the Yellow Sea. Based on the analysis of 223 Ra and 224 Ra in the field observation, the offshore eddy diffusivity mixing coefficient and SGD were estimated to be 2.3×10⁸ cm     

半球形多向波聚合波道振荡水柱气室优化设计

为了解决振动水柱式波浪能转换装置收集多向波浪问题,本文设计了半球形多向聚合波道振荡水柱气室结构,以适合远海单点波浪能采集和发电。在规则波正向入射条件下,基于流体仿真分析软件(FLUENT)、流体动力学连续性假设和粘性不可压缩流体动量守恒的运动方程(Navier-Stokes方程)建立半球形振荡气室和三维数值波浪水槽模型。仿真结果表明:增设气室后壁,合理设计波道开口角度实现多向迎波捕获波浪能,优化前壁形状可降低波浪触底反射带来的能量耗散,同时提高了气室内空气压强和出气口速度,有效提升波浪能俘获效率,为后续发电的二次能量转换提供高效的空气动力。     

Damming of large river by debris flow: Dynamic process and particle composition

The frequency and extent of debris flows have increased tremendously due to the extreme weather and the Wenchuan earthquake on May 12, 2008. Previous studies focused on the debris flow from gullies damming the mountain streams. In this paper, an equation for the run-out distance of debris flow in the main river is proposed based on the dynamic equation of debris flow at different slopes given by Takahashi. By undertaking field investigations and flume experiments, a new calculation method of the volume of debris flow damming large river is obtained. Using the percolation theory and the renormalization group theory it was deduced that the large particles should comprise more than 50% for forming a stable debris flow dam. Hence, the criteria of damming large river by debris flow is presented in terms of run-out distance and grain composition which was then validated through the event of damming river by debris flow at Gaojia gully, the upper reaches of the Minjiang River, Sichuan, China, on July 3, 2011.     

Measurement of trace nitrate concentrations in seawater by ion chromatography with valve switching

An ion chromatographic method with a valve switching facility was developed to determine trace nitrate concentrations in seawater using two pumps, two different suppressors, and two columns. A carbohydrate membrane desalter was used to reduce the high concentrations of sodium salts in samples. In this method, trace nitrate was eluted from the concentrator column to the analytical columns, while the matrix flowed to waste. Neither chemical pre-treatment nor sample dilution was required. In the optimized separation conditions, the method showed good linearity （R〉0,99） in the 0.05 and 50 mg/L concentration range, and satisfactory repeatability （RSD〈5%, n=6）. The limit of detection for nitrate was 0.02 mg/L. Results showed that the valve switching system was suitable and practical for the determination of trace nitrate in seawater.