Feasibility investigation on deep ocean compact autonomous Raman spectrometer developed for in-situ detection of acid radical ions

A newly developed Deep Ocean Compact Autonomous Raman Spectrometer(DOCARS) system is introduced and used for in-situ detection of acid radical ions in this paper. To evaluate the feasibility and capability of DOCARS for quantitative analysis of the acid radical ions in the deep ocean,extensive investigations have been carried out both in laboratory and sea trials during the development phase. In the laboratory investigations,Raman spectra of the prepared samples(acid radical ions solutions) were obtained,and analyzed using the method of internal standard normalization in data processing. The Raman signal of acid radical ions was normalized by that of water molecules. The calibration curve showed that the normalized Raman signal intensity of SO24 ˉ,NO ˉ 3,and HCO ˉ 3 increases linearly as the concentration rises with correlation coefficient R 2 of 0.99,0.99,and 0.98 respectively. The linear function obtained from the calibration curve was then used for the analysis of the spectra data acquired in the sea trial under a simulating chemical field in the deep-sea environment. It was found that the detected concentration of NO ˉ 3 according to the linear function can refl ect the concentration changes of NO ˉ 3 after the sample was released,and the detection accuracy of the DOCARS system for SO24 ˉ is 8%. All the results showed that the DOCARS system has great potential in quantitative detection of acid radical ions under the deep-sea environment,while the sensitivity of the DOCARS system is expected to be improved.     

Tolerance,oxygen consumption and ammonia excretion of Ophiopholis sarsii vadicola in different temperatures and salinities

There are more than 2000 species of brittle stars in the world. For most of them, many scientific questions including basic characteristics of eco-physiology are still unknown. In the present study, Ophiopholis sarsii vadicola acclimated at 15℃, salinity 31, were assessed for temperature and salinity tolerance. Its oxygen consumption and ammonia excretion were studied at different temperatures(5, 10, 15, 20, 25℃) and salinities(25, 30, 35). O. sarsii vadicola could tolerate 0–24℃ and no brittle star was dead in the salinity range of 19–48 in the experimental situation. Two-way ANOVA showed that the oxygen consumption and ammonia excretion normalized with both dry mass and wet mass, Q10, which is used to describe the temperature sensitivity of respiration, and moisture content were significantly affected by temperature and salinity, and the combined effects of the two factors were significant. Stepwise multiple regression analysis revealed that logarithmic oxygen consumption and ammonia excretion showed a significant positive relationship with logarithmic temperature and salinity. The logarithmic moisture content of the brittle stars showed an inverse relationship with logarithmic salinity, but a positive relationship with logarithmic temperature. This suggests that the tolerance of temperature and salinity of brittle stars is closely related to their living environment, and that the effects of temperature on oxygen consumption are more significant at higher salinity, and that the ammonia excretion is less affected by salinity at lower temperatures.     

Multi-temporal remote sensing data applied in automatic land cover update using iterative training sample selection and Markov Random Field model

Automatic land cover update was an effective means to obtain objective and timely land cover maps without human disturbance. This study investigated the efficacy of multi-temporal remote sensing data and advanced non-parametric classifier on improving the classification accuracy of the automatic land cover update approach integrating iterative training sample selection and Markov Random Fields model when the historical remote sensing data were unavailable. The results indicated that two-temporal remote sensing data acquired in one crop growth season could significantly improve the classification accuracy of the automatic land cover update approach by approximately 3–4%. However, the support vector machine (SVM) classifier was not suitable to be integrated in the automatic land cover update approach, because the huge initially selected training samples made the training of the SVM classifier unrealizable.     

中国地震预警延迟时间算法及其对预警盲区的影响研究

通过分析预警系统的预警步骤来探讨影响获得预警时间的因素,并与瑞士地震台网预警延迟各步骤进行对比,得出中国地震预警系统仪器延迟时间为7.6s。提出地震波到台站所需时间的算法,较震中假设在台站中间的传统算法更为准确,在此算法下采用双台法和四台法计算接收地震波所需时间,得到中国地震预警延迟时间。讨论双台法和四台法在不同震源深度和台站密度下对预警盲区大小的影响,在台间距小于20km时,2种方法预警盲区差异不大。通过理论计算得出,在台站到达一定密度时,预警系统仪器延迟时间缩短比台站加密对预警盲区的缩小更有效。     

Spectral Characteristics of Solar Flares in Different Chromospheric Lines and Their Implications

Using the spectral data of representative solar flares observed with the infrared detector system of the solar spectrograph at Purple Mountain Observatory, we study the spectroscopic characteristics of solar flares in the Hα, the Ca i i 8?542 Å, and the He i 10?830 Å lines in different phases and various locations of flares and discuss their possible implications coupled with space observations. Our results show that in the initial phase of a flare the Hα line displays a red shift only with no wide wing. Large broadenings of the Hα line are observed a few minutes after the flare onset within small regions of 3?–?5^′′ in both disk and limb flares with and without nonthermal processes. Far wings similar to those of damping broadening appear not only in the Hα line but in the He i 10?830 Å line as well in flares with nonthermal processes. Sometimes we even detect weak far-wing emission in the Ca i i 8?542 Å line in disk flares. Such large broadenings are observed in both the footpoints and the flare loop-top regions and possibly result from strong turbulence and/or macroscopic motions. Therefore, the so-called nonthermal wing of the Hα line profile is not a sufficient condition to distinguish whether nonthermal electrons are accelerated or not in a flare. The Ca i i 8?542 Å line shows lower intensity in the loop-top regions and higher intensity in the parts close to the solar surface. Emissions larger than nearby continuum in the He i 10?830 Å line are detected only in small regions with strong X-ray emissions and avoid sunspot umbrae.     

Evaluation of CMP AS precipitation products over Sichuan,China

高质量和高分辨率的降水产品在天气预报,数值模式模拟和气象防灾减灾方面起着重要的作用.本文利用四川地区高密度的地面降水传感器观测数据,比较CMPAS四种不同时空尺度的降水实况分析产品,评估CMPAS的融合准确性与在四川地区的适用性.研究表明:四种CMPAS降水产品都在四川盆地内精度较高,攀西地区和川西高原次之.随着降水量...     

基于Direct3D的光照机制研究

为增强三维场景的真实感,可通过为场景增加光照来实现。文中在光照应用理论的基础上,通过对Direct3D中光照机制的研究,探讨光照机制对光照效果产生的影响。通过实验提出平坦地面特殊灯光效果应用问题的解决方案,并就方案的运行效果和效率进行分析研究,对Direct3D的开发应用尤其是特殊灯光效果的应用具有一定的参考价值。     

Environmental ethics and regional sustainable development

The scientific environmental ethics plays a key role in the recognition of the human- environment interactions. Modern environmental ethics is the philosophical re-thinking of modern human race environmental behavior. The development of environmental ethics theory, as well as its application in reality, determines the viewpoints of environmental ethics. Sustainable development implies harmony on human-environment interactions and inter- generation responsibility, with emphasis on a harmonious relationship among population, resources, environment and development, so as to lay a sustainable and healthy foundation of resources and environment for future generations. The harmonious society construction in China that is raised by the Chinese central government should be covered by environmental ethics. The connotation of open environmental ethics includes a respect for nature, care for the individual human race, and respect for the development of future generations, which means giving consideration to natural values, individual and human race benefits and welfare across generations. The role of environmental ethics in regional development consists of cognition, criticism, education, inspiration, adjusting, legislation and promoting environmental regulations. The major problems in regional development are extensive resource exploration, fast population growth, irrational industrial structure, unfair welfare distribution and the twofold effects of science and technology development. The formulation of environmental ethics that aims at regional sustainable development, can not only harmonize the relationship of population, resource, environment and economic development, but also guide behavior selection, push social and political system transformation, strengthen the legal system, and raise environmental awareness of the public.     

长三角区域知识合作网络演化的空间特征

借助社会网络方法和动态演化的视角,对1991—2010年长三角16个地区间知识合作网络演化的空间特征进行考察,剖析了各时段内网络空间分布特征及空间格局、网络节点的空间驱动机制和区域知识合作的空间选择倾向。结果表明:长三角区域知识合作网络演化过程存在空间极化现象,以沪宁为轴线的苏南地区明显优于浙北地区;区域结网的空间驱动方式逐步由沪宁杭为主的大城市驱动向中小城市驱动转变;知识合作网络在空间上呈明显的核心-边缘格局并将长期存在。地理临近、行政区临近和知识规模临近是影响区际知识合作空间对象选择的主要因素。其中,知识规模临近的作用不断增强,而地理临近与行政区临近的作用则不断减弱。