全球增暖的另一可能原因初探

太阳是地球流体(大气和海洋等)运动的最终能量源,地球环境,尤其是气候的变化不能不与太阳活动有关.目前,普遍将全球增暖归结为温室气体含量增加所导致的温室效应的加剧,这无疑是有一定依据和有道理的.但从科学上来讲,人类活动所引起温室气体增加的影响,并非是唯一原因.基于已有的一些研究结果,从太阳活动的观点所进行的初步分析表明,太阳活动也可能是引起近世纪全球增暖的另一个重要原因.太阳活动的影响主要包括太阳辐射的直接影响和引发地磁场变化的间接影响两个方面,地球磁场的变化将可通过动力过程和热力过程而影响大气环流和气候的变化.     

内蒙古四子王旗黑脑包岩体年代学与地球化学特征及其构造演化

内蒙古四子王旗黑脑包岩体位于华北板块北缘早古生代增生造山带,主要由花岗闪长岩和花岗斑岩组成。对花岗闪长岩进行La-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb定年,获得四子王旗黑脑包侵入岩体的2个侵位年龄为407.4±4.7 Ma和268.0±2.7 Ma,分别代表洋陆俯冲事件以及陆陆碰撞事件年龄。岩石地球化学数据显示,四子王旗黑脑包岩体属钙碱性系列,逐步向低钾拉斑系列靠近,并且亏损高场强元素。同位素地质年龄及地球化学数据表明,样品具有同碰撞花岗岩特征。结合区域大地构造背景认为,四子王旗黑脑包地区主要构造背景为西伯利亚板块与华北板块之间俯冲、碰撞和对接过程,属古亚洲洋构造域,而后期的构造演化还有待进一步研究。     

Analysis of phenotypic and genetic parameters for growthrelated traits in the half smooth tongue sole, <Emphasis Type="Italic">Cynoglossus semilaevis</Emphasis>

Phenotypic and genetic parameters for growth-related traits in the half-smooth tongue sole, Cynoglossus semilaevis, were estimated in 22 full-sib families produced by normal and neo-male breeding stocks. As phenotypic males with female genotypes, neo-males are harmful in C. semilaevis aquaculture because they reduce overall production. The present study evaluated the difference in the growth-related traits: total length (TL), body weight (BW) and square root of body weight (SQ_BW) at the age of 570 days between normal and neo-male offspring (neo-males used as male parents). The difference in the proportion of females between normal and neo-male offspring was also assessed. Based on the linear mixed model, restricted maximum likelihood (REML) and best linear unbiased prediction (BLUP) were used to estimate various (co)variance components and estimated breeding values (EBVs) of growth-related traits. As a result, all the mean values of the three studied traits were significantly larger in normal offspring than in neo-male offspring. Additionally, the female proportion was significantly larger in normal offspring than in neo-male offspring. Heritability was 0.128±0.066 2 for TL, 0.128±0.065 5 for BW and 0.132±0.062 9 for SQ_BW, all of which were low level heritabilities. The correlation coefficients of EBVs and phenotypic values of the target traits were 0.516 for TL, 0.524 for BW and 0.506 for SQ_BW, all of which were highly significant (P <0.01). Genetic correlations among TL, BW and SQ_BW were positive high (0.921–0.969) and higher than those of phenotype (0.711–0.748), both of which had low standard errors (0.063–0.123 for genotype, and 0.010–0.018 for phenotype). Compared with normal offspring, neo-male offspring have lower breeding values for each studied trait through EBVs comparison. Therefore, neo-male offspring should not be used as broodstock in a C. semilaevis breeding programs.     

2011年4月江西降水异常偏少的初步诊断分析

利用1959-2011年北半球500 hPa高度格点资料、74项环流特征量资料和1974-2011年NOAA OLR月平均资料,结合江西83个气象观测站的1959-2011年4月降水资料,对2011年4月江西降水异常偏少成因进行了初步诊断分析.结果表明:江西省4月降水有一定的周期性,2011年4月降水处于少雨期;La ...     

高烈度区双洞隧道洞口段地震响应分析与振动台模型试验

强震作用下,隧道地下结构损伤严重,其中洞口段更是抗震的薄弱环节,但其影响规律和特点目前尚缺乏系统的计算分析和研究。以强震区扯羊隧道为例,首先采用FLAC^3D对双洞隧道洞口段地震响应进行分析,再用模型试验的方法进行洞口段模型试验,测量其地震响应应变规律,观测其震害发展情况,并与数值分析结果相互验证。结果表明:地震作用下,隧道仰拱横向位移较大;随着隧道埋深增加,内力逐步增加,其中墙角部位内力较大;洞口处隧道围岩在强震作用下会产生贯通性裂缝,影响隧道洞口稳定;地震作用下的明洞与暗洞交接处内力较大;地震作用下的双洞隧道之间存在较强的动力相互作用。     

高密度电法的三维数据场可视化

高密度电法是重要物探方法之一,由于它具有施工快捷、分辨率高、可靠性好、图像直观等优点,已被广泛应用于寻找金属非金属矿、地下水及各类工程地质勘察等众多领域.目前,该方法在数据资料处理方面还局限在二维图像.本文结合在山西阳泉复杂采空区利用高密度电法和高精度GPS测量联合勘察的工程实例,基于WinDisp软件平台,实现了高密度电法的三维数据场可视化,构建了视电阻率参数下的三维地质体结构模型,并且可以任意移动、旋转、切片、分层显示、实时显示真实地理坐标等.该模型客观、真实、形象地反映了电性异常的三维地质结构,为高分辨率预测复杂采空区的空间分布特征提供了直观、可靠的资料.     

鲜水河断裂带炉霍段的水平运动及地震的重复性研究

本文讨论了鲜水河活动断裂带炉霍段的水平断错、古地震遗迹与地震重复间隔等问题。晚更新世以来断裂的平均滑动速率为13毫米/年。全新世中期以来大震的重复间隔时间小于600年     

两项新技术及其在海水苗种生产中的应用

本文介绍了两项新技术，用泡沫净化空气、海水和生物效应灯，及其在海水苗种生产中的应用。文中分别讨论了它们的原理、设计安装及使用效果。希望这两项新技术能够得到推广，以提高出苗率，增加海水苗种生产的经济效益。     

TRANSVERSE STRUCTURES FEATURES OF DIFFERENT DEPTHS DERIVED FROM BOUGUER GRAVITY ANOMALIES IN THE SOUTHERN SEGMENT OF TAN-LU FAULT ZONE

To research the faults distribution and deep structures in the southern segment of Tan-Lu fault zone(TLFZ) and its adjacent area, this paper collects the Bouguer gravity data and makes separation by the multi-scale wavelet analysis method to analyze the crustal transverse structure of different depths. Meanwhile Moho interface is inversed by Parker variable density model. Research indicates that the southern segment of TLFZ behaves as a NNE-directed large-scale regional field gravity gradient zone, which separates the west North China-Dabie orogen block and the east Yangtze block, cutting the whole crust and lithosphere mantle. There are quite differences of density structures and tectonic features between both sides of this gradient belt. The sedimentary and upper crustal density structure is complex. The two east branches of TLFZ behave as linear gravity anomalous belt throughout the region, whereas the two west branches of TLFZ continue to extend after truncating the EW-trending gravity anomaly body. The lower crustal density structure is relatively simple. TLFZ behaves as a broad and gentle low abnormal belt, which reflects the Cretaceous-Paleogene extension environment caused graben structure. The two west branches of TLFZ, running through Hefei city, extend southward along the west margin of Feidong depression and pinch out in Shucheng area due to the high density trap occlusions in the south of Shucheng. The Feizhong Fault, Liu'an-Hefei Fault, and Feixi-Hanbaidu Fault intersect the two west branch faults of TLFZ without extending to the east. Recent epicenters are mainly located in conversion zones between the high-density and the low-density anomaly, especially in TLFZ and the junction of the faults, where earthquakes frequently occurred in the upper and middle crust. As strong earthquakes rarely occur in the southern segment of TLFZ, considering its deep feature of abrupt change of the Moho and intersections with many EW-trending faults, the hazard of strong earthquake cannot be ignored.     

巢湖微囊藻毒素异构体组成的时空分布特征及影响因子

有害蓝藻释放微囊藻毒素（MCs）,严重威胁饮用水源地用水安全.为了解巢湖MCs污染状况及其异构体组成对水质的影响,于2012年夏季（8月）和秋季（11月）,2013年冬季（2月）和春季（5月）进行采样分析,研究了巢湖水体中胞内微囊藻毒素（IMCs）和胞外微囊藻毒素（EMCs）异构体的时空分布及其与环境因子的关系.结果发现,IMCs和EMCs的平均浓度变化范围分别为0.12~6.45 μg/L和0.69~1.92 μg/L.在3种常见的异构体中,MC-RR和MC-LR比例较高,MC-YR最低,MC-RR和MC-LR是巢湖水体中MCs的主要异构体类型.IMCs和EMCs的异构体浓度及其比例呈现不同的时空分布特征.微囊藻生物量、水温、总磷浓度是影响IMCs和EMCs异构体浓度及其组成变化的关键环境因子.本研究表明巢湖富营养化严重的西湖区夏季能合成更多的MC-RR异构体,而秋、冬季节偏向于释放生理毒性更强的MC-LR异构体.了解MCs异构体组成变化及其关键影响因素,有助于预测预警水体MCs污染状况和评估饮用水源地MCs风险.