黄秉维地理学术思想及其实践——纪念黄秉维院士诞辰九十周年

在中国现代地理学的历程中,黄秉维院士为推动我国现代地理学的发展,促进地理学研究水平的提高,作出了卓越贡献。黄秉维地理学术思想突出地理学学科的基础性,始终抓住地理学综合性和区域性的特点,不断开拓并指导地理学的许多综合工作。他强调地理学服务于经济建设的战略性与实践性,重视理论与实践相结合,主张地理学要为农业服务,面向生产实践;他积极引入新思想、新技术和新方法,以创新思维推动地理学的深化研究,开拓了实验地理学研究的新方向;他密切注视国际地理学研究的动向和趋势,提倡自然科学与社会科学间的交叉,重视全球环境变化及其影响以及中国区域可持续发展的研究;他提出以陆地系统科学为地理学发展的战略方向,具有鲜明的前瞻性。黄秉维地理学术思想和研究实践,是中国现代地理学的宝贵财富,将继续指引中国地理学的创新与发展,为中国的现代化建设和人类家园的美好未来做出积极的贡献     

城市土地定级综合评价模型及其计算模型

城市土地定级综合评定是一项十分复杂的系统工程。本文选用模糊数学中多级综合评判的原理和方法,建立了城市土地定级的两级综合评价模型及评价指标。通过综合评定,可分选出与城市开发建设相适应的土地分类级别,为城市土地转让估价提供了定量依据。     

环境工程地质质量多级模糊综合评判的基本思想与步骤

环境工程地质质量综合评价是一个复杂的系统工程。影响质量评价的因素众多而又十分复杂,且各因素的影响程度也不相同,质量优劣的分级界线亦是模糊的。本文仅就采用多级模糊综合评判的方法,考虑多个因素的综合作用,对环境工程地质质量进行评价的基本思想途径与步骤方法,作一初步论述。此方法清晰、易用,能使更多影响质量评价的因素真实参与评判。这是一条环境工程地质质量评价由定性走向定量的有效途径,值得探索。     

Mass balance and near-surface ice temperature structure of Baishui Glacier No.1 in Mt. Yulong

The accumulation and ablation of a glacier directly reflect its mass income and wastage, and ice temperature indicates glacier＇s climatic and dynamic conditions. Glaciological studies at Baishui Glacier No.1 in Mt. Yulong are important for estimating recent changes of the cryosphere in Hengduan Mountains. Increased glacier ablation and higher ice temperatures can cause the incidents of icefall. Therefore, it is important to conduct the study of glacier mass balance and ice temperature, but there are few studies in relation to glacier＇s mass balance and active-layer temperature in China＇s monsoonal temperate glacier region. Based on the field observations of mass balance and glacier temperature at Baishui Glacier No.1, its accumulation, ablation, net balance and near-surface ice temperature structure were analyzed and studied in this paper. Results showed that the accumulation period was ranged from October to the following mid-May, and the ablation period occurred from mid-May to October, suggesting that the ablation period of temperate glacier began about 15 days earlier than that of continental glaciers, while the accumulation period began about 15 days later. The glacier ablation rate was 6.47 cm d 1 at an elevation of 4600 m between June 23 and August 30, and it was 7.4 cm d 1 at 4800 m between June 26 and July 11 in 1982, moreover, they respectively increased to 9.2 cm d 1 and 10.8 cm d 1 in the corresponding period and altitude in 2009, indicating that glacier ablation has greatly intensified in the past years. The temperature of the main glacier body was close to melting point in summer, and it dropped from the glacier surface and reached a minimum value at a depth of 4-6 m in the ablation zone. The temperature then rose to around melting point with the depth increment. In winter, the ice temperature rose gradually with the increasing depth, and close to melting point at the depth of 10 m. Compared with the data from 1982, the glacier temperature has risen in the ablation zone in recent decades.     

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青藏高原自然地理研究的进展

本文综述青藏高原自然地理研究所取得的主要进展,诸如晚新生代以来高原剧烈抬升引起的自然环境巨大变化,上新世的古地理环境和高原隆起,湖泊和水系的演变,第四纪冰川作用,全新世古地理环境演化以及高原隆起对自然环境和过程的影响等。指出了青藏高原具有的独特自然环境类型和特征,阐述了山地垂直自然带谱类型的比较研究,三维空间的地域分异,自然区划以及对独特地生态现象和区域的研究成果。     

安徽省跨国拐卖妇女犯罪的时空分异与形成机制

基于“中国裁判文书网”获取的2008―2022年跨国拐入安徽省的拐卖妇女犯罪案例数据,综合运用空间分析等方法,分析安徽省跨国拐卖妇女犯罪的群体特征、时空分异和形成机制。结果表明：1）群体特征差异显著,其中作案人以31～50岁的青壮年男性为主,文化水平较低,且以汉族、苗族居多;被害人主要来自越南,且以介绍工作赚钱为由被拐骗为主,案发后多被遣返原籍或自愿留下;收买人主要为适婚年龄的单身男性及其父母,文化水平多为初中及以下。2）时间演变上,安徽省跨国拐卖妇女犯罪整体呈“峰”型变化趋势,经历波动低发—起伏增长—急速回落3个阶段,发生态势主要受人口政策、打拐力度、网站平台发展等因素的影响。3）空间分布上,拐出地主要为越、缅、柬、老4国和云南、广东、安徽等省份;中转省呈弧状分布,中转市“邻界”特征显著;拐入地集中在皖北和皖中,其中拐入市呈“南北平行双弧”向东辐射扩散,拐入县则呈皖北散状点型与皖南“抱团式”的差异空间格局,地理邻近选择倾向明显,且拐入县呈“单片―扩散―汇聚”的热点变化趋势;拐卖路径上,形成“越南―云南省文山州―马鞍山市含山县”和“柬埔寨―江西省景德镇市―合肥市庐江县”等主要路径,呈现...     

Patterns and cellular mechanisms of arm regeneration in adult starfish Asterias rollestoni bell

To understand the mechanisms of starfish regeneration, the arms of adult starfish Asterias rollestoni Bell were amputated and their regeneration patterns and cellular mechanisms were studied. It was found that cells in the outer epidermis and inner parietal peritoneum near the end of the stump began to dedifferentiate 4 d after amputation. The dedifferentiated cells in the outer epidermis proliferated,migrated to the wound site and formed a thickened pre-epidermis which would then re-differentiate gradually...     

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