新一代油菜菌核病气象指标初探

受气候变化、油菜品种及种植技术改变等影响,现行的油菜菌核病气象指标已不能满足生产和科研的需要.采用数理统计分析、田间试验、大田调查等方法,并结合相关科研成果,进行新一代油菜菌核病气象指标的初步探讨.结果表明,油菜菌核病的发病初日应提前至2月1日,日平均空气相对湿度大于80%时有利于菌核病的发生.     

首都机场平流雾特征分析与预报

对2007年2月21日造成首都机场大面积进出港航班延误及取消的平流大雾过程进行了天气形势、物理量场的特征分析,并与2000年1月16日一次典型的平流雾过程进行对比分析,进而对首都机场2000—2007年所有平流雾过程进行统计、对比分析,力图找出平流雾天气的特征。最终总结提出了首都机场平流雾预报的着眼点：在符合大雾产生的弱天气形势下,管区东南部存在大片雾区时,如果通县及首都机场均在凌晨出现暖平流导致的地面异常增温或温度长时间维持不变,加之本场风向转为偏东风或东南风,就应考虑平流雾产生。     

Rock-physics-based carbonate pore type characterization and reservoir permeability heterogeneity evaluation, Upper San Andres reservoir, Permian Basin, west Texas

The use of the shear wave velocity data as a field index for evaluating the liquefaction potential of sands is receiving increased attention because both shear wave velocity and liquefaction resistance are similarly influenced by many of the same factors such as void ratio, state of stress, stress history and geologic age. In this paper, the potential of support vector machine (SVM) based classification approach has been used to assess the liquefaction potential from actual shear wave velocity data. In this approach, an approximate implementation of a structural risk minimization (SRM) induction principle is done, which aims at minimizing a bound on the generalization error of a model rather than minimizing only the mean square error over the data set. Here SVM has been used as a classification tool to predict liquefaction potential of a soil based on shear wave velocity. The dataset consists the information of soil characteristics such as effective vertical stress (σ′_v0), soil type, shear wave velocity (V_s) and earthquake parameters such as peak horizontal acceleration (a_max) and earthquake magnitude (M). Out of the available 186 datasets, 130 are considered for training and remaining 56 are used for testing the model. The study indicated that SVM can successfully model the complex relationship between seismic parameters, soil parameters and the liquefaction potential. In the model based on soil characteristics, the input parameters used are σ′_v0, soil type, V_s, a_max and M. In the other model based on shear wave velocity alone uses V_s, a_max and M as input parameters. In this paper, it has been demonstrated that Vs alone can be used to predict the liquefaction potential of a soil using a support vector machine model.     

内蒙古敖仑花斑岩铜钼矿床花岗岩类地质地球化学特征

敖仑花斑岩铜钼矿床位于大兴安岭南段西拉木伦河断裂北侧,矿床赋存于花岗闪长斑岩岩体及长英质角岩中.矿区脉岩发育,多形成于花岗闪长斑岩体及成矿之后.岩石地球化学表明,赋矿斑岩具有高Si、富Al、Na,低Ca、Mg和Fe2OT3,A/CNK值小于1.1等特征,为偏钠质的高钾钙碱性Ⅰ型花岗岩;稀土元素具微弱负Eu异常,轻重稀土分异比较明显,LREE/HREE值在11.43～18.33,LaN/YbN值在14.64～37.55;岩石具高Sr(＞400×10-6),低Y(≤18×10-6)和Yb(≤1.9×10-6),显示出典型的埃达克岩特征.矿区后期的脉岩中,流纹斑岩与赋矿斑岩的地球化学特征差别较大,具有低Sr,高Y和Yb,明显的负Eu异常等特征,反映其构造背景为张性环境;英安斑岩具有弱的负Eu异常,轻重稀土分异度高于流纹斑岩,但略低于花岗闪长斑岩.通过分析矿区花岗岩岩类的地球化学特征及形成构造环境,认为敖仑花铜钼矿床具有有利的成矿条件和很大的找矿潜力.     

Variation in foliar δN among oriental oak (Quercus variabilis) stands over eastern China: Patterns and interactions

The patterns of variation in natural abundance of foliar and soil (¹⁵N) (expressed as δ¹⁵N) related to geographical and climatic variables frequently vary over plant species or plant function groups. It is essential to identify the pattern of foliar δ¹⁵N for specific plant species which has a widespread distribution and to explore the underlying mechanisms in the context of environmental change such as global warming and anthropogenic nitrogen deposition. Oriental oak (Quercus variabilis Bl.), characterized by cork bark, is a widely distributing deciduous broadleaf tree species that can be found in temperate and subtropical areas of East Asia. In this study, the variations in foliar and soil ¹⁵N were investigated based on the data of leaf and soil samples collected in 22 stands over eastern China (from 24 to 41° N in latitude and 102 to 123° E in longitude), and the mechanisms were discussed. The results showed that for oriental oak stands, mean foliar and soil δ¹⁵N were − 4.8‰ and 2.0‰, respectively, indicating an evident ¹⁵N enrichment in the soils. The average foliar δ¹⁵N value of oriental oak in warm temperate forest was significantly lower (p < 0.01), while a higher enrichment factor was also observed in temperate forests, than that in the subtropical areas. Over the eastern China, the foliar δ¹⁵N increased linearly and significantly with increasing mean annual precipitation (MAP) (R² = 0.481 and p < 0.001) and mean annual temperature (MAT) (R² = 0.285 and p = 0.01) and decreasing pH value of rain water (R² = 0.333 and p = 0.005). With these results in eastern China, there are great implications in understanding how nitrogen dynamics of ecosystems responds to warming, drought and acid rain.     

Hydrogeochemistry of three watersheds (the Erlqis, Zhungarer and Yili) in northern Xinjiang, NW China

In the arid region of northern Xinjiang, one of the least-studied areas in China, three watersheds, namely those of the Yili, Zhungarer and Erlqis, have become the focus of attention due to rapidly increasing human population and water demands. The hydrogeochemistry of natural water from the three watersheds was investigated. The ionic chemistry of natural waters from these watersheds changes considerably on a regional scale. The waters are neutral to alkaline in nature and most of them are soft-fresh waters. The total dissolved solid (TDS) varies over two orders of magnitude with a mean value of 580 mg/L, about 1.2 times and 4.6 times those of the Huanghe (Yellow River) and the world spatial median, respectively, but only 40% and 0.8% of those of the Tarim and the western Alashan watersheds, respectively. Much of the solutes and physicochemical parameters in these waters are under the highest desirable limits of the World Health Organization (WHO) for drinking purpose and a plot of sodium adsorption ratio versus EC shows that most waters are of good water quality for irrigation. Water-rock interaction and saturation index (SI) for selected minerals are evaluated. The SI of these natural waters is out of equilibrium (undersaturated) with respect to major carbonates (calcite and dolomite) and evaporites (gypsum and halite). The high concentrations of alkali earth metals, alkalinity and the high (Ca + Mg)/(Na + K) and Na/Cl ratios indicate that the release of major solutes in these waters is controlled largely by dissolution processes of carbonate and partly by silicate weathering, while, cation exchange reactions, soil-salt leaching and evaporation processes also play an important role. The effects of local pollution are minimal in the montane and piedmont areas of these watersheds but are significant in the oases and central areas of the drainage basins.     

长江口表层沉积物孢粉相特征及其在碳循环中的意义

选自长江口F2-F5站住的4个表层沉积物及其粒度分级（1～8Ф）样品,经过孢粉相和热解检测,探讨有机质特征及其在碳循环中的命运。未分级样品的孢粉相主要由木质组织、丝炭和黑团块组成,显示陆地输入有机质的贡献巨大。样品分级后,孢粉相面貌发生显著变化。细粒的8函中无定形为主,其他粒级（2～7Ф）中主要由结构有机质组成。细粒的...     

煤矿安全培训过程的计算机仿真研究

在煤矿开采过程中,降低事故风险和杜绝煤矿瓦斯爆炸隐患是当今煤矿生产行业的首要任务之一。对煤矿管理人员和井下作业人员进行安全生产和防灾、避灾知识和技能的培训也是必不可少的,而计算机仿真培训不失为一种好的方法。针对上述问题,通过研究现有安全培训系统所存在的问题,基于Visual C＋＋开发工具,研发了煤矿矿井安全培训的计算机仿真系统,实现了井下巷道系统模块、虚拟井下瓦斯模拟系统模块和工作安全培训模块等一系列功能,该系统在煤矿安全培训方面有着广阔的应用前景。     

Analysis on dam-breaking mode of Tangjiashan barrier dam in Beichuan county

Tangjiashan landslide is a typical high-speed consequent landslide of medium-steep dip angle. This landslide triggered by earthquake took place in about semi-minute. The relative sliding displacement is 900 meters, so average sliding speed is about 30 meters per second. The longitudinal length of barrier dam which is formed by high-speed landslide along river is 803.4 meters; and maximum width crossing river is 611.8 meters. And its volume is estimated about 20.37 million steres. Through detailed geological investigation of the barrier dam, together with early geological information before earthquake, geological structures of the barrier dam and its stability of upstream and downstream slopes are studied when water level reaches different elevations in condition of continual after shocks with seismic intensity of 7 or 8 Richter scale. On this basis, dam-breaking mode of barrier dam is discussed deeply. Thereby, analytic results provide significant guidance and advices to front headquarters of Tangjiashan barrier dam, so that some proper engineering measures can be implemented and flood discharge can be carried out well.     

全球气候变化背景下贵州草海湿地极端降水特征

利用逐日降水量资料,选取8个降水指数,采用趋势分析、相关性分析等方法,对2000—2016年贵州草海湿地极端降水特征进行分析。结果表明:21世纪以来,草海湿地降水量总体呈上升趋势。雨季、旱季降水量占年降水量比例的均值分别为87.3%和12.7%。四季降水量占年降水量比例的区间,春季为8.5%—29.8%,夏季为8.7%—65.1%,秋季为0.9%—38.7%,冬季为0.9%—4.9%。暴雨日数最大值为5 d,暴雨日降水量接近400 mm,两者变化均呈显著上升趋势;连续有雨日数和连续有雨日数≥10 d发生次数的均值分别为14 d和2次;连续无雨日数和连续无雨日数≥10 d的发生次数均值分别为15 d和3次。日最大降水量、暴雨日降水量和连续有雨日降水量三类极端降水指数均值分别为67.0、109.3和115.0 mm,占年降水量比例的均值为7.9%、11.7%和13.3%,比例区间分别为5.4%—13.3%、0—30.4%和7.2%—23.6%。