基于分段模拟的岩石蠕变模型

为了更好地实现对岩石蠕变特性的描述,基于岩石蠕变的阶段特征,提出分段模拟岩石蠕变的建模思路。应用变分数阶微积分改进的软体元件与弹簧串联得到改进的Maxwell模型实现对岩石稳定蠕变阶段的模拟;同时基于应变触发方式改进蠕变体元件实现对岩石非稳定蠕变阶段的模拟。综合改进的Maxwell模型与改进的蠕变体元件构建一个新的三元件蠕变模型。应用岩盐典型蠕变曲线数据对三元件蠕变模型进行了验证。结果显示构建的三元件蠕变模型可以很好地模拟岩盐的三阶段蠕变,分段模拟思路是可靠的。     

岩石圈流变性与沉积盆地以辽西-辽北-松辽盆地区为例

岩石圈流变性取决于岩石圈的地热状态、物质组成和结构,并量化为岩石圈总强度。沉积盆地的沉降和抬升是地球最上层流变带形变的响应,岩石圈板块对构造应力的响应在很大程度上取决于岩石圈流变性在横向和纵向上的不均一性。辽西、辽北、松辽盆地区岩石圈流变性存在明显差异,因而岩石圈总强度明显不同,在晚中生代伸展过程中,变形方式、变形幅度不同,分别形成了断陷盆地、多断少坳型盆地和断坳型盆地。     

The Fault Block''s Framework in Boli Basin and its Control Over the Deposition

Boli basin, between Yishu fracture belt and Dunmi fracture belt, is the biggest Mesozoic coal basin in the east of Heilongjiang Province. Now it is a fault - fold remnant basin. The basin' s shape is generally consistent with the whole distribution of the cover folds, an arc protruding southwards. The basement of the basin can be divided into three fault blocks or structural units. The formation and evoluation of the basin in Mesozoic was determined by the basement fault blocks' displacement features rusulted from by the movement of the edge faults and the main basement faults.     

春季禁渔期间长江下游鱼虾蟹类物种多样性变动(2001-2004年)

长江春禁期4-6月间,下游江段渔获中出现鱼、虾、蟹共12目、30科、81种.安徽、江苏江段年间物种多样性指数明显上升并趋于稳定,其中Shannon—Wiener(H’与H”)在1.593—2.563范围内呈上升并趋于稳定、Margalef在0.866—2.755范围内呈明显上升、Pielou、Simpson和McNaughton指数在窄幅波动中趋于稳定,波动范围分别为0.717—0.827;0.120—0.269;0.365—0.616.河口区多样性指数正处于波动中,Simpson和McNaughton指数分别从0.195升至0.315;从0.534升至0.758,并有继续上升的趋势.各江段年间捕捞证发放数与ShannonH’的回归分析表明两者呈负相关线型关系.     

Coupled Model of Two-phase Debris Flow, Sediment Transport and Morphological Evolution

The volume fraction of the solid and liquid phase of debris flows,which evolves simultaneously across terrains,largely determines the dynamic property of debris flows. The entrainment process significantly influences the amplitude of the volume fraction. In this paper,we present a depth-averaged two-phase debris-flow model describing the simultaneous evolution of the phase velocity and depth,the solid and fluid volume fractions and the bed morphological evolution. The model employs the Mohr–Coulomb plasticity for the solid stress,and the fluid stress is modeled as a Newtonian viscous stress. The interfacial momentum transfer includes viscous drag and buoyancy. A new extended entrainment rate formula that satisfies the boundary momentum jump condition(Iverson and Ouyang,2015) is presented. In this formula,the basal traction stress is a function of the solid volume fraction and can take advantage of both the Coulomb and velocity-dependent friction models. A finite volume method using Roe's Riemann approximation is suggested to solve the equations. Three computational cases are conducted and compared with experiments or previous results. The results show that the current computational model and framework are robust and suitable for capturing the characteristics of debris flows.     

Deep Processes of Basin Evolution:A Case Study of the Southern Songliao Basin and Adjacent Area,NE China in Mesozoic-Cenozoic

1IntroductionOne of the key factors related to basin geody-namics is deep process controlling formation and evolution of sedimentary basin. Depth and tempera-ture of asthenosphere,existence of mantle plume,occurrence of mantle melting,and amounts of melts under depressurization during thinning of lithosphere are controlling factors influenced formation and characteristics of extensional basin directly (Li,1994). Rifting is probably governed by frictional forces exerted on the base of litho…     

陆相层序地层学进展

陆相层序地层学是层序地层学发展的一个重要方向.由于陆相地层的特点,其与海相层序地层相比具有特殊性.本文从层序的控制因素、层序界面、基准面、体系域与沉积体系的发育、层序地层与模拟技术和全球对比意义等方面回顾了陆相层序地层学的进展并讨论了陆相层序地层学的特点。     

“9·07”彝良地震诱发次生山地灾害调查及减灾建议

2012年"9·07"彝良地震诱发大量的次生山地灾害,包括崩塌、滚石、滑坡、泥石流等。其中,崩塌、滚石不仅造成了大量人员伤亡和房屋损毁,也阻塞了救援道路,严重延缓了救援进度。且由于地震及余震多次往复作用,造成大部分山体稳定性降低,在未来几年甚至几十年,山地灾害将进入频发期,灾害链[滚石、崩塌、滑坡-泥石流-堵江(堰塞湖)-溃坝(洪水、更大规模泥石流)]表现将尤为突出。通过地震后对彝良县城洛泽河镇地震重灾区展开次生山地灾害调查,提出震区次生山地灾害的减灾建议。     

松辽盆地白垩纪湖侵沉积层序与湖海沟通事件的地球化学记录

松辽白垩纪近海陆相盆地最大湖侵期的泉头组一嫩江组时期,可能发生了三次较大规模的海水入侵事件,时间分别为泉三、四段一青一段(阿尔布期),青二、三段顶部(土仑期)和嫩一、二段(晚桑托一早坎佩尼期)。海水注入使湖盆的水文地球化学和环境地球化学条件均发生改变,并在层序中留下沉积记录。海进期主要表现为:①重同位素组份增加,直至与同期海相层序的同位素组成相同;②介质的盐度指标(Sr/Ba)、碱度指标(Ca+Mg)/(Si+Al)、还原性指标(Zn+Ni)/Ga和硫通量指标(S归-化含量)均系统增加。相反,海退期则上述指标显著降低。根据沉积层序的同位素组成、同期海水的同位素组成和同位素分馏的质量平衡关系,可求出研究层段内同位素的海水来源与淡水来源的比例(混合度)为0-5。并由此恢复出海平面升降曲线。     

Effects of defense-structure system for bridge piers on two-phase debris flow wakes

Acta Geotechnica - Defense structures are commonly constructed on the upstream side of bridge piers to mitigate the impact of potential debris-flow events. In this study, field investigations were...