四川省冰雹分布与地形因子关系分析

利用四川省数字高程模型(DEM)和1970—2014年四川省143个气象站点45年冰雹资料,使用相关分析、逐步回归、数字地形分析和分区统计等方法,研究了四川省冰雹分布与地形高程、坡度、坡向、经纬度、地形起伏度及地形切割深度的关系。研究结果表明:四川省冰雹分布有明显的地理分布特征,地形高程、经度、地形起伏度及西北偏西坡向等地形因子是四川省冰雹分布的主要影响因子。建立冰雹与主要地形影响因子的回归方程,模拟四川省冰雹空间分布,结果显示模拟值与实际值分布趋势一致,但模拟数据整体偏小。     

夏季辽东湾西部海域大型底栖动物群落结构与多样性

为了解夏季辽东湾西部海域大型底栖动物群落结构与多样性,作者于2009年8月对六股河口外海域15个站位进行了大型底栖动物调查。整个研究海域共采到大型底栖动物124种,其总平均丰度为(2824±1537)个/m2,总平均生物量为(22.01±38.58)g/m2。利用相对重要性指数和优势度指数所确定的前三位优势种一致,分别为二齿半尖额涟虫(Hemileucon bidentatus)、深钩毛虫(Sigambra bassi)和独指虫(Aricidea fragilis),其余优势种存在细微差异。各站位香农-维纳多样性指数、Pielou均匀度指数和Margalef丰富度指数均呈现河口和中部海域低,近岸和外围海域高的分布规律。在50%相似度水平上,可将研究海域划分为4个群落。研究结果表明:研究海域底栖环境整体清洁,底层水环境因子对大型底栖动物群落的影响较弱。     

The Eltanin asteroid impact: possible South Pacific palaeomegatsunami footprint and potential implications for the Pliocene–Pleistocene transition

Large asteroid impacts are rare, and those into the deep ocean are rarer still. The Eltanin asteroid impact around 2.51 ± 0.07 Ma occurred at a time of great climatic and geological change associated with the Pliocene–Pleistocene boundary. Numerical models of the event indicate that a megatsunami was generated, although there is debate concerning its magnitude and the region‐wide extent of its influence. We summarise the existing evidence for possible Eltanin megatsunami deposits in Antarctica, Chile and New Zealand, while also examining other potential sites from several locations, mainly around the South Pacific region. In reviewing these data we note that these events were unfolding at the same time as those associated with the Pliocene–Pleistocene boundary and, as such, most of the geological evidence from that time has a climatic interpretation. The potential climatic and geological ramifications of the Eltanin asteroid impact, however, have failed to be considered by most researchers studying this time period. Although we are not advocating that all geological activity at that time is connected with the Eltanin asteroid impact, it raises interesting questions about the role potentially played by such catastrophic events in contributing to or even triggering epochal transitions. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

储液罐液—固—土耦合非线性翘离振动分析

本文考虑液固耦联及底板几何非线性与土壤弹性，建立了液－固－土耦合的储液罐翘离分析力学模型。算例表明，恢复力矩与翘离角之间的关系可以表达为分段线性，翘离将使地震响应增大。     

宏观生态环境遥感监测系统总体设计与关键技术

宏观生态环境遥感监测系统是基于环境遥感监测应用技术的软件实现.本文重点介绍了宏观生态环境遥感监测系统的总体结构设计、业务流程设计和核心功能设计,以及模型转换与实现技术、实时投影转换技术与以文件和数据库相结合的数据管理技术、基于XML的数据实时交换技术、产品自动化生产技术等关键技术,并给出了系统的应用实例.系统应用结果表...     

渤海风暴减水特征及其对深水航路影响的数值模拟

利用环渤海9个沿岸站近10a潮位资料分析渤海海域的风暴减水特征,结果表明:渤海年均出现50cm和100cm风暴减水分别超过30d和6d,每年的9月至翌年4月份风暴减水最为频繁;建立了一套精细化天文潮-风暴潮耦合模型用于渤海深水航路的潮位预报,各站天文潮模拟验证的平均均方根误差为18.5cm,由此计算得到航路代表点的潮汐特征值并作潮汐预报;后报模拟了近10a重大风暴减水过程,模拟与实测吻合较好,说明该耦合模型可为该航路的潮位预报提供有益参考。     

小体积萃取-石墨炉原子吸收法测定高纯硝酸钡中纳克级重金属元素

本文研究了石墨炉原子吸收光谱法测定高纯硝酸钡中超痕量重金属元素的分析技术。提出在大量钡基体存在时,采用小体积萃取体系APDC-MIBK同时萃取纳克级的Fe、Cu、Co和Ni。该法具有灵敏度高、无干扰、操作方便和减少沾污等特点。方法检出限为:Fe 7.2ng/g、Cu 12.8ng/g、Co 4.4ng/g和Ni 6.7ng/g。应用于红外光纤原料硝酸钡、硝酸铝中痕量重金属的测定,效果良好。     

测井地质学前世、今生与未来——写在《测井地质学·第二版》出版之时

测井地质学以地质学和测井学的方法理论为指导,综合运用各种测井信息,来解决基础地质和石油地质的地质问题。经过数十年发展,测井地质学在油气勘探开发各个环节得到广泛应用。非常规油气的兴起使得测井地质学正面临多重挑战和全新探索,亟需建立针对非常规油气的测井地质学综合方法理论体系。本文以《测井地质学·第二版》出版为契机,系统归纳了测井地质学的起源及发展历程、主要研究内容和研究方法流程。然后总结了测井资料与地震、地质信息的匹配性,并分析了不同探测特性测井方法纵向分辨率区间特征。在此基础上评述了测井地质学在井旁构造解析、沉积学特征研究、层序地层划分、地应力方向判别及大小计算、井壁裂缝识别与评价、烃源岩评价以及非常规油气“七性关系”综合评价当中的应用。但由于测井资料的负载能力有限性、测井与地质信息属性不对应性以及测井资料本身的多解性,使得测井地质学在测井—地质转换、非常规油气测井评价及其与人工智能融合方面还存在一定的问题。因此加强基础岩石物理研究,挖掘测井曲线中包含的地质信息,并与人工智能相结合,将拓展测井地质学研究的精度和广度,从而使其未来可更好地应用至非常规油气测井评价等实践工作中。     

柴北缘-东昆仑地区的造山型金矿床

柴北缘－东昆仑是中国西部秦祁昆褶皱山系的一部分，它的显生宙造山经历了加里东和晚华力西－印支两个旋回，并以多岛洋／裂陷槽、软碰撞和多旋回造山为特点。该区已发现多个造山型金矿床，它们具有相似的地质－地球化学特征。有两组成矿年龄：一是是加里东期（相当于加里东造山晚期）；二是晚华力西－印支期（处于该造山旋回晚期）。前期为性地中地壳顶部－上地壳底部的金矿化，后期则形成于较浅层次（1．2－5．7km）的金矿体侵位自区域北部向南部，矿床元素组合由Au-As向Au-Sb转化，金矿成矿年龄由老变新，成矿深度相应变浅。研究认为，与碰撞有关的热事件以及逐步升高地热增温率，驱动被加热的建造水和大气降水流体沿碰撞带和大型剪切等长距离地迁移、活动，并淋取围岩的成矿元素，形成含金流体。在进入到矿床或矿体构造后，由于构造性质转换，物理化学条件亦随之改变，含金流体沉淀，形成金矿体。这些金矿形成于造山晚期，是造山作用的产物，后者为前者提供了空间、热－动力条件。     

Behavior of soil plugs in open‐ended model piles driven into sands

Calibration chamber tests were conducted on open‐ended model piles driven into dried siliceous sands with different soil conditions in order to clarify the effect of soil conditions on load transfer mechanism in the soil plug. The model pile used in the test series was devised so that the bearing capacity of an open‐ended pile could be measured as three components: outside shaft resistance, plug resistance, and tip resistance. Under the assumption that the unit shaft resistance due to pile‐soil plug interaction varies linearly near the pile tip, the plug resistance was estimated. The plug capacity, which was defined as the plug resistance at ultimate condition, is mainly dependent on the ambient lateral pressure and relative density. The length of wedged plug that transfers the load decreases with the decrease of relative density, but it is independent of the ambient pressure and penetration depth. Under several assumptions, the value of earth pressure coefficient in the soil plug can be calculated. It gradually reduces with increase in the longitudinal distance from the pile tip. At the bottom of the soil plug, it tends to decrease with increase in the penetration depth and relative density, and to increase with the increase of ambient pressure. This may be attributed to (1) the decrease of friction angle as a result of increase in the effective vertical stress, (2) the difference in the dilation degree of the soil plug during driving with ambient pressures, and (3) the difference in compaction degree of soil plug during driving with relative densities. Based on the test results, an empirical equation was suggested to compute the earth pressure coefficient to be used in the calculation of plug capacity using one‐dimensional analysis, and it produces proper plug capacities for all soil conditions.