阵列声波处理技术的研究与应用

本文将根据在声学解释处理技术方面的研究成果,有侧重地介绍高分辨率阵列声波提取技术、频散校正技术、利用斯通利波同时反演地层渗透性和各向异性的阵列声波处理技术,同时还将详细的阐述这些特殊处理技术的基本原理和具体的实现办法,并通过一些实际应用的例子来证明这些特殊处理技术的有效性和先进性.     

采用多项式拟合修正法提高CCD垂线仪的测量精度

通过分析CZ型CCD垂线坐标仪的标定数据,提出了使用3段2次多项式拟合修正法减小仪器非线性误差,提高测量精度的方法。在实际应用中明显提高了该产品的测量精度。     

Investigations and assessment of the landslide hazards of Fengdu county in the reservoir region of the Three Gorges project on the Yangtze River

The spatial database of landslides in Fengdu County of the reservoir region of the Three Gorges project (TGP) on the Yangtze River was compiled from a variety of different sources including field investigations on landslides, existing catalogues and archives on landslides, reports of meteorological events and human engineering activities that triggered slope failures. The major factors that are found to have affected the slope stabilities are outlined, and an assessment and zonation of landslide hazards of the region is made using an integrated information model, which is divided into destructive, disastrous, likely disastrous and essentially non-disastrous areas from the assessment of landslide hazards. The destructive and disastrous areas are respectively 1.9 and 13.8% of the total region, mostly being nearby townships, highways along the south bank of the Yangtze River and residential quarters along two flanks of the Yangtze River and its distributaries, that will impose direct impact to highway transportation and residential lives, and may effect to some degree the navigation of the Yangtze River, reservoir banks, and building of cities and towns.     

华南早中生代从印支期碰撞构造体系向燕山期俯冲构造体系转换的形变记录

华南地区中生代动力体制经历了从特提斯构造域向滨太平洋构造域的转换,但对这种动力体制转换发生的时间和产生的地质效应则存在不同的认识。通过分析华南印支—早燕山构造层(D—J1-2)广泛发育的褶皱构造,识别了早中生代两个世代褶皱构造的横跨叠加型式,发现早期近东西向褶皱构造具有南北成带、晚期NNE向褶皱构造具有东西分区的区域展布特征。基于地层接触关系和早中生代岩浆岩和火山岩同位素年代学数据统计分析,认为这两组叠加褶皱构造清楚地记录了华南早中生代两期挤压事件,近东西向褶皱是对印支早期华南地块南北边缘碰撞造山事件的远程响应,NNE向褶皱则起源于燕山早期((170±5)Ma)古太平洋板块向华南大陆之下低角度俯冲作用,两者发生转换的时代在中晚侏罗世之交。伴随这两期构造挤压而产生的地壳增厚分别诱发了华夏地块三叠纪和晚侏罗世地壳深熔作用和岩浆侵入活动。华南两组叠加褶皱构造的识别为进一步探讨早中生代从碰撞动力构造体系向俯冲动力构造体系转换提供了关键的构造地质学依据。     

大连湾牡蛎的染色体数目

以大连湾牡蛎的早期胚胎为材料。经染色体数目分析,首次提出大连湾牡蛎的染色体数目为2n=20。为牡蛎遗传育种工作提供依据。     

对虾养殖生态系有机质含量及其不同测定方法的数值比较

对５个对虾养殖围隔生态系有机质含量及其不同测定方法所得结果进行了比较研究。结果表明：有机质总量波动在７．５６￣１９．７６ｍｇ．Ｌ＾－１（ＴＣＯ）或４．７６￣６．２５ｍｇ．Ｌ＾－１（ＣＯＤ）,平均为１３．０５±２．８５ｍｇ．Ｌ＾－１（ＴＯＣ）或５．５２±０．４０ｍｇ．Ｌ＾－１（ＣＯＤ）。总有机质中,溶解有机质所占比例为７６％（ＤＯＣ／ＴＯＣ）或８２％（ＤＣＯＤ／ＣＯＤ）;溶解有机质与颗粒有机质的比例     

CWRF模式在中国夏季极端降水模拟的误差订正

利用1980—2015年6—8月我国逐日降水观测数据评估CWRF模式（Climate-Weather Research and Forecasting model）多种参数化方案对我国夏季日降水的模拟能力,并考察累积概率变换偏差订正法（CDFt）的订正效果。通过将广义帕累托分布（GPD）引入到偏差订正模型中,提出针对极端降水的累积概率变换偏差订正法（XCDFt）,检验和评估其对极端降水订正的适用性。结果显示:CWRF模式微物理过程选用Morrison-aerosol参数化方案组合对我国降水场的模拟较好,CDFt订正效果良好;XCDFt偏差订正模型能够较好地提取模式建模与验证时期变化信号,订正后相比订正前与观测极端降水的概率分布更为接近;经过XCDFt订正后华南、华中和华北地区20年一遇的极端降水重现水平较模拟值更接近观测值,可为CWRF模式提高极端降水的业务预测水平提供参考。     

东北现象再解析和东北振兴预判研究——对影响国土空间开发保护格局变化稳定因素的初探

从“东北现象”的新近表现,提出影响国土空间开发保护格局变化的3个稳定因素：资源环境承载能力、地缘关系、文化和体制机制。分别对3个稳定因素在东北地区的特征状况进行了解析,结果表明东北资源环境承载能力本底强,但开发利用效益不佳,突出表现在优化开发区和重点开发区面积过小、限制性开发区收益较低、资源环境承载力预警超载低;位于全球三大经济圈之一的东北亚核心区,地缘优势突出,但未能转换为经济优势,突出表现为外向型经济比重过小、对日韩贸易地位不凸显;文化和体制机制成为限制东北地区发展的核心障碍,突出表现在产业结构不合理、国有经济比重过高。以五大发展理念为指引,结合东北振兴的问题导向,着重对东北地区提高科技创新能力解决发展驱动力的转型、创新国有企业改革模式和促进多种所有制经济协调发展、围绕“一带一路”战略实现开放经济的转型以及腾出国内市场促进东北优势产业继续保持活力、以共享发展理念消除城市贫困增进东北地区民生福祉、采取经济社会生态效益相统一的原则实现东北地区按照主体功能定位进行发展等开展预判研究。     

Ecological effects of co-culturing sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus (Selenka) with scallop Chlamys farreri in earthen ponds

Monthly changes in sedimentation and sediment properties were studied for three different culture treatments: sea cucumber monoculture (Mc), sea cucumber and scallop polyculture (Ps-c) and scallop monoculture (Ms). Results indicated that the survival rate of sea cucumber was significantly higher in Ps-c cultures than in Mc cultures. Sea cucumber yield was 69.6% higher in Ps-c culture than in Mc culture. No significant differences in body weight and scallop shell length were found between Ps-c and Ms cultures. The mean sedimentation rate of total particulate matter (TPM) was 72.2 g/(m2 d) in Ps-c cultures, with a maximum of 119.7 g/(m2 d), which was markedly higher than that of Mc (mean value). Sedimentation rates of organic matter (OM), total organic carbon (TOC), total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorus (TP) in Ps-c cultures were also significantly higher than those in Mc cultures. TOC and TN contents of sediment increased rapidly in the first 5 months in Ms cultures and remained at a high level. TOC and TN contents in Mc and Ps-c cultures decreased during sea cucumber feeding seasons and increased during sea cucumber dormancy periods (summer and winter). The study demonstrates that co-culture of sea cucumber and scallop in earthen ponds is an alternative way to alleviate nutrient loads and improve water quality in coastal aquaculture systems. Moreover, it provides the additional benefit of an increased sea cucumber yield.     

山东近岸海域海草种类的初步调查研究

海草是一类由陆生植物演化并适应海洋环境的沉水植物,其具有重要的生态学意义和经济价值。2008年7月,对山东近岸海域海草的种类进行了初步调查,描述了分布于山东近岸海域海草的形态学特征,并分析了山东近岸海域海草资源的现状及退化原因。调查共发现海草种类4种,分别为大叶藻(Zostera marina L.)、丛生大叶藻(Zostera caespitosa Miki)、红须根虾形藻(Phyllospadixi watensis Makino)及黑须根虾形藻(Phyllospadix japonicus Makino)。调查结果为进一步开展海草资源调查,恢复受损海草生物群落提供参考。