全文获取类型
收费全文 | 2202篇 |
免费 | 495篇 |
国内免费 | 706篇 |
专业分类
测绘学 | 155篇 |
大气科学 | 722篇 |
地球物理 | 617篇 |
地质学 | 999篇 |
海洋学 | 282篇 |
天文学 | 118篇 |
综合类 | 273篇 |
自然地理 | 237篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 7篇 |
2023年 | 26篇 |
2022年 | 102篇 |
2021年 | 109篇 |
2020年 | 98篇 |
2019年 | 102篇 |
2018年 | 98篇 |
2017年 | 120篇 |
2016年 | 107篇 |
2015年 | 106篇 |
2014年 | 128篇 |
2013年 | 125篇 |
2012年 | 128篇 |
2011年 | 178篇 |
2010年 | 114篇 |
2009年 | 138篇 |
2008年 | 117篇 |
2007年 | 118篇 |
2006年 | 124篇 |
2005年 | 95篇 |
2004年 | 70篇 |
2003年 | 76篇 |
2002年 | 84篇 |
2001年 | 65篇 |
2000年 | 90篇 |
1999年 | 97篇 |
1998年 | 114篇 |
1997年 | 105篇 |
1996年 | 96篇 |
1995年 | 72篇 |
1994年 | 71篇 |
1993年 | 76篇 |
1992年 | 40篇 |
1991年 | 41篇 |
1990年 | 26篇 |
1989年 | 25篇 |
1988年 | 27篇 |
1987年 | 20篇 |
1986年 | 13篇 |
1985年 | 9篇 |
1984年 | 12篇 |
1983年 | 9篇 |
1982年 | 7篇 |
1981年 | 7篇 |
1980年 | 3篇 |
1978年 | 2篇 |
1977年 | 1篇 |
1976年 | 2篇 |
1958年 | 1篇 |
1954年 | 1篇 |
排序方式: 共有3403条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
991.
Using high-resolution ice core and tree ring proxies for sea ice extent(SIE), we reconstructed a robust time series of autumn SIE over the Barents-Kara(B-K) sector of the Arctic from AD1289–1993. After intercomparing the results and statistical parameters using the ordinary least squares regression(OLSR), the principle component regression(PCR) and the partial least squares regression(PLSR) methods, SIE time series were synthesized into a more robust series using the weighted average method, which used the explained variances as weights. The results showed that from the end of the 13 th century to the end of18 th century, the autumn B-K SIE was large, with large variations and a slightly expanding trend overall. This reflected significant multidecadal oscillations under the Little Ice Age(LIA) background. The B-K SIE began to decrease at the end of the18 th century, and a shrinking trend became significant during the second half of the 19 th century, which lasted into the 1930 s–1940 s. The 1930 s–1940 s was a period with a relatively low SIE in the B-K Sea, and the SIE had a short period of expansion from the 1940 s–1970 s. However, the B-K SIE has continuously and significantly shrank since the 1970 s. The reduction in the B-K SIE since the end of the 18 th century has been unprecedented in both duration and speed over the last 700 years. The B-K SIE has retreated significantly since the 1970 s, with a speed 6.18 times greater than the former mean retreating speed. The industrial revolution may be a dominant factor in this result. The Arctic SIE in recent years may be the lowest it has been over the last millennium. 相似文献
992.
Crystal fractionation of granitic magma during its non-transport processes: A physics-based perspective 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Chen Chen Xing Ding Rui Li WeiQi Zhang DongJian Ouyang Lei Yang WeiDong Sun 《中国科学:地球科学(英文版)》2018,61(2):190-204
Granitic continental crust distinguishes the Earth from other planets in the Solar System. Consequently, for understanding terrestrial continent development, it is of great significance to investigate the formation and evolution of granite.Crystal fractionation is one of principal magma evolution mechanisms. Nevertheless, it is controversial whether crystal fractionation can effectively proceed in felsic magma systems because of the high viscosity and non-Newtonian behavior associated with granitic magmas. In this paper, we focus on the physical processes and evaluate the role of crystal fractionation in the evolution of granitic magmas during non-transport processes, i.e., in magma chambers and after emplacement. Based on physical calculations and analyses, we suggest that general mineral particles can settle only at tiny speed(~10~(-9)–10~(-7) m s~(-1))in a granitic magma body due to high viscosity of the magma; however, the cumulating can be interrupted with convection in magma chambers, and the components of magma chambers will tend to be homogeneous. Magma convection ceases once the magma chamber develops into a mush(crystallinity, F~40–50%). The interstitial melts can be extracted by hindered settling and compaction, accumulating gradually and forming a highly silicic melt layer. The high silica melts can further evolve into high-silica granite or high-silica rhyolite. At various crystallinities, multiple rejuvenation of the mush and the following magma intrusion may generate a granite complex with various components. While one special type of granites, represented by the South China lithium-and fluoride-rich granite, has lower viscosity and solidus relative to general granitic magmas, and may form vertical zonation in mineral-assemblage and composition through crystal fractionation. Similar fabrics in general intrusions that show various components on small lengthscales are not the result of gravitational settling. Rather, the flowage differentiation may play a key role. In general, granitic magma can undergo effective crystal fractionation; high-silica granite and volcanics with highly fractionated characteristics may be the products of crystal fractionation of felsic magmas, and many granitoids may be cumulates. 相似文献
993.
994.
995.
996.
Jia Zuo Ren Fumin Zhang Dalin Ding Chenchen Yang Mingjen Feng Tian Chen Boyu Yang Hui 《中国科学:地球科学(英文版)》2020,63(1):27-36
Recently, a track-similarity-based Dynamical-Statistical Ensemble Forecast(LTP_DSEF) model has been developed in an attempt to predict heavy rainfall from Landfalling Tropical cyclones(LTCs). In this study, the LTP_DSEF model is applied to predicting heavy precipitation associated with 10 LTCs occurring over China in 2018. The best forecast scheme of the model with optimized parameters is obtained after testing 3452 different schemes for the 10 LTCs. Then, its performance is compared to that of three operational dynamical models. Results show that the LTP_DSEF model has advantages over the three dynamical models in predicting heavy precipitation accumulated after landfall, especially for rainfall amounts greater than 250 mm. The model also provides superior or slightly inferior heavy rainfall forecast performance for individual LTCs compared to the three dynamical models. In particular, the LTP_DSEF model can predict heavy rainfall with valuable threat scores associated with certain LTCs, which is not possible with the three dynamical models. Moreover, the model can reasonably capture the distribution of heavier accumulated rainfall, albeit with widespread coverage compared to observations. The preliminary results suggest that the LTP_DSEF model can provide useful forecast guidance for heavy accumulated rainfall of LTCs despite its limited variables included in the model. 相似文献
997.
为掌握滇池流域花卉大棚种植区的非点源污染特征,提高和改善滇池水环境质量,本研究选取呈贡县斗南村花卉大棚种植区作为研究对象,在实测降雨径流数据的基础上,通过建立Storm Water Management Model模型分别对全年连续降雨条件下和典型设计降雨条件下的降雨径流水质、水量进行了模拟.研究结果表明:1)模型的流量、化学需氧量(COD_(Cr))、悬浮物(SS)、总氮(TN)和总磷(TP)的Nash-Sutcliffe效率系数分别为0.858、0.835、0.803、0.712和0.752,能够较好地模拟研究区域的水质、水量变化.2)研究区域的平均径流系数为0.59,CODCr、SS、TN和TP的单位面积负荷率分别为118.34、82.90、54.64和5.46 kg/(hm~2·a),TN和TP是主要控制的污染物.3)各污染物浓度峰值的出现时间均早于流量峰值出现的时间,因此对滇池东岸花卉大棚种植区应进行污染物尤其是TP、TN浓度与流量错峰控制. 相似文献
998.
Xueru Guo Rui Zuo Jinsheng Wang Li Meng Yanguo Teng Rongtao Shi Xiang Gao Fei Ding 《Ground water》2019,57(3):430-442
Hydrogeochemical evolution of interactions between surface water and groundwater is crucial for guaranteeing water supply quality in a riverside water source area. This study focuses on the seasonal and spatial characteristics of hydrogeochemical evolution affected by groundwater exploitation in the Hulan water source area using hydrochemical analyses and stable isotope tracers. Results show that the concentrations of major ions and total dissolved solids (TDS) increase considerably during the dry season. A bicarbonate water type is primarily produced by the dissolution of calcite, dolomite and gypsum, as well as the cation exchange and human activities. Along the typical infiltration path, the proportions of surface water increase with proximity to the river from 8%-63% during the wet season to 11%-84% during the dry season, which are attributed to an increased hydraulic gradient by exploitation. The typical path is classified into two zones. The first is the intensive mixing zone (within 1 km) with increasing concentrations of major ions and TDS due to mixing effect. The second is the exploitation influence zone (1-3.3 km) with increased concentrations of Ca2+, Mg2+, SO42−, and HCO3− during the dry season due to two reasons of seasonal variations in evaporation, stronger water-rock interactions and mixing effects with increased surface water by exploitation. 相似文献
999.
1982年东亚及太平洋地区视热源及视水汽汇的分布 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
本文对1982年东亚及太平洋地区逐月的视热源(Q1)及视水汽汇(Q2)进行了计算。发现视热源及视水汽汇的分布不仅存在明显的季节性变化,而且在1982年这一强厄尔尼诺年,视热源及视水汽汇分布和强度也有相应的异常变化。在1982年5~6月,厄尔尼诺开始时,印度尼西亚表现为视热汇及视水汽源,而赤道中太平洋为较强的视热源及视水汽汇。随着ENSO事件的发展,这一现象有增强的趋势。赤道太平洋的强视热源及视水汽汇也进一步向东发展。南海、西太平洋副热带及赤道东太平洋等区域强视热源和强视水汇的垂直分布相差很大;在海洋区域多为对流性降水 相似文献
1000.
数字地形编辑是虚拟地理环境、三维景观仿真系统中一个重要的研究内容,在城市与乡村、区域道路网、风景园林的数字化规划设计实践中具有重要价值。本文以规则格网的数字地形为研究对象,面向城市和园林景观规划设计中的实际应用,提出了交互式数字地形编辑的解决方案,重点给出了分页技术的地形交互式编辑具体过程和相关的主要实现技术。数字地形编辑的实现,首先,通过鼠标交互式操作,结合射线求交算法,在地形表面选取目标编辑区域;然后,结合夹角之和检测算法,获取区域下地形数据,设定新的地形高程值,最后,将编辑操作传输至地形其他层,更新整个地形,并在地形编辑后,采用方格网计算法,统计出区域下地形填挖方量。此外,在经过平整的地形区域,植入树和三维建筑模型,构建虚拟城镇小区景观。本文初步实现了编辑操作功能的计算机软件,并展示了数字地形编辑在城镇小区景观设计中的应用结果。试验表明,基于规则格网和分页技术的数字地形编辑方法具有算法简单、计算量小、易实现等特点。此外,通过鼠标交互式的操作,能够实时、直观地显示编辑结果,达到"所见即所得"的效果。 相似文献