南京市城市居民对乡村旅游发展的感知及旅游行为研究

运用问卷调查法和基于SPSS软件的统计分析法,以南京市为例,从城市居民感知视角考察乡村旅游的发展情况。从旅游偏好、旅游频率和空间分布等方面探讨城市居民的乡村旅游行为特征,并进一步分析了乡村旅游的知晓度、居民对各乡村旅游点开发水平的感知与其空间分布之间的相关关系,以及居民对乡村旅游发展总体印象与旅游频率之间的相关关系。在此基础上,提出南京市乡村旅游发展的有关对策与建议。     

亚洲夏季风爆发的基本气候特征分析

利用统一的亚洲热带夏季风爆发指标,重新制作了季风爆发日期的推进图,确证了亚洲热带夏季风最早在热带东印度洋与中印半岛中南部爆发的观点,这发生在26候(5月10日前后),28候(5月20日前后)在南海地区相继爆发,这两个地区的爆发是属同一季风系的不同爆发阶段.以后通过对海陆热力对比、季节内振荡等多方面的分析,对夏季风的爆发机制问题进行了深入的研究,提出了气候学意义下影响亚洲热带夏季风爆发的关键影响因子.在此基础上,给出了夏季风最早在热带东印度洋-中印半岛-南海地区爆发机理的一种概念模式图,即大气环流的季节进程是季风爆发的背景条件;而中印半岛及其邻近地区对流活动和感热与潜热加热的迅速增强与北推、印缅槽的强烈加深,以及高原东部地区的西风暖平流作用是夏季风爆发的主要驱动力,其结果是使经向温度梯度首先在这个地区反向并建立强的上升运动区,使热带季风和降水迅速发展和加强;来自不同源地的低频30-60 d和10-20 d季节内振荡的锁相则是夏季风爆发的一种触发因子,正是这些因子的共同作用导致了亚洲热带夏季风在这个地区的最早爆发.     

新疆特克斯-昭苏地震断层的发现及有关问题的讨论

1986年作者在特克斯-昭苏盆地首次发现长70公里、最大垂直和水平位移均达8米的地震断裂带和地震形变现象,并认为是1716年地震时形成的。地震断裂带的展布和运动方式,与科博河-昭管处断裂相一致。特克斯断裂带是一条复杂的断裂带,它由多条断裂组成。1716年地震表明该断裂带具有新的活动性     

Statistical downscaling of reference evapotranspiration in Haihe River Basin: applicability assessment and application to future projection

Future changes in reference evapotranspiration (ET₀) are of increasing importance in assessing the potential impacts on hydrology and water resources systems of more pronounced climate change. This study assesses the applicability of the Statistical Downscaling Model (SDSM) in projecting ET₀, and investigates the seasonal and spatial patterns of future ET₀ based on general circulation models (GCMs) across the Haihe River Basin. The results indicate that SDSM can downscale ET₀ well in term of different basin-averaged measures for the HadCM3 and CGCM3 GCMs. HadCM3 has a much superior capability in capturing inter-annual variability compared to CGCM3 and thus is chosen as the sole model to assess the changes in future ET₀. There are three homogeneous sub-regions of the Haihe River Basin: Northwest, Northeast and Southeast. Change points are detected at around 2050 and 2080 under the A2 and B2 scenarios, respectively. The Northwest is revealed to have a slight to strong increase in ET₀, while the Northeast and the Southeast tend to experience a pattern change from decrease to increase in ET₀.

EDITOR M.C. Acreman

ASSOCIATE EDITOR J. Thompson     

GIS在统计行业中的应用

地理信息系统技术在很多各业获得了成功的应用,但在统计行业中的应用却相对滞后.本文综述了地理信息系统在统计行业中的应用现状、优势及存在的问题,并对统计地理信息系统的解决方案作了简要分析,给出了建立统计GIS的技术方案和统计GIS的总体框架.     

长江三峡库区梯田稳定性分析与对策*──以鄂西秭归县为例

三峡库区历史上就是滑坡、崩塌作用强烈的地带,在调查分析秭归县滑坡、崩塌对梯田稳定性的影响的基础上,探讨了四种不稳定梯田培坎的特征、性质和现状,提出了利用优势植物固土护坎等相应的对策。     

Heavy metal contamination of cultivated wetland soils along a typical plateau lake from southwest China

Topsoil (0–20 cm) samples were collected from four cultivated wetlands including Northern and Western Fields (about 30-year tillage), and Southern and Western Fields (about 20-year tillage) along the Yilong Lake of China in October, 2005. Total concentrations of As, Cr, Cu, Pb, and Zn were determined using the inductively coupled plasma atomic absorption spectrometry in order to assess contamination status in four sampling plots. Results showed that the average concentrations of these heavy metals in Northern and Western Fields were significantly (P < 0.01) higher than those in reference soils, while they were generally lower in Southern and Eastern Fields. All the mean concentrations of heavy metals were lower, except that the average concentrations of As and Cr in Northern Field slightly exceeded the soil quality guidelines. The contamination indices showed low-contamination levels for As, Cu, Pb, and Zn in Northern and Western Fields, while no contamination levels could be observed in Southern and Eastern Fields. As for Cr, they showed moderate-contamination levels in Northern Field, but low or no contamination levels in other three Fields. The integrated contamination index values indicated Northern and Western Fields were moderately contaminated, while Southern and Eastern Fields were less contaminated. The same contamination sources of these heavy metals were identified in these fields using factor- and cluster analysis.     

虹鳟(Oncorhynchus mykiss)、溪红点鲑(Salvelinus fontinalus)及杂交种(虹鳟×溪红点鲑) 血清蛋白多态性的研究

提要 利用非变性聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳法,对虹鳟、溪红点鲑及杂交种(虹鳟♀溪红点鲑♂)的进行了血液蛋白多态性研究, 计算了各座位的基因频率、基因纯合度和Shannon 信息指数, 并探讨了群体间的亲缘关系和遗传距离。结果表明: ( 1) 3个种群在α球蛋白、β1球蛋白、γ-球蛋白、前白蛋白和白蛋白5个座位上的遗传差异较大, 血清蛋白座位的优势基因在不同群体中有不同的频率; ( 2) 杂交种中出现部分双亲特异条带,表明杂交种整合了虹鳟♀ 和溪红点鲑♂的遗传信息,属两性融合生殖, 是真正意义上的杂交种。( 3) 杂交种与虹鳟和溪红点鲑的遗传相似性系数分别为0.718和0.575, 遗传距离分别为0.332和0.554, 表明杂交种与两亲本的遗传差异不是对等的, 而是偏向母本一方, U PGMA 系统树也同样证明了这一点。     

2006年春季内蒙古久旱转雨过程分析

应用T213数值预报产品资料和基本气象资料,对发生在2006年5月11日内蒙古春季的久旱转雨天气过程进行了气候背景、天气成因和转折性特征的分析.分析表明,青藏高原低槽的建立与中纬度低槽的叠加是此次久旱转雨过程大尺度环流调整的转折性信号,西南急流的建立、水汽的长距离输送和偏东方向水汽的垂直叠加是转折性降水最重要的条件.东亚地区中纬度40 °N低槽对转折性降水的作用主要体现为动力作用,而青藏高原低槽主要体现在对西南气流的加强和水汽的远距离输送.高层正涡度由南向北的输送,使中纬度低槽进一步加深,垂直运动上升区自西向东的输送主要发生在低层东风切变中.辐散场在垂直方向上形成了较好的抽吸效应,使低层动力辐合作用进一步加强.有利的动力、热力条件叠加成为此次转折性降水的又一重要原因.     

SVD迭代模型在夏季降水预测中的应用

文中设计了一种基于SVD迭代的短期气候预测模型,通过选择适当的影响因子,建立与预测对象之间的联系,从而实现对气象场序列的预测。分别对华北16个测站和长江中下游地区30个测站1991—2000年近10a夏季(6—8月)降水做预测试验,平均均方误差分别为0.352和0.312,平均符号相关系数分别为0.575和0.623。此研究表明,基于SVD迭代的气候预测模型是一种非常有效的短期气候预测途径,具有很强的应用价值。