四川九寨沟地区黄土的初步研究

九寨沟地区的黄土孤立产出于海拔2300～2800m的洼地中,其内含古风化界面.通过对黄土的物质成分、结构、扫描电镜形貌、孢粉、ESR测年等分析测试,确定其为冰缘黄土,划分了九寨沟地区更新世冰期.     

ESTIMATION OF PREDICTION ERROR FOR SAMPLES WITHIN THE CALIBRATION RANGE

A modification of a technique proposed by Lorber and Kowalski for the estimation of prediction errorsis presented.The method is applied to five data sets.The results show that for some data sets theestimated prediction errors are close to the actual prediction errors for samples within the calibrationrange,while samples outside the calibration range must be background corrected before quantificationof the prediction error.     

Geotectonic Settings of Large and Superlarge Mineral Deposits on the Southwestern Margin of the North China Plate

The geotectonic setting refers to the three-dimensional space and related events based on which a metallogenic system is formed and an ore-forming process takes place. This paper discusses the tectonic evolution of the southwestern margin of the North China paleocontinent and related geotectonic settings in which large or superlarge deposits are formed. Emphasis is put on the geodynamic conditions of the Jinchuan nickel-copper deposit, the Baiyin copper-polymetallic deposit and the Hanshan gold deposit. It is significant that the three deposits occur together as a "trinity" on the same paleocontinental margin. The Jinchuan nickel-copper deposit was formed during the early stage of rifting of the paleocontinental margin; the Baiyin copper-polymetallic deposit was formed during the splitting stage of a continental-margin arc. The continental-margin arc spitting resulted in an "island arc rift" in the early stage of evolution. The Hanshan gold deposit was formed within the Altun sinistral strike-slip fault     

辽河盆地东部凹陷中段深层沙河街组沉积相

辽河盆地东部凹陷中段深部地层中的古近系沙河街组由沙一段、沙三段构成。缺失沙二段和沙四段。由于沙一段沉积学研究已相当深入，而沙三段还未进行过系统沉积学研究，因此本中重点研究了沙三段。沙三段可以划分为上、中、下三个部分。通过碎屑岩稳定重矿物指数、碎屑岩岩石磁组构中剩余磁化率、岩性等分析发现其主要物源区为中央凸起。孢粉组合、岩性等分析表明其沉积时的古气候为温暖潮湿气候。古生物组合分析证实其沉积时水体南深北浅，水质南成北淡。研究区内存在冲积扇、曲流河、扇三角洲、湖泊等相类型。沙三段下部沉积时期，推测盆地开始进入裂陷期，发育冲积扇—浅湖—半深湖沉积体系。沙三段中部沉积时期，湖盆扩张达到最大，成为湖盆发育的欠补偿时期，发育了扇三角洲—湖泊沉积体系。沙三段上部沉积时期，水体变浅，逐渐从水下完全过渡到陆上，碳质泥岩及煤层发育，形成冲积扇—河流沉积体系。在此基础上通过分析油源条件、砂岩储集体发育情况，指出西侧欧35井区到欧39井区及铁5井区到铁2井区具有较为优越的成藏条件，为本区的有利勘探地区。     

黄骅坳陷千米桥地区奥陶系胶结物地层学及其在裂缝研究中的应用

在不同时期，由于埋藏深度不同，成岩环境的氧化还原性不同，形成的胶结物的特征也就不同。有些情况下，胶结物期次之间是连续沉淀的，即呈“整合接触”。而有些情况下，两个期次之间曾发生过溶蚀，形成“不整合接触”。有些孔隙和裂缝形成早，其内胶结物的期次齐全，而有些孔隙和裂缝形成晚，就会缺失一些期次。因此，胶结物可以像地层一样进行划分和对比。据此可以分析成岩环境的变化，判断孔隙和裂缝形成的时期等。由于成岩环境的变化常与构造运动有关，因此胶结物地层学的研究可以间接地分析构造运动发生的时期。黄骅坳陷千米桥地区奥陶系碳酸盐岩的裂缝和孔隙中，充填了5期胶结物，每期胶结物阴极发光的特征不同，其中第二期与第三期胶结物之间存在溶蚀不整合。根据胶结物的特征，可划分出5期裂缝，形成于三叠纪、中晚白垩世、古近纪末、新近纪末等。     

伸展盆地地表热流值的模拟计算—以渤海湾盆地济阳坳陷为例

伸展盆地的大地热流值可以认为是由地幔热流，地壳内部和盆地沉积物生热效应以及岩石圈和沉积物导热性质等多个因素综合叠加的结果。本文根据传热学理论，分析了纯剪切模式条件下伸展盆地内的地表热流值贡献的分布规律及其与伸展因子的理想关系，认为深部热源的能量，伸展因子大小，地壳浅层的生热性质以及盆地构造位置是控制盆地热流高低和展布的关键因素。结合沉积地层的导热性质，放射性元素的生热效应，岩浆区的现今地表热流分布，得到了与正演模拟相接近的结果，验证了该方法思路的有效性。同时对该地区幕式伸展裂陷过程中的地表热流值变化趋势进行了模拟，认为在不同的伸展裂陷幕地表热流值表现为阶段式的升高，在末期达到最大值。     

天然气输送管线中水合物形成的边界条件

运用水合物形成的热力学相平衡模拟计算方法及根据输气管线中的天然气组成，确定了青海和甘肃输气管线中水合物形成的边界条件，提出预防水合物堵塞的热力学方法。在青海和甘肃输气管线工作压力约为2．5～4．11MPa的范围内，水合物形成最低温度约为1～5℃。在-7～5℃时，在体系中加入甲醇或增加盐度可有效地控制管线中水合物的形成。在低于-7℃的条件下，盐度和甲醇的联合应用，才能有效抑制输气管线中水合物的形成。在温度低于0℃和压力为2．5～4．11MPa的水合物热力学稳定范围内，降低输气管线中的水含量可有效地控制水合物形成而产生的堵塞。     

Sporopollen Assemblages from the Cretaceous Yimin Formation of the Hailar Basin, Inner Mongolia, China

Three sporopollen assemblages are recognized for the first time from the Cretaceous Yimin Formation in the Hailar Basin of eastern Inner Mongolia. They are （in ascending order）： the lmpardecispora-Aequitriradites- Clawttipollenites assemblage; the Triporoletes-Pilosisporites-Asteropollis assemblage; and the Appendicisporites- Asteropollis-Tricolpites assemblage, distributed in Members 1, 2 and 3 of the Yimin Formation respectively. Recognition of this biostratigraphic sequence is very important for the division and correlation of the Yimin Formation in the basin. Meanwhile, the age of the Yimin Formation is considered to be Barremian to Early Albian based on the palynological data.     

Dynamic Features of Angular Unconformity Formation——Extensional and Compressional Angular Unconformities

Angular unconformity is one of the most direct and strongest evidences for approving the tectonic movements of the earth's crust. Its dynamic genesis process has been understood to be mainly related to the compressional setting for a long time. Especially, in a detailed structural analysis for a specific region, when an angular unconformity is discovered people would regard it as the result of orogenic movements of a certain period or a certain episode and neglect the extensional facts. Based on a dialectical point of view of extension-compression, this paper has proved that angular unconformities can be formed not only in compressional settings, but also in extensional ones. Further more, their geological features are compared and he possible genetic mechanisms for angular unconformity under different dynamic settings are studied.     

湘北益阳古火山岩的成因及其地质意义

湖南益阳古火山岩分布于益阳市石咀塘和大渡口两地,出露面积分别约为1km2和16km2,主要由科马提岩类和拉斑玄武岩类组成。其中石咀塘古火山岩可进一步分为含橄榄石斑晶玄武质科马提岩和含单斜辉石斑晶玄武质科马提岩2种类型。含单斜辉石斑晶玄武质科马提岩鬣剌结构发育,尚发现典型的中空骸晶橄榄石,SiO2<53%,MgO>9%,K2O<0.9%,TiO2<0.7%,CaO/Al2O3>1。该地区火山岩总体属钙碱性系列,具有高MgO、富Cr、贫不相容元素、稀土元素总量较低、轻重稀土元素分异不明显等特点,表明火山岩主要来源于形成深度较大、部分熔融程度较高的亏损上地幔区。石咀塘火山岩形成于大洋构造环境,大渡口火山岩形成于岛弧构造环境,反应该地区经历了从洋壳形成到俯冲的构造演化过程。