Grouting Material for Broken Surrounding Rock and its Mechanical Properties of Grouting Reinforcement

Geotechnical and Geological Engineering - Aiming at the shortcomings of traditional grouting materials, such as large influence on water content, large volume shrinkage in the late stage, poor...     

磴口县景观格局演变特征及生态网络构建

城市生态基础设施是城市可持续发展的基础,西部干旱区生态脆弱性大,县域尺度的生态基础设施网络是保证干旱区城市稳定与发展的重要保障。在快速城市化的背景下,选择西部典型生态脆弱区磴口县为研究区,运用景观格局指数、景观转移网络及核密度分析等方法,分析景观格局演变,在此基础上确定生态源地并分级,基于Cost Path模型提取生态廊道与生态节点,构建城市化背景下基于景观格局演变的磴口县生态基础设施网络。结果表明：2014年磴口县域景观破碎化程度高,景观生态流流动性差,城市与建设用地、荒漠灌木林地、耕地、沙漠之间的转移情况决定了磴口县整体景观变化的特征,2001-2014年共存在28种景观转移关系;基于Cost Path模型构建的县域尺度生态基础设施优化网络共包含391块生态源地、47 466条生态廊道和799个生态节点。针对干旱区构建的县域尺度的城区防护型生态网络,能够为磴口县城市化发展提供重要保障,对干旱区城市生态规划具有重要的参考价值。     

GIS与RS技术支持下的北京西北地区景观格局优化

在区域尺度上以城市化过程为特征的土地利用活动对景观功能的稳定和景观结构的差异性有着深刻的影响。选择北京西北地区为研究区域, 应用RS 与GIS 技术, 对1989 年、1996 年、2005 年三期LANDSAT TM 图像进行解译判读, 深入分析研究区景观格局时空变化特征, 发现城市扩展造成了生态绿地破碎化、景观连通性降低及景观单一等一系列问题。在此基础上, 本研究以景观流运行受距离、障碍等因素影响原理作为出发点, 采用累积耗费距离模型, 结合景观组分的生态系统服务功能价值和空间作用, 研究了北京西北地区景观结构紧密性和生态功能空间差异, 进而构建源地、生态廊道和生态节点等景观组分来加强生态网络的空间联系, 最后提出本研究区域的景观格局优化方案。该研究方法及结果对北京地区景观生态规划和建设具有重要的理论依据和和参考价值。     

Physical principle of wind erosion on sandy land surface in southern Beijing

The endangerment of aeolian sand is one of the most serious eco-environmental problems facing the southern suburb of Beijing. To control wind erosion is thus a matter of great urgency. This paper chooses typical land-use types, i.e., cultivated land, wild grassland, drifting sandy land, etc. based on the fixed experimental observation and quantitative analysis, to conduct studies on the principles and characteristics of aeolian activities and measures controlling wind erosion in Daxing District of Beijing. The results show that: the near ground wind velocity yielded the logarithmic distribution with height; there are significant differences among different ground cover roughness; there are significant differences in the corresponding friction velocities caused by different properties of the underlying surface; there are differences in the threshold wind velocities speed in different land use types; and there are minus exponential relations between the sediment discharge percentage and the height at a range of 0–20 cm air flow layer. Different land use types result in various degrees of coarse component. There is a significant exponential relation between sediment transport concentration and wind velocity.     

磴口县地表水与地下水时空变化特征及交互作用

为了揭示磴口县地表水及地下水的时空分布特征及其交互作用,将磴口县的17口实验井分为4组,结合EMD（Empirical Mode Decomposition）算法和协同克里金算法对地下水埋深进行时空特征分析,利用3S技术对磴口县的地表水与地下水进行空间叠加和趋势曲线拟合,从南北和东西方向分析了地表水和地下水的变化趋势特征。结果表明：（1）磴口县北部和西部地下水埋深在1990—2015年呈减少的趋势,中部和东南部呈增加的趋势;西南部存在地下水漏斗区域,经过治理,情况已经得到改善。（2）磴口县地表水域面积在1990—2015年变化不大,自西向东,先增加后降低,最后再升高,总体呈增多的趋势;从北往南,先增加后降低,最后再升高,整体分布也呈增加的趋势。（3）1990—2005年磴口县地下水补给的主要来源为黄河。     

正二十面体球面菱形离散格网的编码模型及其映射方法

全球离散格网为全球尺度的空间数据组织与管理提供了基础环境,而全球离散格网的编码体系,则可屏蔽不同坐标参考框架下的坐标转换,减少空间分析的复杂度,有利于数据的多尺度表达和统一建模。相对于其他类型的全球离散格网,基于正二十面体所构建的球面菱形离散格网具有更均匀的几何性质,有利于球面空间数据的集成与表达。但基于正二十面体的球面菱形离散格网的初始菱形边线并不贴合经纬线,这导致相对于基于正八面体的球面菱形离散格网,其格网结构更为复杂。这对构建正二十面体球面菱形离散格网的层次编码模型和建立其与地理坐标间的映射关系转换带来了新的挑战。针对这一问题,本文基于Hilbert曲线构建了正二十面体球面菱形离散格网编码模型,并在此基础上设计了格网编码与地理坐标的相互转换方法。研究表明,利用球面菱形离散格网与平面规则格网的相似性,基于Hilbert曲线构建的正二十面体球面菱形离散格网编码模型能够隐式表达空间尺度与位置信息,且在地理坐标与格网编码转换方面兼具效率与精度,可以支持全球海量空间数据建模、集成管理以及各类空间分析。     

Simulating spatiotemporal variability of blue and green water resources availability with uncertainty analysis

Due to rapid socioeconomic development, continuous population growth and urbanization, the world is facing a severe shortage of fresh water, particularly in arid and semi‐arid regions. A lack of water will put pressure on agricultural production, water pollution, as well as eco‐environmental degradation. Traditional water resources assessment mainly focused on blue water, ignoring green water. Therefore, analysis of spatiotemporal distribution of blue and green water resources in arid and semi‐arid regions is of great significance for water resources planning and management, especially for harmonizing agricultural water use and eco‐environmental water requirements. This study applied the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model and the Sequential Uncertainty Fitting algorithm (SUFI‐2) to calibrate and validate the SWAT model based on river discharges in the Wei River, the largest tributary of the Yellow River in China. Uncertainty analysis was also performed to quantify the blue and green water resources availability at different spatial scales. The results showed that most parts of the Wei River basin (WRB) experienced a decrease in blue water resources during the recent 50 years with a minimum value in the 1990s. The decrease is particularly significant in the most southern part of the WRB (the Guanzhong Plain), one of the most important grain production bases in China. Variations of green water flow and green water storage were relatively small both on spatial and temporal dimensions. This study provides strategic information for optimal utilization of water resources in arid and semi‐arid river basin. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

某高层建筑结构动力测试与抗震性能分析

通过测试高层建筑结构在自然环境激励下的动态响应信号,进行动力参数识别,可以验证理论计算结果的准确性,为建筑结构安全评估及损伤识别提供依据,为结构抗震计算和设计提供重要指标。针对某办公楼首先采用脉动法进行动力测试,获得了其固有频率和振型。最后,运用有限元方法对该结构进行模态分析和抗震计算,结果表明:实测动力特性结果与计算结果符合较好,结构抗震承载力满足要求,利用该检测方法可以较好的把握结构的整体性能。