中国大陆科钻第一井工程峻工获得多项重大科学突破

中国大陆科钻一井经过1 353天的施工, 穿越地层5 158 m, 超额完成预定5 000 m的钻探目标, 于2005年5月18日园满结束. 科钻一井在中国西部"阿尔金-柴北缘-东秦岭"超高压变质带、深地幔新矿物、极端条件微生物、在线流体4个方面有重大发现, 并在印度尼西亚大地震发生前1小时, 就捕捉到异常流体信息, 一度引起地球科学工作者的特别关注和浓厚的兴趣.     

Two-Dimensional Spectroscopy of Photospheric Shear Flows in a Small <Emphasis Type="Italic">δ</Emphasis> Spot

In recent high-resolution observations of complex active regions, long-lasting and well-defined regions of strong flows were identified in major flares and associated with bright kernels of visible, near-infrared, and X-ray radiation. These flows, which occurred in the proximity of the magnetic neutral line, significantly contributed to the generation of magnetic shear. Signatures of these shear flows are strongly curved penumbral filaments, which are almost tangential to sunspot umbrae rather than exhibiting the typical radial filamentary structure. Solar active region NOAA 10756 was a moderately complex β δ sunspot group, which provided an opportunity to extend previous studies of such shear flows to quieter settings. We conclude that shear flows are a common phenomenon in complex active regions and δ spots. However, they are not necessarily a prerequisite condition for flaring. Indeed, in the present observations, the photospheric shear flows along the magnetic neutral line are not related to any change of the local magnetic shear. We present high-resolution observations of NOAA 10756 obtained with the 65-cm vacuum reflector at Big Bear Solar Observatory (BBSO). Time series of speckle-reconstructed white-light images and two-dimensional spectroscopic data were combined to study the temporal evolution of the three-dimensional vector flow field in the β δ sunspot group. An hour-long data set of consistent high quality was obtained, which had a cadence of better than 30 seconds and subarcsecond spatial resolution.     

Emergence of sheared magnetic flux tubes in an active region observed with the SVST and TRACE

The active region NOAA AR 8331 was a target of an international ground-based observational campaign in the Canaries and coordinated with space instruments (TRACE and Yohkoh). We focus our study on observations obtained with the SVST at LaPalma, and with TRACE. On 10 September 1998, arch-filament systems were observed with high spatial and temporal resolution, from the lower to the upper atmosphere of the Sun, during five hours. Flux tubes emerged with increasing shear, which apparently led to energy release and heating in the overlying corona. A model for filament formation by the emergence of U-shaped loops from the subphotosphere, as proposed by Rust and Kumar (1994), is supported by the present observations. The coronal response to these events is visualized by rising, medium-scale loop brightenings. The low-lying X-ray loops show short-lived, bright knots which are thought to result from interaction between different loop systems.     

Production of dimethylsulfide and acrylic acid from dimethylsulfoniopropionate during growth of three marine microalgae

We measured the concentrations of dimethylsulfide （DMS）, acrylic acid （AA）, and dimethylsulfoniopropionate （DMSP） during growth of three microalgae： Prorocentrum micans, Gephyrocapsa oceanica, and Platymonas subcordiformis. The DMSP, AA, and DMS concentrations in culture media varied significantly among algal growth stages, with the highest concentrations in the late stationary growth stage or the senescent stage. In the stationary growth stage, the average DMSP concentration per cell in P. micans （0.066 5 pmol/cell） was 1.3 times that in G. oceanica （0.049 5 pmol/ cell） and 20.2 times that in P. subcordiformis （0.003 29 pmol/cell）. The average concentrations of AA were 0.044 6, 0.026 9, and 0.003 05 pmol/cell in P. micans, G. oceanica, and P. subcordiformis, respectively, higher than the concentrations of DMS （0.272, 0.497, and 0.086 2 fmol/cell, respectively）. There were significant positive correlations between cell density and AA, DMSP, and DMS concentrations. The ratios of DMS/AA and AA/（DMSP＋AA） in the three algae differed significantly over the growth cycle. In all three microalgae, the DMS/AA ratios were less than 25% during the growth period, suggesting that the enzymatic cleavage pathway, which generates DMS, was not the main DMSP degradation pathway. The changes in the DMS/AA ratio indicated that there was a higher rate of enzymatic breakdown of DMSP in the early growth period and a lower rate during senescence. In all three microalgae, the AA/（DMSP＋AA） ratio （degradation ratio of DMSP） decreased during the exponential growth phase, and then increased. The variations in these ratios can approximately indicate the cleavage mechanism of DMSP at different stages of algal growth.     

Evaluation on the two filling functions for the recovery of forest information in mountainous shadows on Landsat ETM + Image

In general,topographic shadow may reduce performance of forest mapping over mountainous regions in remotely sensed images.In this paper,information in shadow was synthesized by using two filling techniques,namely,roifill and imfill,in order to improve the accuracy of forest mapping over mountainous regions.These two methods were applied to Landsat Enhanced Thematic Mapper (ETM +) multispectral image from Dong Yang County,Zhejiang Province,China.The performance of these methods was compared with two conventi...     

Some tests and improvements to the VFISV: Very Fast Inversion of the Stokes Vector for the Helioseismic and Magnetic Imager

Some experimental tests and improvements to the Very Fast Inversion of the Stokes Vector program, which is designed for the inversion calculation used by the Helioseismic and Magnetic Imager instrument on the Solar Dynamics Observatory,are given. On one hand, the interpolation for calculating the Voigt function is not smooth, which may occasionally cause the iteration process to converge to different minima although they are very close to initial values. This problem can be solved by a smoother interpolation. On the other hand, in order to improve the performance of this program, we have tried to abandon the randomly-jump-out strategy and set the initial value properly to avoid non-global minima. The resulting method costs only1/4 of the computational time, and will be very competitive when the users are only interested in the vectorial magnetic fields and the velocities along the line of sight.     

马氏珠母贝外海深水区养殖的初步研究

采用延绳式、浮筏式、立桩式在外海深水区进行马氏珠母贝［Ｐｉｎｃｔａｄａ ｍ ａｒｔｅｎｓｉｉ （Ｄｕｎｋｅｒ）］人工养殖试验,结果表明：经 １１ 个月的养殖,其成活率分别为延绳式 ５６．３％ ,浮筏式 ３２．８％ ,立桩式２０．８％ ,而同期在港湾浅水区养殖时,其成活率分别为浮筏式 ２８．８％ ,立桩式 １８．５％ 。而且外海深水区养殖马氏珠母贝生长快,个体大,体质强,病害少,附着物少。此外,外海深水区延绳式养殖设施抗风浪能力强,是开发利用外海深水区的一种良好方式     

柴达木盆地北缘鱼卡—铁石观一带金红石矿床的发现及其地质意义

通过野外地质调查、岩石学、矿相学等研究手段,在柴达木盆地北缘鱼卡及铁石观一带均发现榴辉岩型金红石矿床,其单个矿体长可达千米以上,宽均达几米至几十米不等,金红石物相Ti平均品位可达2.58%,属于高钛榴辉岩的范畴,且其矿床地质特征与大别—苏鲁地区的金红石矿床特征极为相似。鱼卡和铁石观金红石矿床的发现,填补了柴北缘榴辉岩变质带没有金红石矿床的空缺,并暗示柴北缘地区有发现大型榴辉岩矿床的找矿远景。     

可持续发展指标体系研究简评

区域可持续发展是目前地理学研究的热点,可持续发展指标体系则是可持续发展理论研究的核心内容之一。分析可持续发展指标体系的研究现状、研究思路及指标和指标体系的处理方法,评述研究过程中所存在的问题,对可持续发展指标体系进行梳理。最后提出,区域可持续发展指标体系可以建立在“满足需要”、“资源有限”、“环境有价”、“未来更好”4类指标之上,然后把4个指标再统一为一个综合指标。