内蒙古阿拉善地块北缘雅布赖地区埃达克岩锆石U-Pb年龄、岩石成因和构造背景

雅布赖地区位于阿拉善地块北缘,埃达克岩岩石类型主要为闪长岩和石英闪长岩。用LA-ICP-MS方法测得埃达克岩中的锆石206Pb/238U年龄为275±1 Ma（MSWD=1.00,n=27,闪长岩）和277±2 Ma（MSWD=0.64,n=26,石英闪长岩）,故认为雅布赖地区埃达克岩侵位年龄为275±1~277±2 Ma,形成时代为早二叠世。地球化学特征表明,该岩体具有较高的SiO2（60.56%~63.41%）、Al2O3（15.86%~17.33%）、Sr（572×10-6~758×10-6）含量,较低的MgO（1.45%~3.06%）、Y（11.10×10-6~14.7×10-6）、Yb（1.06×10-6~1.55×10-6）含量,富集大离子亲石元素K、Rb、Ba、Sr等,亏损高场强元素Ta、Nb、Ti、P等。岩石重稀土元素强烈亏损,轻、重稀土元素分馏明显,Eu异常较弱（0.81 < δEu < 1.04）,Mg#值较高（38~53）,Y/Yb值为7.35~11.89,Na2O/K2O值为1.18~1.77,具有C型埃达克岩特征,为拆沉下地売部分熔融产生的流体与地幔橄榄岩相互作用形成的产物。结合前人研究,其可能形成于碰撞后伸展环境。     

Validation of the effects of temperature simulated by multi-model ensemble and prediction of mean temperature changes for the next three decades in China

Using series of daily average temperature observations over the period of 1961–1999 of 701 meteorological stations in China, and simulated results of 20 global climate models (such as BCCR_BCM2.0, CGCM3T47) during the same period as the observation, we validate and analyze the simulated results of the models by using three factor statistical method, achieve the results of multi- model ensemble, test and verify the results of multi-model ensemble by using the observation data during the period of 1991–1999. Finally, we analyze changes of the annual mean temperature result of multi-mode ensemble prediction for the period of 2011–2040 under the emission scenarios A2, A1B and B1. Analyzed results show that: (1) Global climate models can reproduce Chinese regional spatial distribution of annual mean temperature, especially in low latitudes and eastern China. (2) With the factor of the trend of annual mean temperature changes in reference period, there is an obvious bias between the model and the observation. (3) Testing the result of multi-model ensemble during the period of 1991–1999, we can simulate the trend of temperature increase. Compared to observation, the result of different weighing multi-model ensemble prediction is better than the same weighing ensemble. (4) For the period of 2011–2040, the growth of the annual mean temperature in China, which results from multi-mode ensemble prediction, is above 1 °C. In the spatial distribution of annual mean temperature, under the emission scenarios of A2, A1B and B1, the trend of growth in South China region is the smallest, the increment is less than or equals to 0.8 °C; the trends in the northwestern region and south of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau are the largest, the increment is more than 1 °C.     

Physicochemistry and Mineralogy of Storm Dust and Dust Sediment in Northern China

Dust sediments collected from 1995 to 1998 in Beijing, Dunhuang, Inner Mongolia, Kashi, the Kunlun Mountains, Lanzhou, Ningxia, the Taklimakan Desert, and Xi‘an, China, were characterized in terms of their physical, chemical, and mineralogical properties. Most aerosols and dust analysed ranged in texture from silty clay to clay loam. Their median particle diameters (Mds) generally ranged between 5 to 63μm,coinciding with those of loess from central China and the finest sand from northwestern China. The dust sediments were characterized by a predominance of SiO2 and Al2O3, followed by K2O. Their SiO2/Al2O3and K2O/SiO2 molar ratios ranged from 5.17 to 8.43 and from 0.009 to 0.0368, respectively. The mass concentration spectrum during a dust storm showed a single peak, rather than the triple peak generally observed under clear sky conditions. The dominant minerals were chlorite, illite, calcite, and dolomite.These physical, chemical, and mineralogical properties were consistent with those of aeolian soils and loess in western and central China. The results suggest that aerosols and fine-gained fractions of dust sediments collected in northern China are mainly composed of soil material transported from the arid and semiarid regions of China and Mongolia by prevailing winds. The rate of deposition and properties of dust falling on eastern China were strongly influenced by meteorological conditions, season, latitude, longitude, and altitude of the sampling sites.     

东昆仑东段三叠纪岩浆岩Nd–Hf同位素组分特征、物源演变规律及其构造背景

作为中央造山系西段的重要组成部分,东昆仑造山带以大面积区域性展布的三叠纪岩浆岩为鲜明特色。依据收集的东昆仑东段三叠纪岩浆岩96件锆石U–Pb年代学数据,限定三叠纪岩浆作用时间为252～212 Ma。结合岩石组合,将其进一步划分为早（252～238 Ma）、中（238～226 Ma）、晚（226～212 Ma）3期,其中岩浆活动峰值为早期（252～238 Ma）。Nd同位素数据（106件）统计结果表明：东昆仑东段三叠纪岩浆岩εNd(t)值为–9.4～–1.7,大多为–6.5～–3.0;Nd模式年龄TDM(Nd)为0.72～1.88 Ga,大多为1.00～1.80 Ga。Hf同位素数据（全岩、锆石;41件）统计结果表明：东昆仑东段三叠纪岩浆岩εHf(t)值变化较大（–8.4～+12.4）,主要为–4.5～+2.0;地壳模式年龄TDMC(Hf)值为0.49～ 1.80 Ga,大多为1.15～1.55 Ga。整体而言,三叠纪岩浆岩物源以中元古代壳源物质的再造为主,新生地壳（＜1.0 Ga）和古元古代地壳有所参与,但比例小。从岩浆活动早期（252～238 Ma）到中期（238～226 Ma）再到晚期（226～212 Ma）,εNd(t)值在岩浆活动早期（特别是在早三叠世）较高,正的εHf(t)值占据很大比例,物源中存在较多的新生物质;中期以较低的εNd(t)值和负的εHf(t)值为主,Hf模式年龄显示出现古元古代物质;晚期Nd–Hf模式年龄揭示较古老的壳源组分增多。这种岩浆岩物源演变趋势,与东昆仑东段三叠纪具俯冲到同碰撞再到碰撞后的构造演化背景一致。     

人类世可持续发展背景下的远程耦合框架及其应用

在全球一体化进程不断加深的背景下,国家与地区之间的联系日益紧密,产生了一系列跨国家、跨地区、多尺度的社会—经济—环境影响,远程耦合（Telecoupling,社会、经济、环境的远距离相互作用）科学概念和综合框架的提出为解决上述问题提供了新方法和新途径。为更好促进远程耦合综合框架的正确使用和规范推广,本文系统解析了远程耦合综合框架,厘清各组成部分的定义和功能,梳理了框架的应用现状;通过对3个中国典型案例的阐释,展示了远程耦合综合框架的使用方法、结果分析及由此得出的科学意义和政策价值;最后描述了远程耦合综合框架使用中需要重点关注的问题,并对其应用前景进行了展望。远程耦合综合框架的推广应用有助于以跨国家、跨地区、多尺度的视角,重新审视多个人类与自然耦合系统的相互作用,揭示隐藏的远距离地理空间作用的科学价值,服务于有关政策的制定和实施,促进全球社会、经济、环境的可持续发展。     

北极苔原新奥尔松地区的地表辐射特征

利用我国北极黄河站所在地,德国Koldewey站1993-2003年的资料,对新奥尔松地区的地表辐射特征进行了初步分析。结果表明,由于云的影响,新奥尔松极昼期间的日照百分率仅为32.2%。暖季由于下垫面地表冰雪融化,地表反射率迅速减小,地面吸收辐射和地面有效辐射都迅速增大。全年累计的净辐射为正值;暖季是接受太阳辐射能的主要时段,寒季接受的太阳辐射能极少。虽近10年来新奥尔松地区的气温增加十分显著,但各辐射量的变化趋势不明显。地表辐射实测值与同期NCEP/NCAR相邻格点逐日资料的比较表明,NCEP资料对各辐射项模拟的精度不高。     

A density-based approach for detecting network-constrained clusters in spatial point events

Existing spatial clustering methods primarily focus on points distributed in planar space. However, occurrence locations and background processes of most human mobility events within cities are constrained by the road network space. Here we describe a density-based clustering approach for objectively detecting clusters in network-constrained point events. First, the network-constrained Delaunay triangulation is constructed to facilitate the measurement of network distances between points. Then, a combination of network kernel density estimation and potential entropy is executed to determine the optimal neighbourhood size. Furthermore, all network-constrained events are tested under a null hypothesis to statistically identify core points with significantly high densities. Finally, spatial clusters can be formed by expanding from the identified core points. Experimental comparisons performed on the origin and destination points of taxis in Beijing demonstrate that the proposed method can ascertain network-constrained clusters precisely and significantly. The resulting time-dependent patterns of clusters will be informative for taxi route selections in the future.     

空间视角下城乡物流网络的内涵、构成要素与研究框架

地理学视角的物流网络研究已成为物流科学领域的热点方向。从地理学的空间视角出发,在明确城乡物流网络理论来源和相关概念的基础上,对城乡物流网络的内涵、构成及研究框架进行梳理。基于研究,首先给出了城乡物流网络的定义,认为城乡物流网络的本质是旧的城市物流网络和乡村物流网络在空间上的延伸、衔接和提效。其次,从空间视角将城乡物流网络分解为节点、连线和域面3要素,指出网络各要素均出现了功能强化和更新,如节点的管理、衔接和经济社会功能强化;连线的联结功能和平衡功能出现,域面的协同组织、动态调整功能突出。最后,遵循地理学“格局-过程-机理-决策”的科学逻辑,提出“数据采集与融合、要素映射与解析、时空比较与分析、机理探究与优化”4个模块的城乡物流网络分析框架,为深刻揭示城乡物流网络结构及其演化机理提供基础。进一步指出未来应探讨城乡物流节点、连线、域面及网络的地区类型、区域适宜性及要素间相互作用机制,提炼适应不同区域、能有效提升要素流通效应的多尺度空间组织模式,加强对城乡要素流通系统的科学认知,科学支撑城乡地域融合发展实践。     

Characterizing groundwater/surface-water interactions in the interior of Jianghan Plain,central China

Hydrogeology Journal - Quantifying groundwater/surface-water interactions is essential for managing water resources and revealing contaminant fate. There has been little concern on the exchange...     

陆表自然和人文要素相互作用——“全球变化及应对”重点专项研究进展

在国家重点研发计划支持下,项目提出了陆表不均一性检测和订正的新方法,解决了渐变型不均一性检测和订正的难题,构建了中国地表太阳辐射、气温、地温、风速和降水等参数均一化站点和格点数据集,修订了关于中国地表风速变化趋势、增温格局及其形成机制的结论。融合多源数据,构建并验证了千米级、流域级或县域级的电厂、人口、生物质能、取水量、氮排放、二氧化碳排放等影响自然系统的关键人文要素历史和未来预估数据集。构建了未来关键人文要素情景,研制了碳中和目标下甲烷和氧化亚氮排放情景和用于驱动全球模式的未来情景,预估了中国碳中和战略的实施对全球变暖的减缓作用,发现中国碳中和对远期和中期全球变暖的减缓作用显著。给出了中国各省份水体氮排放安全阈值及超越时间,阐明了中国粮食产量与氮施肥的关系,提出了在保障粮食安全的前提下减少水体氮排放的有效途径,指出重构城乡养分循环体系是同时保障粮食安全和恢复水质的必要途径。发现全球饱和水汽压差的年际变化与大气二氧化碳浓度上升速率的年际变化显著相关,阐明了饱和水汽压差变化在调控生态系统生产力中的重要角色以及多因素耦合作用在生态系统生产力变化中的复杂影响。建议更全面细致地评估中国各种碳中...