Flood assessment and early warning of the reoccurrence of river blockage at the Baige landslide

On 10th Oct.and 3rd Nov.2018,two successive landslides occurred in the Jinsha River catchment at Baige Village,Tibet Autonomous Region,China.The landslides blocked the major river and formed the barrier lake,which finally caused the huge flood disaster loss.The hillslope at Baige landslide site has been still deforming after the 2018 slidings,which is likely to fail and block the Jinsha River again in the future.Therefore the investigation of 2018 flood disaster at the Baige landslide is of a great significance to provide a classic case for flood assessment and early warning for the future disaster.The detailed survey revealed that the outstanding inundations induced bank collapse disasters upstream the Baige landslide dams,and the field investigations and hydrological simulation suggested that the downstream of the Baige landslide were seriously flooded due to the two periods of the outburst floods.On these bases,the early warning process of potential outburst floods at the Baige landslide was advised,which contains four stages:Outburst Flood Simulating Stage,Outburst Flood Fore-casting Stage,Emergency Plan and Emergency Evacuation Stage.The study offers a con-ceptual model for the mitigation of landslides and flood disasters in the high-relief mountain-ous region in Tibet.     

Identification and alleviation pathways of multidimensional poverty and relative poverty in counties of China

To realize efficient and sustainable poverty alleviation,this study firstly investigated the identification of multidimensional poverty and relative poverty,and then explored relevant poverty alleviation pathways.Poverty levels in 31 provinces including the autonomous re-gions and municipalities of China were identified at the county level using the average nighttime light index (ANLI),county multidimensional development index (CMDI),and a method combining multidimensional poverty index and relative poverty standards.Poverty alleviation pathways for poverty-stricken counties were explored from the aspects of industry,education,tourism and agriculture.The results revealed that nearly 60％ of counties in China were primarily under relative poverty,most of which were corresponded to light relative pov-erty.In terms of ANLI and CMDI,63％ and 79％ of the national poverty-stricken counties,as of 2018,could be identified,suggesting that CMDI had a higher performance for identifying poverty at the county level.In terms of poverty alleviation pathways,414,172,442,and 298 poverty-stricken counties were receptive to industry poverty alleviation,education poverty alleviation,tourism poverty alleviation,and agriculture poverty alleviation,and 61％ of coun-ties had more poverty-causing factors,implying that multidimensional poverty alleviation is suitable in most of the counties.     

Gradient Boosting Decision Tree for Lithology Identification with Well Logs: A Case Study of Zhaoxian Gold Deposit,Shandong Peninsula,China

Natural Resources Research - Identifying lithology from well logs is an important step in deep prospecting and resource estimation. Various machine learning algorithms have been adopted to identify...     

围栏引起的有蹄类动物死亡及其对未来祁连山国家公园管理的启示

围栏是牧区畜牧业的重要组成部分。但是,这些围栏也给野生动物带来了很多负面影响,会制约它们的活动范围,妨碍其种群扩散甚至会直接导致死亡。甘肃盐池湾国家级自然保护区未来将成为祁连山国家公园的重要组成部分,本文对该区内围栏的现状及其所产生的影响进行了评估。我们通过70份调查问卷,了解了当地牧民对围栏的看法、围栏对野生有蹄类动物的威胁以及观察到的被围栏缠绕的野生动物的数量。我们发现,如果当地居民发现用于管理牲畜的围栏会伤害到野生动物,他们更可能意识到围栏带来的负面影响,那些认为围栏对野生动物有害的人更有可能支持拆除围栏。然而,对于需要雇用他人来照看家畜的牧民,支持围栏拆除的可能性较小。最佳模型只解释了部分数据差异,这表明虽然对围栏威胁的认识很重要,但其他因素可能也会影响牧民对围栏拆除的支持度。因此,为了能在新的国家公园内成功开展围栏拆除工作,有必要强化社区服务和社区合作,以减少围栏拆除对牲畜管理的影响。调查发现,当地牧民在围栏上发现过死亡的藏野驴、盘羊和藏原羚,其中发现藏野驴的次数明显多于其他两个物种。这一结果表明,前述三个物种可能更容易被围栏缠绕,未来需要加强相关研究,这将有助于推动围栏拆除计划的实施。     

黄土高原西部白草塬剖面L1和S1记录的古地磁场特征

文章详细介绍了黄土高原西部白草塬剖面L₁和S₁的高精度岩石磁学和古地磁学结果,讨论了白草塬剖面记录古地磁场的特征,从古地磁学角度探讨白草塬剖面黄土沉积的连续性。白草塬剖面黄土沉积物中,磁铁矿和磁赤铁矿是主要的亚铁磁性矿物,粗粒的碎屑磁铁矿是其天然剩磁和特征剩磁的主要载体。白草塬剖面L₁和S₁没有记录任何地磁漂移。其中,L₁没有记录MonoLake或Laschamp地磁漂移的原因可归结于黄土沉积物堆积过程的不连续性和/或粗颗粒载磁矿物的重磁化,但前者是主要原因,而堆积过程的不连续性是导致S₁没有记录Blake地磁漂移的主要原因。因此,白草塬剖面的L₁和S₁分别存在约2000年和4000～6000年的沉积不连续。     

陆相断陷盆地的构造层序地层分析

陆相盆地层序地层构型是构造运动、古气候、古湖平面变化与沉积物补给等动力学要素对沉积基准面控制的综合效应。其中,构造运动对盆地层序界面形成与层序内部充填起至关重要的作用。因此,陆相盆地层序地层研究须以构造层序地层为主线,即通过构造对层序形成与演化的控制分析解释层序地层构型,预测其内部充填特征。经研究,断陷盆地构造运动对层序地层的控制主要表现在:(1)断裂活动通过控制基底升降运动直接制约着盆地沉积物堆积的可容纳空间的变化及至层序地层构型;(2)构造转换带或调节带控制盆地主体物源补给方向和沉积体系分布;(3)断裂活动及其塑造的古地貌控制着沉积体系与砂体分布特征。     

Random Difference of the Trace Element Distribution in Skarn and Marbles from Shizishan Orefield,Anhui Province,China

Spatial distribution patterns of element concentrations can reflect the information of the mineralization processes. Both the Hurst exponent calculated by R/S analysis and the generalized fractal dimension calculated by using the multifractal model are important parameters for describing the spatial distribution of elements. Five long drill holes, named as M1, S1, S2,S3, and S4, have been selected in the Shizishan (狮子山) skarn orefield in Tongling (铜陵), Anhui (安徽) Province, China. Marbles are well developed around MI and skarn rocks are largely distributed along S1, S2, S3, and S4 drill holes. The drill holes were sampled evenly with an interval of 10 m and 16 trace elements have been measured. The mean of the △D(q) (the height of the generalized dimension spectrum) in the MI drill hole is the lowest. In addition, the mean of the Hurst exponents of the 16 elements in the MI drill hole is also much smaller than that of S1, S2, S3, S4 drill holes, which is in accordance with the analysis of the generalized dimension. It is indicated by the generalized dimension and Hurst exponent that the distribution of trace elements in the marbles is more random than that in the skarn. The result suggests that the mineralization process can change the randomness and persistence features of the element distribution.     

珠江三角洲地区服务业与城镇化协调关系的时空演变

在厘清服务业与城镇化的关系机理基础上,构建了服务业系统与城镇化系统综合发展评价指标体系,运用熵值法对1987~2015年珠三角城镇化与服务业发展综合水平进行测度,利用耦合协调度模型对两者协调关系的时空演变特征进行了分析。结果表明：① 时序演变上,珠三角服务业与城镇化综合发展水平保持持续稳定增长态势,两者协调度不断增强,2008年开始进入协调期。② 空间演变上,服务业与城镇化的协调度呈现以珠江口城市为核心,逐渐向外圈层递减的空间分布规律;空间差异较大且保持相对稳定状态。③ 珠三角服务业与城镇化空间协调关系演变总体可分为均衡发展、惯性发展、反转发展3种模式,由1987年的4种失调类型演变为2015年初级协调等4种类型。④ 从加强服务业专业化分工和提升服务业发展潜力、加快空间城镇化和社会城镇化的发展、缩小服务业与城镇化协调关系的空间差异等方面提出对策建议,以推动珠三角服务业与城镇化的协调度向更高级别方向发展。     

GPU ray casting method for visualizing 3D pipelines in a virtual globe

Pipelines are an important part of urban infrastructure development. As part of a virtual globe (VG), the high-efficiency and high-quality visualization of 3D large-scale and high-density urban pipelines is of great importance. This paper proposes a GPU-based pipeline ray casting method for the visualization of urban-scale pipelines in the framework of a VG. The method involves the initial partitioning of the pipeline data into tiles, based on the relationship between the pipeline layer scale and the discrete global grid system (DGGSs). The pipeline centerline in each tile is then segmented and encoded, and a coarser pipeline bounding volume is subsequently constructed using a geometry shader. Finally, the fine 3D pipeline is rendered using a pixel shader. The results of the experimental implementation of the proposed method show that it satisfies the requirements for the multiscale visualization of pipelines in a VG. Moreover, compared with the traditional polygon-based method, the method facilitates a 20% increase in rendering frame rate for the same pixel level accuracy display effect. It also enables the visualization of the thickness of the 3D pipeline without any obvious effect on the rendering efficiency.     

四元体系(LiCl + NaCl + Li2SO4 + Na2SO4 + H2O)在75℃等温蒸发相平衡实验与理论研究

梯度太阳能池技术在盐湖化工中是一种经济分离无机盐产品的方法,本文创新性的采用等温蒸发法,模拟四元体系(LiCl + NaCl + Li2SO4 + Na2SO4 + H2O)在75℃等温蒸发相平衡,指导太阳池深池积温分离提取锂盐产品。实验测定了溶解度和溶液密度、pH值等物化性质,并绘制了干盐相图、水图和物化性质组成图。在该四元体系干盐相图中包含3个四元共饱点,7条单变量蒸发曲线和5个结晶区,分别为NaCl,Na2SO4,复盐Li2SO4·Na2SO4,Li2SO4·H2O和LiCl·H2O。采用 Pitzer模型和改进的HMW公式,拟合出该四元体系在75℃时的Pitzer单盐参数、混合离子作用参数和平衡固相的热力学平衡常数,并计算给该四元体系的相图,计算相图和实验相图有较大区别。等温蒸发相图能真实的反应盐湖中盐类沉积规律,并对指导太阳池分离盐类具有重要指导意义。