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101.
102.
Poujol Marc Pitra Pavel Van Den Driessche Jean Tartèse Romain Ruffet Gilles Paquette Jean-Louis Poilvet Jean-Charles 《International Journal of Earth Sciences》2017,106(2):477-500
International Journal of Earth Sciences - One of the striking features that characterise the late stages of the Variscan orogeny is the development of gneiss and migmatite domes, as well as... 相似文献
103.
This paper describes a simulation study of some of the socio-economic consequences of a rise in sea level on Dutch society. A computer simulation model for the greenhouse problem has been developed, which tries to capture the climate change cause-effect relationship for a combination of greenhouse-gas emissions. The impact of emissions of greenhouse gases on global temperature and sea-level rise can be calculated using the model. Additionally, separate, independent modules have been implemented in order to quantify the socio-economic consequences for the Netherlands. Four consistent sets of scenarios have been developed, based on differences in economic growth, energy use, international environmental measures, etc. On the basis of these scenarios estimates are made of the costs of coastal defence and water management in the Netherlands as a result of adaptation to the impacts of sea-level rise. 相似文献
104.
Large bank failures, comprising up to 106 m3 of sediment, are common features along steep channel banks in estuaries and large rivers that consist of clean, fine sands, and are mostly assumed to be generated by sudden liquefaction of large masses of very loosely packed sand. Another less commonly recognized type of failure is manifested by the gradual retrogression of a very steep wall, steeper than the angle-of-repose. Instead of the voluminous surging plastic sediment-water flow, or hyperconcentrated density flow (sensu Mulder & Alexander, 2001 ) generated by liquefaction, this type of failure, known as breaching by dredging companies and hydraulic engineers, produces a sustained quasi-steady, turbidity current. To date, sedimentologists have not recognized the process of breaching as such. In this paper, it is suggested that breaching may be the origin of many thick, massive sand layers known from ancient deposits from various environments, notably in some turbidite successions. Possible differences in the sedimentary structure of the deposits produced by breach failures vs. liquefaction slope failures (=liquefaction flow slides) can be deduced from a knowledge of the sediment transport processes initiated by the failure. A field study is presented on some poorly structured beds in the Eocene Vlierzele Sands in Belgium, which are supposed to have originated from liquefaction failures, but are reinterpreted to be the products of breaching. It is postulated that the local steep slope disturbance required to initiate an active breach can be produced by a small liquefaction slope failure (=liquefaction flow slide failure) or local erosion by river or tidal channel flow at the initial stage of the failure event. 相似文献
105.
Prediction of landslide susceptibility using rare events logistic regression: A case-study in the Flemish Ardennes (Belgium) 总被引:9,自引:8,他引:9
M. Van Den Eeckhaut T. Vanwalleghem J. Poesen G. Govers G. Verstraeten L. Vandekerckhove 《Geomorphology》2006,76(3-4):392-410
In this article a statistical multivariate method, i.e., rare events logistic regression, is evaluated for the creation of a landslide susceptibility map in a 200 km2 study area of the Flemish Ardennes (Belgium). The methodology is based on the hypothesis that future landslides will have the same causal factors as the landslides initiated in the past. The information on the past landslides comes from a landslide inventory map obtained by detailed field surveys and by the analysis of LIDAR (Light Detection and Ranging)-derived hillshade maps. Information on the causal factors (e.g., slope gradient, aspect, lithology, and soil drainage) was extracted from digital elevation models derived from LIDAR and from topographical, lithological and soil maps. In landslide-affected areas, however, we did not use the present-day hillslope gradient. In order to reflect the hillslope condition prior to landsliding, the pre-landslide hillslope was reconstructed and its gradient was used in the analysis. Because of their limited spatial occurrence, the landslides in the study area can be regarded as “rare events”. Rare events logistic regression differs from ordinary logistic regression because it takes into account the low proportion of 1s (landslides) to 0s (no landslides) in the study area by incorporating three correction measures: the endogenous stratified sampling of the dataset, the prior correction of the intercept and the correction of the probabilities to include the estimation uncertainty. For the study area, significant model results were obtained, with pre-landslide hillslope gradient and three different clayey lithologies being important predictor variables. Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curves and the Kappa index were used to validate the model. Both show a good agreement between the observed and predicted values of the validation dataset. Based on a qualified judgement, the created landslide susceptibility map was classified into four classes, i.e., very high, high, moderate and low susceptibility. If interpreted correctly, this classified susceptibility map is an important tool for the delineation of zones where prevention measures are needed and human interference should be limited in order to avoid property damage due to landslides. 相似文献
106.
目的 探讨豺脏MR扫描序列的最佳选择。方法 对29例患者采用四种(SE、FLASH、Tse11、Tse23)扫描序列进行肝脏MR扫描,测量和计算图像的信噪比9SNR)和对比度噪声比(CNR),同时对影像进行视觉评价。结果 FLASH和TSE23序列的SNR和CNR均不及Tse11序列。结论 肝脏MR扫描FLASH序列可作为首选,Tse23序列可作为辅助使用。 相似文献
107.
碳酸盐岩成土的元素迁移及其对烤烟的影响 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
本文从碳酸盐岩成土的元素迁移和富集的角度讨论烤烟优质高产的原因。选择了石灰岩、泥质灰岩、白云岩、泥质白云岩四个典型风化成土剖面,对常量、微量、稀土、稀有四大类共38种元素进行测试和分析,研究了它们全量、可溶态含量从母岩经风化层到土壤的连续剖面中的分布状况,根据计算的淋溶值和聚积值,找出了各个风化剖面的迁移序列和聚积序列。烤烟中化学元素测试结果表明与烤烟优质高产关系最密切的元素是常量元素中的K、Ca、P,微量元素中的Sr、Zn、Mo ,稀土元素中的Ce、La、Nd,稀有元素中的Rb。灰色关联度分析和模糊综合评判结果表明三叠系茅草铺组上段白云岩类岩石衍生的黄壤是烤烟生长的优势层位。 相似文献
108.
109.
The feasibility of green growth is studied in the context of climate change. As carbon emissions are easier to quantify than many other types of environmental pressure, it will be possible to reach a more definite conclusion about the likelihood of green growth than has been possible in the long-standing historical debate on growth versus the environment. We calculate the rate of decoupling between gross domestic product (GDP) and GHG emissions needed to achieve internationally agreed climate targets. Next, eight arguments are considered that together suggest that fast decoupling will be very difficult. Subsequently, we examine the main lines of research used by proponents of green growth to support their viewpoint, including theoretical arguments, exercises with integrated assessment models, and studies of the environmental Kuznets curve hypothesis. It will be concluded that decoupling as a main or single strategy to combine economic and environmental aims should be judged as taking a very large risk with our common future. To minimize this risk we need to seriously consider reducing our dependence on growth. This requires a fundamental change of focus in both economic research and policy.
Policy relevance
Currently, green growth is the only strategy of mainstream economists and policy makers to address climate change. This article demonstrates that such an exclusive focus is very risky due to the scale of the challenge and the existence of various barriers to the fast decoupling of GHG emissions from economic output. It seems that the only option to combine environmental and economic objectives is reducing the dependence of our economies on growth. Finding strategies in line with this requires a fundamental change of focus in both economic research and policy. 相似文献
110.
本文介绍了我所自行设计研制的PPT系列动静态孔隙水压力传感器的原理、技术性能、标定方法及其在工程实践中的应用等情况。 相似文献