Secondary metabolites of a deep sea derived fungus Aspergillus versicolor CXCTD-06-6a and their bioactivity

In order to obtain novel secondary metabolites, a deep sea inhabiting fungus Aspergillus versicolor CXCTD-06-6a was investigated. One new diketopiperazine brevianamide W(1a), as well as five known diketopiperazine alkaloids, diketopiperazine V(1b), brevianamide Q(2), brevianamide R(3), brevianamide K(4), and brevianamide E(5), were isolated from the Et OAc extract of the fermentation broth. Their structures were elucidated by spectroscopy techniques(NMR, MS). The six compounds exhibited moderate radical scavenging activity against DPPH with clearance ratio of 55.0%(1a and 1b), 53.7%(2), 46.2%(3), 61.4%(4) and 19.3%(5) at a concentration of 13.9 μmol L-1, respectively; while the positive control ascorbic acid showed a ratio of 70.3% at the concentration of 28.4 μmol L-1.     

Structures and antiviral activities of butyrolactone derivatives isolated from Aspergillus terreus MXH-23

A new butyrolactone derivative, namely butyrolactone VIII(1), and six known butyrolactones(2-7) were separated from the ethyl acetate(Et OAc) extract of the fermentation broth of a fungus, Aspergillus terreus MXH-23. The chemical structures of these metabolites were identified by analyzing their nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR) and mass spectrometry(MS). Known butyrolactone derivatives contain an α,β-unsaturated γ-lactone ring with α-hydroxyl and γ-benzyl, and butyrolactone VIII(1) was the first butyrolactones contains α-benzyl and γ-hydroxyl on α,β-unsaturated lactone ring. All of the butyrolactone derivatives were tested for their anti-influenza(H1N1) effects. Derivatives 4 and 7 showed moderate antiviral activities while the newly-identified, derivative 1, did not.     

利用LAP-3000型风廓线雷达资料对深圳地区湍流耗散率特征的研究

利用2010年1-2月深圳LAP3000型风廓线雷达资料, 对湍流耗散率进行了估算, 针对典型晴天条件下的湍流耗散率ε、折射率结构常数C₂ⁿ、水平风速和风切变, 分析了其时空变化特征。得出如下结论: (1) 深圳地区低空大气ε的量级在10^-7~10^-1 m^-2·s^-3之间, 与理论模拟值基本一致; (2) 时间分布特征为, 2 km以下ε有很明显的日变化特征, 夜晚和上午ε较大, 下午及傍晚减少;(3) 空间分布特征表现为, ε随高度大致呈递减分布;ε量级达10^-2.5 m²·s^-3所在高度可作为深圳地区2010年1月14-15日边界层顶高度的判断依据。     

Construction of a metagenomic DNA library of sponge symbionts and screening of antibacterial metabolites

To study the bioactive metabolites produced by sponge-derived uncultured symbionts, a metagenomic DNA library of the symbionts of sponge Gelliodes gracilis was constructed. The average size of DNA inserts in the library was 20 kb. This library was screened for antibiotic activity using paper disc assaying. Two clones displayed the antibacterial activity against Micrococcus tetragenus. The metabolites of these two clones were analyzed through HPLC. The result showed that their metabolites were quite different from those of the host E. coli DH5α and the host containing vector pHZ132. This study may present a new approach to exploring bioactive metabolites of sponge symbionts.     

基于大规模围填海和陆源排污压力下的广西钦州湾环境容量变化及损失评估

在2004–2019年间,人类通过大规模围填海以及陆源排污等活动对钦州湾造成了不可逆转的深远影响。本文基于卫星遥感影像和海图资料,利用非结构网格有限体积海洋模型建立的高精度钦州湾水动力–水质模型,分析了十几年来人类活动的累积效应对钦州湾水质的影响。受围填海和陆源排污两者的影响,钦州湾内化学需氧量（COD）的浓度略有下降（0.976 mg/L下降到0.909 mg/L）,但湾内无机氮（DIN）和无机磷（DIP）的浓度分别从0.146 mg/L和0.023 mg/L增加到0.230 mg/L和0.027 mg/L,无机氮的浓度增加较为显著;统计结果表明,湾内超四类水质海域面积和重度富营养化水域面积大幅度增加,水质环境状况不容乐观。此外根据钦州湾内排污的特点,利用分担率法计算了不同时期下钦州湾的环境容量,结果表明湾内排污量远超最大允许排污量,茅岭江、钦江两条河流的排污量亟需削减;由于围填海导致的海湾面积减小和水交换能力降低,钦州湾环境容量较2008年有明显下降。对茅尾海局部采用排海通量最优法的计算表明,茅岭江应当分担比钦江更多的排污量,才能有利于茅尾海内的水质改善。通过估算发现双重人为压力共同对钦州湾造成了约每年26.95亿元的环境容量价值损失,因此在开发利用海洋前应慎重考虑环境容量损失的补偿方案。     

Nonlinear and Robust Location for Low-cost Shipborne Laser Ranging Positioning

ABSTRACT

Without landing on islands, reefs, or facilities, fast locating targets by the reflectorless ranging integrated with Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) has a wide range of application. We propose a nonlinear robust location method and modify current nonlinear estimators for achieving shipborne laser ranging positioning of high precision. The Newton method is recommended as a nonlinear estimator for shipborne ranging positioning since the Gauss–Newton method occasionally fails in critical cases when the control points and the unknown point are approximately coplanar. However, it shows that the vertical positioning based on the shipborne laser ranging is generally of low precision, while the vertical angle measurement is used to further remedy this deficiency. The positioning precision and reliability might be significantly decreased with the increased number of gross errors in the observations that are dynamically implemented on a moving shipborne platform; thus a weighting scheme with high breakdown point is recommended to set the preliminary weights, and then Scheme III of the Institute of Geodesy and Geophysics of China (IGGIII) is applied to iteratively updating the weights of distance observations. It shows that the proposed method based on the angle-distance observational data fusion can be used to achieve a three-dimensional positioning of high precision.     

古海相致密碳酸盐岩储层描述技术——以川东南涪陵南部地区飞仙关组三段鲕粒灰岩为例

针对涪陵南部低钻探程度区,以层序地层、沉积相等研究为主,地震参数为辅的技术思路开展储层描述。基础研究表明,涪陵南部地区与鄂西渝东建南地区处于同一个缓坡高能沉积相带内。利用层系地层学建立飞三段鲕滩发育模式,结合前人对飞三段鲕滩储层响应特征描述、建南地区jian35井飞三段鲕滩储层地震响应特征分析及模型正演,开展研究区飞三段鲕滩储层响应特征分析,总结出涪陵南部飞三段鲕滩储层具有叠置迁移的“亮点”响应特征。进一步结合地震相、地震属性及地震反演,落实出涪陵南部飞三段鲕滩储层有利分布区。     

热带季节内振荡与北大西洋涛动年际变化的关系

运用K均值聚类法将冬季北大西洋及欧洲地区的天气流型分为4种不同的流型。研究了不同阶段8种不同位相的热带季节内振荡（MJO）与这4种流型的年际变化的关系。通过一系列的对比试验发现,K均值聚类法划分得到的不同位相的北大西洋涛动（NAO）的天数能很好地反映NAO指数;无论是在1978～1990年（简称为P1阶段）还是在1991～2010年（简称为P2阶段）,MJO第3（6）位相影响NAO正（负）位相;但在P1阶段存在NAO的位相转换,当MJO处于第1位相时,NAO由弱的负位相转换为正位相,当MJO处于第6位相时, NAO由正位相转换为负位相;而在P2阶段NAO并没有明显的位相转换,当MJO处于第1位相时,NAO由偶极子结构转换为波列结构。     

The role of topography and diabatic heating in the formation of dipole blocking in the atmosphere

In this paper, the nonlinear stationary waves forced by topography and diabatic heating are investigated. It is pointed out that (1) the nonlinear interaction of different stationary waves forced only by topography might form dipole blocking in the atmosphere, this might explain the dipole blocking appeared in the Pacific and Atlantic regions; (2) the dipole blocking could not be caused by the nonlinear interaction of the different stationary waves forced by the diabatic heating alone; (3) the nonlinear interaction of the diffferent stationary waves forced by both topography and diabatic heating could initiate dipole blocking in the atmosphere. In winter, the dipole blocking mainly occurs in the west regions of the Pacific and the Atlantic, and the heat source over the western part of the two oceans is advantageous to the formation of dipole blocking in the west of two oceans. However, in summer, the dipole blocking could be formed in the east part of the two oceans, and the heat source over the eastern part of two continents is favourable for the formation of dipole blocking in the east regions of two oceans.