大气中局地阻高和偶极子阻塞的动力学特征

在局地阻塞形成前期的原地一般有比较弱的高压脊存在，在这个高压脊上可以逐形成局地阻塞高压或偶极子阻塞。本文将局地阻塞形成前期的弱高压脊环流看成是具有反气旋式切变的带状基本西风，在此基础上用Ｒｏｓｓｂｙ孤立波理论研究了局地阻高和偶极子阻塞的动力学特征及其区别，得到了一些结果。     

欧洲地区夏季热浪的特征及其与阻塞环流的联系

选取了一个热浪指数,利用地面2 m气温场和500 h Pa位势高度场的美国环境预报中心和国家大气研究中心(NCEP/NCAR)再分析资料,通过聚类分析发现欧洲大陆容易产生6类热浪:西欧型(WE)、俄罗斯型(RU)、东欧型(EE)、斯堪的纳维亚半岛型(SC)、北海型(NS)、伊比利亚半岛型(IB);这些热浪事件都与欧洲大陆阻塞的位置有关。同时我们发现这6类热浪发生的频率出现明显的年代际变化,特别在20世纪80年代以后欧洲大陆热浪发生频率明显的增多趋势可能与欧洲大陆增暖背景有关,而欧洲大陆热浪发生频率的年代际变化可能是夏季北大西洋涛动(NAO)的年代际变化的结果。夏季NAO偶极子通过欧洲地区的阻塞异常对欧洲大陆气温有重要的调制作用。当夏季NAO指数处于正位相阶段时,欧洲大陆容易产生高纬度热浪,反之则容易产生低纬度热浪,并且欧洲大陆增暖趋势并不影响NAO对欧洲气温的调制作用。同时还发现:大西洋夏季NAO事件可以是欧洲热浪发生的前期条件,欧洲大陆阻塞异常落后于NAO事件1~5 d,其中IB型和WE型与NAO同期相关,其余4类型热浪对应阻塞落后于NAO 4~5 d。另外,也发现大西洋—欧洲大陆定常波列正距平的位置通过对欧洲阻塞的影响,而影响欧洲热浪发生的频率和位置。     

ENSO循环与太平洋-北美型遥相关事件的关系

利用1950~2009年的Nio3.4指数和冬季5个月逐日太平洋-北美型遥相关(PNA)指数,对ENSO冷、暖位相及中性年份冬季发生的PNA事件进行了统计分析,结果发现PNA事件个数有显著的差异。ENSO暖位相年份冬季的PNA+事件个数是PNA-事件个数的4.13倍,而冷位相年份的PNA-事件个数是PNA+事件个数的2.73倍。PNA事件指数和PNA事件对应的300 hPa流函数场合成分析结果显示ENSO暖(冷)位相年份的PNA+(PNA-)事件的强度较小,生命史较长,PNA-(PNA+)事件的强度较大生命史较短,位于北太平洋上空的南北向偶极子结构仅出现在PNA+事件过程的成熟阶段。同时,聚类分析也发现,ENSO暖(冷)位相年份的PNA+(PNA-)型的比例大于PNA-(PNA+)型,PNA+型波列结构中有太平洋区域的南北向偶极子结构,而PNA-波列结构中没有,与合成分析结果一致。通过计算北太平洋的300 hPa基本流发现,ENSO循环暖位相年份的副热带急流位置比ENSO循环冷位相年份的偏北,这解释了ENSO循环冷暖位相年份PNA+事件和PNA-事件发生频率的差异。由于中性年份也存在PNA事件,ENSO循环对PNA事件的强度与发生频率有一定的调制作用。     

地下洞室动态开挖的三维数值分析及优化研究

针对云南锡业集团公司个旧锡矿地下采场洞室的开挖技术条件,采用非线性三维有限元法,对其动态开挖过程进行了数值模拟分析,并优化选择了地下采场洞室的开挖顺序和开挖跨距,从而得到一些有益的结论。     

Characterization and application of monoclonal antibodies against Shewanella marisflavi, a novel pathogen of Apostichopus japonicus

Shewanella marisflavi strain AP629 was certified as a novel pathogen of the sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus. In this study, four monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) (3C1, 3D9, 2F2, 2A8) against strain AP629 were developed by immunizing Balb/C mice. 3C1 and 3D9 recognized S. marisflavi only, showing no cross reactivity to other gram-negative bacteria. However, 2F2 and 2A8 showed cross reactivity to all tested bacteria. Indirect immunofluorescence, and immunogold electron microscopy, showed the binding antigens ...     

Interaction between a slowly moving planetary—scale dipole envelope rossby soliton and a wavenumber— two topography in a forced higher order nonlinear Schrödinger equation

A parametrically excited higher-order nonlinear Schr dinger (NLS) equation is derived to describe the interaction of a ,slowly moving planetary-scale envelope Rossby soliton for zonal wavenumber-two with a wavenumber-two topography under the LG-type dipole near-resonant condition. The numerical solution of this equation is made. It is found that in a weak background westerly wind satisfying the LG-type dipole near-resonance condition, when an incipient envelope Rossby soliton is located in the topographic trough and propagates slowly, it can be amplified through the near-resonant forcing of wavenumber-two topography and can exhibit an oscillation.However, this soliton can break up after a long time and excite a train of small amplitude waves that propagate westward. In addition, it is observed that in the soliton-topography interaction the topographically near-resonantly forced planetary-scale soliton has a slowly westward propagation, but a slowly eastward propagation after a certain time. The instantaneous total streamfunction fields of the topographically forced planetary-scale soliton are found to bear remarkable resemblance to the initiation, maintenance and decay of observed omega-type blocking high and dipole blocking. The soliton perturbation theory is used to examine the role of a wavenumber-two topography in near-resonantly forcing omega-type blocking high and dipole blocking. It can be shown that in the amplifying process of forced planetary-scale soliton, due to the inclusion of the higher order terms its group velocity gradually tends to be equal to its phase velocity so that the block envelope and carrier wave can be phase-locked at a certain time.This shows that the initiation of blocking is a transfer of amplified envelope soliton system from dispersion to nondispersion. However, there exists a reverse process during the decay of blocking. It appears that in the higher latitude regions, the planetary-scale envelope soliton-topography interaction could be regarded as a possible mechanism of the establishment of blocking.     

The Role of Topography and Diabatic Heating in the Formation of Dipole Blocking in the Atmosphere

In this paper, the nonlinear stationary waves forced by topography and diabatic heating are investigated. It is pointed out that (1) the nonlinear interaction of different stationary waves forced only by topography might form dipole blocking in the atmosphere, this might explain the dipole blocking appeared in the Pacific and Atlantic regions; (2) the dipole blocking could not be caused by the nonlinear interaction of the different stationary waves forced by the diabatic heating alone; (3) the nonlinear interaction of the diffferent stationary waves forced by both topography and diabatic heating could initiate dipole blocking in the atmosphere. In winter, the dipole blocking mainly occurs in the west regions of the Pacific and the Atlantic, and the heat source over the western part of the two oceans is advantageous to the formation of dipole blocking in the west of two oceans. However, in summer, the dipole blocking could be formed in the east part of the two oceans, and the heat source over the eastern     

大气中大尺度扰动超熵的产生和广义 Lyapunov稳定性及其应用

本文把大气中的大尺度扰动与背景场分开,由于扰动与背景场义有能量交换,因而扰动可作为一个开放系统,尔后将耗散结构理论应用于研究大气中大尺度扰动的特性,并指出:大气中大尺度扰动超熵的产生表征了大气中扰动有效位能的增减.在此基础上,得到了一个Lyapunov函数,而这个Lyapunov函数的时间导数表征了大尺度扰动总能量的增减,另外,还按Glandsdorff和Prigogine的工作引入了一个广义Lyapunov函数,这个函数的时间偏导可以与大尺度E—P通量联系起来,最后还用大尺度扰动超熵的产生讨论了阻塞形势的发展和衰减过程.     

面向公众的地震宏观异常信息认知培训游戏系统

本文针对目前地震知识培训缺乏互动和沟通的问题,以本体化的地震宏观异常信息知识库为基础,将以目标为驱动的体验式认知方法应用于系统设计中,实现了面向公众的地震宏观异常信息认知培训游戏系统.该游戏系统将知识融入到以目标为导向的体验场景和体验任务中,以心流体验激发用户的学习动机,使公众在游戏中自主地解决问题,高效地完成对地震宏观异常知识的认知,更好地协助有关部门做好群测群防工作.     

TJ-Ⅱ型钻孔体应变仪数字化观测资料分析

对位于山东省不同地理、构造条件的4个TJ－Ⅱ型钻孔体应变仪数字化观测资料进行了分析，结果表明：4个台的体应变资料不同程度地受降雨、地下水位、气压、温度的影响，其完整性、稳定性和可靠性不同，记录地震波的能力也存在差异。