薄层厚度定量解释研究

薄层厚度定量解释已成为能源勘探迫切需要解决的课题之一。目前薄层厚度定量预测方法繁多,本文简要地介绍薄层的基本概念、薄层理论以及国内外薄层厚度研究的现状,并重点介绍了道积分法,在此基础上利用正演模型和实际资料进行了深入的研究。     

基于三阶段DEA模型中国区域能源效率研究(英文)

能源短缺、利用率低、环境恶化已经成为制约我国经济发展的重要环节。本文运用三阶段DEA模型对中国29个省市2009年的能源效率进行了分析。文章将技术效率分为纯技术效率和规模效率,并利用其数值来分析能源效率,同时,加入环境变量来分析完善上述计算结果。结果表明,在剔除外部因素和环境变量以前规模效率被高估,纯技术效率被低估。大部分省在第三阶段计算出的规模收益是递增的,这说明很多企业规模较小不能体现出规模经济性。从区域上来看则是东部地区的能源效率最高,中部次之,西部最低。针对这一结果,本文给出几点建议:中西部地区应加强合作,发挥各自优势,开发新技术新能源,提高能源利用率,促进经济健康发展。     

50-day Oscillation of Length-of-day Change

Variations of Earth’s rotation rate (length-of-day, LOD) occur over a wide range of time scales from a few hours to the geological age. Studies showed that the 50-day fluctuation exists in LOD change. In the present paper, the authors use wavelet technique to study the 50-day oscillation in LOD series. Temporal variations of the oscillation are presented in this work. After analyzing the axial component of atmospheric angular momentum (AAM) and oceanic angular momentum (OAM), the 50-day periodic signal is also found in atmospheric and oceanic motion with remarkable time-variation. Meanwhile, the 50-day oscillation of the axial AAM is in good consistence with that of LOD change. This suggests that the 50-day oscillation of LOD change is mainly excited by the axial AAM. Possible origin of the oscillation for Earth system is discussed in the end of this paper.     

Performance Evaluation of Constructed Wetlands Treating Wastewater Treatment Plant Effluent in Taihu Lake,China

Constructed wetlands are often used for advanced treatment of the secondary effluent of municipal wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). Through assessing wetlands based on economic, technical, environmental, and social impacts, an optimal process is selected. In this study, a set of assessment methods for wetland treatment technology is established: The analytic hierarchy process (AHP) is used to establish the evaluation index system; the entropy weight method is employed to calculate the index weights; and the preference ranking organization method for enrichment evaluation (PROMETHEE) is utilized for ranking of the selected treatment technologies. Then four processes applied in Taihu Lake basin, China are evaluated. The results show the following ranking: Vertical‐flow wetland–ecological pond–surface‐flow wetland–horizontal‐flow wetland, vertical‐flow wetland–horizontal‐flow wetland, ecological pond–horizontal‐flow wetland–surface‐flow wetland, and ecological ditch–ecological pond. The wetland exhibits certain universality and space portability with regard to treatment of municipal WWTP effluent. From the view of comprehensive benefits, the ranking of the treatment technology based on the vertical‐flow wetland is high (Φ values between 0.0224 and 0.0349), whereas that based on the ecological pond is low (Φ values between ?0.2086 and ?0.2652), owing to the mechanism of the process itself and the role of microorganisms in the system. Moreover, for organic matter removal, a vertical‐flow wetland process is recommended (48%), whereas for the removal of N contamination, an integrated‐flow wetland process is suggested (31.2% for NH₃‐N, 32.4% for TN removals).     

地极坐标系统及其相互关系

本文回顾了各种地极坐标系统的状况，包括地极坐标原点的定义、系统的组成和这些系统之间的相互关系等。地极坐标系的原点，就是地球参考系Ｚ轴与地面的交点，因而选择某个地极坐标原点，在实际上也选取了相应的地球参考系。本文还详细叙述了常用的各种地球参考系原点和轴向的定义，实现的方法、精度，不同地球参考系之间的转换参数等等。     

岩石矿物中锂、铷、铯的原子吸收光谱法测定

文献报道的测定岩石矿物中锂、铷、铯的方法都是在硫酸或硝酸介质中做的,该介质只能测定这三种元素,这不能满足在同一试液中测定多种元素的需要。本文选用盐酸作为测定介质,不但可以取分液测定锂、铷、铯,还可以直接或另取分液加入干扰抑制剂测定其它元素。该法灵敏准确,精密度好,选择性高。一般熔物都是盐酸浸取,正好与本实验介质一致,因此不需另制专用试液。简化了分析手续,扩大了元素的分析范围。     

矿石中金的快速测定——Z/8000原子吸收光谱法

对于含硫化物样品,用2:1逆王水分解,泡沫塑料吸附,缩短(或省去)了除硫和有机碳的灼烧时间,解决了矿石中含硫和有机碳高时,经长时间灼烧,硫、碳仍除不尽,致使金的分析结果偏低的问题。逆王水分解后的试样用泡沫塑料分离富集金,回收率在95%以上。高含量金火焰法测定,低含量金石墨炉法测定,操作极为方便快速。火焰法测定时,特征浓度为0.48ppm/l%吸收,VC为2—11%;石墨炉法测定时,绝对灵敏度为2.48×10^-11g/l%吸收,VC为7.42%。     

F-K域三层对称模型洛夫型导波频散分析

导波(分瑞利型和洛夫型2种)在波导层中传播时,其能量持续时间长,而且传播过程中携带着波导层的结构信息。基于多道分析的F-K方法(频率波数域二维傅立叶变换),分析研究了3层对称模型中的洛夫型导波的频散特性,计算了理论频散曲线,并据此合成了特定频率的导波记录。通过对合成记录的F-K域分析,获得了理论模型的速度参数。从分析结果来看,速度参数与理论合成参数相一致,说明F-K方法可作为导波的频散分析。     

煤层中瑞利型导波的能量分布

为了研究瑞利型导波在煤层中的能量分布规律,理论推导了3层对称弹性介质中瑞利波的频散曲线方程以及瑞利型导波的能量分布方程;绘制振幅深度分布曲线。研究表明,煤层中传播的瑞利型导波其能量主要集中在煤层中,且其能量在煤层中分布遵循一定的规律,即：瑞利型导波的x分量的能量关于煤层中心偶对称,且煤层中心能量最强;z分量关于煤层中心奇对称,且煤层中心能量最小。