Effects of surface characteristics on infiltration patterns in an arid shrub desert

Precipitation is often the sole source of water replenishment in arid and semi‐arid areas and, thus, plays a pertinent role in sustaining desert ecosystems. Revegetation over 40 years using mainly Artemisia ordosica and Caragana korshinskii at Shapotou Desert Experimental Research Station near Lanzhou, China, has established a dwarf‐shrub and microbiotic soil crust cover on the stabilized sand dunes. The redistribution of infiltrated moisture through percolation, root extraction, and evapotranspiration pathways was investigated. Three sets of time‐domain reflectometry (TDR) probes were inserted horizontally at 5, 10, 15, 20, 30 and 40 cm depths below the ground surface in a soil pit. The three sets of TDR probes were installed in dwarf‐shrub sites of A. ordosica and C. korshinskii community with and without a microbiotic soil crust cover, and an additional set was placed in a bare sand dune area that had neither vegetation nor a microbiotic soil crust present. Volumetric soil moisture content was recorded at hourly intervals and used in the assessment of infiltration for the different surface covers. Infiltration varied greatly, from 7·5 cm to more than 45 cm, depending upon rainfall quantity and soil surface conditions. In the shrub community area without microbiotic soil crust cover, infiltration increased due to preferential flow associated with root tunnels. The microbiotic soil crust cover had a significant negative influence on the infiltration for small rainfall events (～10 mm), restricting the infiltration depth to less than 20 cm and increasing soil moisture content just beneath the soil profile of 10 cm, whereas it was not as strong or clear for larger rainfall events (～60 mm). For small rainfall events, the wetting front depth for the three kinds of surface cover was as follows: shrub community without microbiotic soil crust > bare area > shrub community with microbiotic soil crust. In contrast, for large rainfall events, infiltration was similar in shrub communities with and without microbiotic soil crust cover, but significantly higher than measured in the bare area. Soil water extraction by roots associated with evapotranspiration restricted the wetting front penetration after 1 to 3 h of rainfall. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

海量数据CDT快速建立及其实时更新

对海量地形数据快速整体CDT生成、实时更新等算法进行了研究，并在AutoCAd环境下研制了公路数字地面模型软件BID－Land,实现了与公路CAD的集成。190多公里国家重点公路工程勘察设计中的实际应用表明，程序算法具有很强的实用性、极高的效率和良好的地形模拟精度。     

“中国地壳运动观测网络”区域网GPS联测数据的处理

介绍了“中国地壳运动观测网络”1999年区域网GPS联测数据的基本情况 ,并采用所给定的处理方案对此次联测数据进行了处理。计算结果表明 :点位坐标重复性在南北方向为 2 .0mm ,东西方向为 3.0mm ,高程方向为 5 .6mm ;基线重复性达到 1.76mm +1.78L× 10 -9mm ,基线分量重复性南北方向为 1.4 0mm +1.0 5L× 10 -9mm ,东西方向为 2 .14mm +1.5 6L× 10 -9mm ,高程方向为 4 .6 9mm +2 .18L× 10 -9mm     

一种地形图快速扫描矢量化方法

提出了利用adobe的Steamline以及AutoCAD、CorelDraw对纸介图进行扫描矢量化的方法，该方法的主要功能是原图扫描、扫描图矢量化及矢量图校正的处理。经实践应用，其速度、精度等均可满足一般地理信息系统的要求。     

1997/1998年El Nino/La Nina期间洋流的演变特征和影响的分析

利用ＴＯＧＡ—ＴＡＯ赤道次表层海流与海温观测资料，比较清楚地揭示了１９９７／１９９８年Ｅｌ Ｎｉｎｏ期间在赤道西太平洋暖池上空西风异常的驱动下，次表层异常海流的产生机制和向东传播过程中的变化特征。对比分析了海表、次表层异常海流的两种热力平流过程，即水平温度平流和因海流水平辐合辐散造成的垂直上翻（或下沉）运动对混合层及海表温度异常的贡献，结果证实了后一效应对ＥＮＳＯ发生发展的重要意义。最后还对文中的海流异常是否就是理论分析得到的Ｋｅｌｖｉｎ波在海流场上的反映进行了讨论。     

青藏高原加热与亚洲环流季节变化和夏季风爆发

利用逐日NCEP/NCAR再分析资料分析了春夏过渡季节青减高原非绝热加热和大气环流季节变化以及亚洲季风爆发的关系.结果表明,过渡季节的早期(5月中旬以前)青藏高原总非绝热加热与感热加热的时间演变曲线趋势一致,感热加热在过渡季节早期的环流演变中有很重要的作用.青藏高原非绝热加热的时间演变与北半球环流的季节变化和亚洲夏季风爆发有很好的相关.在过渡季节里,青藏高原非绝热加热的变化引起了海-陆热力差异对比的变化,给亚洲夏季风的爆发建立了有利的背景环境,对亚洲夏季风爆发有明显的影响.结果还表明,用各区域纬向风垂直差异的时空分布能更准确地表示季节变化的区域差异.     

从上海市热岛演变看城市绿化的重要意义

近40年来，上海城市热岛面积扩大了7－8倍，强度增强了一倍，导致了高温灾害的增加。上海热岛的迅速扩张和增强始于20世纪80年代，与上海城市的建设有明显的对应关系。如何合理规划城市建设，减缓热岛效应影响，以保证上海城市的健康和可持续发展，已成为一个迫切需要解决的问题。近几年来显示出的上海中心城区热岛强度减弱趋势表明，城市绿化建设对减缓城市热岛效应具有重要意义。     

利用滚动式相关分析方法普查历史资料初探

介绍了一种新的普查历史资料的方法－滚动式相关分析方法，并将滚动相关分析法与一般相关分析法的相关分析结果进行了对比分析。结果表明，滚动式相关分析方法提高了相关稳定性，预报效果优于一般相关分析法。     

节水灌溉与农业面源污染控制研究--以新疆焉耆盆地为例

针对我国北方农业面源污染面积大、分布广、控制难的问题，通过分析新疆焉耆盆地水资源利用现状、潜水位动态、农田排水特征，认为大水漫灌不仅浪费水资源，造成肥料流失，降低产量，而且污染水体，导致土壤次生盐渍化；提出了推广节水灌溉、合理开发利用水资源、控制农业面源污染、综合治理环境的有效途径。     

上海市磁悬浮轨道交通线工程岩土工程概况

文章概述了上海市磁县浮轨道交通工程，并对工程沿线的岩土工程特性作了简要的分析评价。