一次三峡大暴雨的地转螺旋度分析

本文引入了地转螺旋度概念，并将其用于一次大暴雨的分析，结果发现；在地转螺旋度垂直剖面图上，在雨区上空３００ｈＰａ附近有一个负的极小值中心，在５００ｈＰａ有一个正的极大值中心，该分布形成原因可用图６解释。     

似鱼形断层角砾形成机制及意义

在湖南衡东县铅锌矿观察到一种似鱼形的断层角砾。利用单个角砾即可指示断层两盘位移方向和断层面产状。作者认为它将为变质岩区矿田构造研究、为钻孔岩心研究和矿山坑道地质研究中确定断层位移方向带来方便。     

江西赣县区牛角龙钨多金属矿床的发现及其特征

江西赣县区牛角龙钨多金属矿床是根据中国地质调查局在赣南老区实施精准扶贫工作总体部署,由南京地质调查中心"南岭东段重要矿种成矿要素调查"项目组通过1∶5万矿产地质调查、大比例尺填图、地表槽探揭露和深部钻探验证等技术手段发现的具有大型成矿远景的钨多金属矿床.最新研究成果显示,该矿床为石英细脉-网脉带型黑钨矿多金属矿床,地表已圈定南、北2个矿脉带,其中呈近SN向展布的北脉带( Ⅰ)是矿区的主矿脉,以石英细脉-网脉型黑钨多金属矿为主,宽10~30 m,南北延伸1 500 m以上,验证实施的ZK001钻孔和ZK002钻孔中分别发现含矿石英脉157条和249条,已圈定了4个钨矿体、2个银矿体和8个含矿细脉带.该矿床的发现不仅实现了赣南找矿空白区的新突破,为该区脱贫致富提供新的钨多金属矿资源基地,也为赣南及相邻地区钨多金属矿找矿勘查提供了理论依据和成功示范.     

自动气象观测数据的质量控制

精细化气候变化分析及气候预测服务亟待发展,对高分辨率优质量的气候资料需求不断增长。本文利用缺测率、对比差值、空间一致性、粗差率、一致率5个指标对2009—2014年浙江省2 209个自动站温度数据进行评估分析,运用开放式可调整的评分标准,选取数据质量稳定可靠的站点,满足气候研究与业务的发展需求。共取得91个一级可用站,499个二级可用站,363个三级可用站,一级站主要分布于宁波和嘉兴地区,二级和三级站在各地都有较均匀的分布。在全省气候统计分析中,可以根据需求利用可用站。此外,有可用自动站参与的温度分布图完美呈现了地形对温度的影响,也使城市化发展突显出来,精细化的气候分析能更有效的为高山地区耕种制度及城市建设与规划提供科学依据。     

黔中乌当盆地阶地沉积特征及其对盆地演化的指示

黔中乌当盆地是贵州省山间盆地的典型代表,四级河流阶地清晰地记录了新构造运动中区域地壳抬升和盆地演化。通过阶地沉积物砾组统计、粒度分析、光释光（OSL）测年,探讨盆地的发育和演化。结果显示,阶地砾石排列指示盆地水系古流向与现代河流基本一致,砾石磨圆度变化大,分选较差,岩性继承了区域地层。砾石组合特征反映了构造抬升期盆地内强烈的冲刷剥蚀。漫滩沉积物粒度表明盆地在稳定阶段河流水动力整体呈增大趋势。T4和T3发育阶段区域以冲刷剥蚀为主并塑造了盆地雏形。T2阶地沉积特征及测年结果（177.4 ka~87.6 ka）表明中更新世末期持续数万年的沉积夷平作用使盆地基本成型。T1阶地形成时代约25ka,指示了黔中地区最近一次构造抬升和盆地的最终定型。     

A Coal Burst Risk Assessment Model of Seismic Events Based on Multiple Seismic Source Parameters: A Case Study of the Huating Coal Mine,Gansu Province,China

Mining-induced tremors are indispensable events that gestate and trigger coal bursts. The radiated energy is usually considered a key index to assess coal burst risk of seismic events. This paper presents a model to assess coal burst risk of seismic events based on multiple seismic source parameters. By considering the distribution and relation laws of the seismic source parameters of coal bursts, the model aims to identify dangerous seismic events that more closely match the characteristics of multiple seismic source parameters of coal bursts. The new coal burst risk index T is proposed. It consists of the similarity index SI (representing the similarity degree of relations between seismic events and coal burst events based on seismic source parameters) and the strength index ST (representing the burst strength of seismic events). We studied 79 coal burst events that occurred during extraction in LW250105 of the Huating coal mine in Gansu Province, China. We obtained the distribution and relation laws of multiple seismic source parameters of coal burst events to establish SI and ST. Two groups of seismic events with different energy distributions were examined to compare the assessment results based on the new model and energy criteria. The results show that 80% and 89% of seismic events with strong coal burst risk in Groups A and B, respectively, were coincident, and the seismic events with medium coal burst risk were slightly less compared to those based on radiated energy. The results indicate that the assessment based on the T value is a modification and optimization of that based on radiated energy. This model is conducive to improving the efficiency of monitoring and early warning of coal burst risk.

     

简谐荷载下单层球面网壳动力失效机理研究

以具有实际工程意义的40m跨度K8型单层球面网壳为研究对象,采用ANSYS程序的Pipe20单元,考察不同矢跨比网壳在不同频率的简谐荷载作用下,随着荷载幅值的逐渐增大,其宏观和微观响应的变化,详细阐述了2类破坏行为的规律,并通过一定规模的参数分析,给出单层球面网壳动力强度破坏判别准则.     

Extraction of Lithium from Salt Lake Brine using N523-TBP Mixture System

In this work,problems encountered by tri-butyl phosphate( TBP) in the industrialization of lithium extraction from salt lake brine were discussed in detail. The behavior of N,N-bi-( 2-ethylhexyl) acetamide( N523) during lithium extraction was investigated,and its disadvantages were analyzed in the view of practical application. An N523-TBP mixture extraction system was proposed to alleviate or avoid the defects that N523 and TBP met when they were used separately. The optimal composition of this mixture extraction system was determined to be 20% N523-30% TBP-50% kerosene.The effects of brine acidity,Fe/Li molarity ratio,phase ratio and chloride ion concentration on lithium extraction efficiency were discussed. The operation conditions in single-stage extraction were optimized as brine acidity = 0. 05 mol/L,Fe/Li molarity ratio = 1. 3,and phase ratio = 2. The high concentration of chloride ions in brine was beneficial for the extraction of lithium. The structure of the extracted complex was proposed as( LiFeCl_4·n N523·m TBP)·( 2-n) N523·( 2-m) TBP( m + n = 2) by chemical analysis and slope-fitting methods. The extraction thermodynamic functions were calculated preliminarily,and the results suggested that the extraction process was an exothermic( ΔH 0) and spontaneous( ΔG 0) reaction,and the degree of disorder increased( ΔS 0) during the extraction process. This work will give some guidance to the lithium industry of Qinghai in both the fundamental theory and practical application.     

2020年5月山东强对流天气特点及成因

2020年5月山东共出现13次强对流天气过程,其中8次出现冰雹,共15市（93.8%）81站（65.9%）出现降雹,单站最大降雹次数为4次。10次出现10级以上雷暴大风,5次出现短时强降水,强对流次数之多、范围之广、强度之大、灾害之重为近10年少见。其中,“5 ·17”强对流天气过程最为剧烈,其冰雹范围之广非常罕见,最大冰雹直径为4.5 cm,最大风速达36.6 m ·s^-1（12级）,最大雨强达56.9 mm ·h^-1。利用欧洲中期天气预报中心（European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts,ECMWF）第五代大气再分析数据集（ECMWF Reanalysis v5,ERA5）和加密自动气象观测站、多普勒天气雷达、闪电定位等资料,对2020年5月山东强对流天气特点及强对流多发的原因进行分析,并以“5 ·17”强对流天气过程为例,对雷达回波特征和风暴内的垂直运动进行剖析。结果表明：（1）副热带高压强度偏强,一方面有利于其外围的西南暖湿气流到达山东,另一方面阻挡西风带系统,导致前倾槽强度偏强,长时间维持在山东上空;500 hPa异常偏强的暖高压脊前西北气流携带的冷空气叠加在850 hPa偏强的暖温度脊上空,造成山东上空长时间为位势不稳定大气层结。（2）在上述有利的天气背景下,山东上空水汽充沛,对流有效位能偏大,冀鲁豫3省交界处气旋式辐合偏强,鲁中地区稳定存在一条辐合线,容易触发产生强对流天气,造成山东5月强对流天气频发。（3）对流风暴高度组织化、区域性的超级单体群以及一条长度超过500 km的强飑线是造成“5 ·17”强对流的直接原因,对流风暴内部的上升速度高达28 m ·s^-1。     

白云鄂博碳酸岩墙的稀土和微量元素地球化学及对其成因的启示

根据矿物组成白云鄂博矿区的碳酸岩岩可墙可分为白云石型、白云石－方解石共存型和方解石型三种类型。REE和微量元素地球化学表明，这三类碳酸岩岩墙为碳酸岩浆演化不同阶段的产物，白云石型和白云石－方解石共存型对应于早期岩浆阶段，其（La/Nd)n、(La/Yb)n比值随稀土总量的增加而增大，方解石型则对应于碳酸岩浆演化的晚期热液阶段，其稀土总量明显富集，但其（La/Nd)n、(La/Y)n和（La/Yb)n比值随稀土总量的增加却有减小的趋势，热液阶段也是白云鄂博稀土矿化的主要阶段。