安徽铜陵新桥Cu-Au-S矿床黄铁矿微量元素LA-ICP-MS原位测定及其对矿床成因的制约

激光剥蚀电感耦合等离子体质谱(LA-ICP-MS)是一种固体微区分析新技术。用该技术来分析矿床中硫化物的微量元素组成可以为研究成矿流体特征、矿床成因及找矿勘探提供有关的科学信息。文中以安徽铜陵矿集区内新桥Cu-Au-S矿床中的黄铁矿为研究对象,在详细的野外观察和室内鉴定的基础上,将矿床中的黄铁矿分为具有沉积特征的胶状黄铁矿(PyⅠ)、具有变形重结晶和热液叠加作用特征的细粒他形黄铁矿(PyⅡ)和具热液成因特征的中—粗粒自形黄铁矿(PyⅢ)3种类型。LA-ICP-MS原位微量元素测定结果显示,PyⅠ中相对富含Ti、Co、Ni、As、Se、Te;PyⅡ继承了PyⅠ中富含Ti、Co、Ni、As、Se、Te、Bi的特征,同时还含有不均匀分布的少量成矿元素(Cu、Pb、Zn、Au、Ag);PyⅢ中成矿元素Cu、Pb、Zn、Ag、Au以及Bi元素的含量较高,Co、Ni、As的含量较低。在元素赋存状态方面,Co、Ni、As、Se和Te均以类质同象的形式进入到了黄铁矿的晶格中;Bi在PyⅡ中主要以含Bi矿物的微细包裹体形式存在,而在PyⅢ中的Bi还部分取代了Fe而占据了晶格;Cu、Pb、Zn、Au、Ag这些成矿元素中,Cu和Zn分别以黄铜矿和闪锌矿的矿物包裹体存在于黄铁矿中;PyⅡ中所含的少量Au、Ag,可能分别以自然金和自然银的形式存在,而在PyⅢ中Au可能主要以银金矿的形式存在,Ag除了以银金矿的形式存在以外还可能赋存于黄铁矿中含铋的矿物包裹体内;Pb主要赋存于黄铁矿中的方铅矿或含铋矿物的包裹体中。在综合分析黄铁矿的结构形态和微量元素组成特征的基础上认为,PyⅠ型黄铁矿可能形成于前人提出的晚古生代海底沉积或喷流沉积环境,PyⅡ和PyⅢ型黄铁矿分别形成于中生代区域构造变形-热液叠加改造的过渡环境和热液环境,PyⅡ和PyⅢ的形成时间相近。新桥矿床的形成可能经历了晚古生代海底沉积或喷流沉积期和燕山期热液期,胶黄铁矿主要形成于沉积成矿期,而矿床中成矿物质Cu、Pb、Zn、Au、Ag等主要来自燕山期岩浆侵入作用形成的热液成矿系统。     

基于短波红外技术的西藏多龙矿集区铁格隆南矿床荣那矿段及其外围蚀变填图-勘查模型构建

采用短波红外技术测量西藏多龙矿集区铁格隆南矿区地表岩石样本,发现蚀变矿物主要有绢云母和绿泥石,并在地表形成了一套从绢英岩化带-青磐岩化带的具有斑岩特点的蚀变矿物组合特征。通过测量地下ZK0804,ZK1604,ZK2404,ZK3204四个钻孔岩心的短波红外特征,发现钻孔岩心中存在大量明矾石、高岭石、地开石和绢云母,在东西向展布的过程中,绢云母数量及厚度明显增大,有继续向下延伸的趋势,说明矿体向深部逐渐从富含明矾石、地开石、高岭石的高硫、低温类型的矿物组合向绢英岩化带转变,并构成了规律的蚀变分带系统。根据地表、地下岩（矿）石的短波红外光谱特征及蚀变矿物分布趋势,构建了基于短波红外勘查技术的多龙矿集区斑岩-高硫浅成低温热液型铜（金）矿床找矿勘查模型,总结了从钾化带-绢英岩化带-泥化带-高级泥化带（明矾石-地开石-高岭石组合）-青磐岩化带的一套完整蚀变矿物组合及光谱特征。     

西藏雅鲁藏布江缝合带中段日喀则地幔橄榄岩中发现金刚石等异常矿物

本文报道了雅鲁藏布江缝合带中段日喀则蛇绿岩地幔橄榄岩中发现与该带东西段蛇绿岩岩体中相似的金刚石和特殊地幔矿物群。日喀则地幔橄榄岩体以方辉橄榄岩为主,含少量二辉橄榄岩和纯橄岩,辉石岩和辉长岩呈脉状产在方辉橄榄岩中。通过重砂分选实验,在465kg的方辉橄榄岩大样中发现了30余种特殊矿物群,包括金刚石、自然金、自然铬、自然铜等自然元素矿物类;碳硅石等碳化物类;方铁矿、赤铁矿、磁铁矿、刚玉、铬尖晶石、金红石、锡石、黑钨矿等氧化物类;镍黄铁矿、方铅矿、辉钼矿、辉锑矿、闪锌矿、毒砂等硫化物类;Ag-Au等合金矿物类;橄榄石、辉石、锆石等硅酸盐岩类;白钨矿等钨酸盐岩类;萤石等氟化物类。金刚石和自然金、自然铬、自然铜连同碳硅石的发现表明岩体存在强还原环境,这套特殊矿物组合指示日喀则地幔橄榄岩可能与雅鲁藏布缝合带其他蛇绿岩一样,经历了深地幔演化过程。     

3500m岩心钻探装备在油气井勘查中的示范应用

3500 m岩心钻探装备（YDX—6型钻机）是我国自主研发的深部矿产资源勘查技术装备,采用N级口径钻深可达3500 m,其最大特点是采用长油缸钻进和起下钻。本文主要介绍了该钻机在油气井勘查中生产试验情况,同时对矿区地层、钻孔结构、钻进过程、钻进效果、遇到的主要问题及解决办法等进行了介绍。     

新疆金窝子片麻状花岗岩锆石U-Pb 年代学、 地球化学特征及其地质意义

[摘 要]金窝子金矿是新疆东部重要的金矿床之一,其赋矿围岩为上泥盆统金窝子组火山碎屑岩-沉积岩和金窝子片麻状花岗岩。前人研究显示金窝子片麻状花岗岩形成时代为356～392Ma,变化范围较大,且与金窝子组底部有片麻状花岗岩砾石的地质事实不符,在一定程度上制约着金矿床成矿作用和成矿地质背景的研究。金窝子片麻状花岗岩准确时代的确定,是研究该金矿成矿规律和构造岩浆演化的基础和关键。因此,本文采用高精度LA-ICP-MS 方法对金窝子片麻状花岗岩进行锆石U-Pb 定年和Hf 同位素研究。研究结果表明,片麻状花岗岩岩浆结晶时代为429.1±2.7Ma,形成于中志留世,结合野外观察认为岩体时代应早于金窝子组地层,两者为不整合关系。锆石的ε_HF(t)值和Hf 同位素两阶段模式年龄分别介于-3. 5～+1.2 和2545Ma～3072Ma 之间。地球化学资料显示,片麻状花岗岩轻稀土(LREE)和大离子亲石元素( Rb、Th 和K) 相对富集,Nb、Ta 和Ti 等高场强元素相对亏损,A/ CNK 在1.13～1.14之间,具有高K 钙碱性系列岩石的特征和岛弧钙碱性岩浆活动的特征,该岩体的形成与南天山洋早古生代晚期的闭合以及后来塔里木板块和哈萨克斯坦板块的碰撞密切相关。     

Compositional fractionation of polyaromatic hydrocarbons in the karst soils, South China

This study aims to explore the condensation and fractionation trends of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) in the karst soils. The tiankeng is a karst surface expression that can act as a focal point for introduction of contaminants to a karst aquifer, which may serve both as condenser for vapor phase POPs and as barrier/sink for particulate associated less volatile POPs. The fractionation of POPs in soils from the upper rim and floor of tiankeng is of interest in understanding the role of tiankeng in the long-distance transport of POPs. In the present study, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the surface soils from the upper rim and floor of Dashiwei tiankeng in Southern China were analyzed. The total PAH concentrations in soils were 23.40–190 ng g⁻¹, with phenanthrene being the most abundant. The distribution patterns of PAH compounds in the soil samples matched well with their properties. It indicated the heavy PAHs were susceptible to retention by the floor soils of tiankeng than light PAHs. A plot of Cfloor/Crim against PAH molecular weight gave a good positive relationship in the molecular weight range of 152–276. It is suggested that the floor soils can be focal points of more concentrated PAH and deserve attention. The concentrations of total PAHs in the floor soils (43.40–190 ng g⁻¹, mean 87.76 ng g⁻¹) were higher than those in the upper rim (23.40–88.94 ng g⁻¹, mean 57.74 ng g⁻¹). In addition, there was a shift in compound pattern with an increase in the proportion of light PAHs (2–3 rings), a decrease in heavy PAHs (5–6 rings) and a relatively stable content of 4-ring PAHs. A combination of particulate scavenging and cold condensation is proposed as the major mechanism for the compositional fractionation of PAHs in the soils from the upper rim and floor of tiankeng.     

三种仿寿山“坑头冻”印材的宝石矿物学特征

为研究缅甸翡翠中的哪些部位适合做烧红处理以及该部位能被烧红的原因,采用加热实验、偏光显微镜、红外光谱及差热分析方法对缅甸翡翠样品的原生部位、雾部位的加热前、后的特征进行了测试与分析。结果显示,翡翠中的蓝雾部位及黄雾部位适合做烧红处理,原生部位不适合烧红处理,蓝雾部位可以被烧成黄色及红色,黄雾部位可以被烧成红色。雾部位适合用来做烧红处理的原因在于,在低温的加热条件下,蓝雾部位中的大量的Fe2＋发生价态变化,实现由绿泥石向针铁矿的转变所导致,该过程由表及里逐步进行。原生部位的主要矿物硬玉需被加热更高的温度,在破坏其晶格的情况下,才可以呈现出红色,且该红色不具有褐色调。     

鄱阳湖组(第四系)的修订及特征

根据对鄱阳湖地区 Zk0 1钻孔柱状剖面的研究 ,对鄱阳湖组的定义进行修订、补充 ,认为鄱阳湖组为一套以青灰色淤泥质粘土、黄褐色粘土、粉质粉土为主夹少量粉砂或细砂的湖泊—河口三角洲相沉积。年代地层为第四系全新统 ,底界年龄约 6 2 10± 12 5 a B.P.,开阔湖泊沉积始于 32 4 0± 180 a B.P.,且由北向南时代渐新 ,具有明显的穿时性     

Analysis of Karst Tufa from Guangxi, China

The paper presents an analysis of characteristic karst tufa from Guangxi, China, which has not been studied before. A comparison with tufa from Dinaric Karst of Croatia is discussed in view of the C-type climate. The major mineral is calcite. Minor minerals are quartz and dolomite, depending on location. The content of calcium carbonate varies from 65% to 92%, and that of magnesium carbonate from 0.03% to 1.77%. Among other elements, the most abundant are Fe, from 0.02% to 1.50%, and Ti, from 0.15% to 0.27%. Many other trace elements (V, Cr, Mn, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Se, Br, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Hg and Pb) are also present. Specific activity of radionuclides 40K, 232Th, 137Cs, 226Ra and 238U varies from sample to sample. Concentration of U in tufa is close to that reported for sedimentary carbonate. Low concentration of 137Cs indicates that this part of the world was not exposed to nuclear explosions. The concentration of 226Ra is the highest in Mashan County. The ratio 238U/226Ra (0.21-0.71) in tufa from Mashan Co     

Geochemical, Sr–Nd and zircon U–Pb–Hf isotopic studies of Late Carboniferous magmatism in the West Junggar, Xinjiang: Implications for ridge subduction?

Voluminous granitic intrusions are distributed in the West Junggar, NW China, and they can be classified as the dioritic rocks, charnockite and alkali-feldspar granite groups. The dioritic rocks (SiO₂ = 50.4–63.8 wt.%) are calc-alkaline and Mg enriched (average MgO = 4.54 wt.%, Mg^# = 0.39–0.64), with high Sr/Y ratios (average = 21.2), weak negative Eu (average Eu/Eu = 0.80) and pronounced negative Nb–Ta anomalies. Their Sr–Nd and zircon Hf isotopic compositions ((⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr)_i = 0.7035–0.7042, ε_Nd(t) = 4.5–7.9, ε_Hf(t) = 14.1–14.5) show a depleted mantle-like signature. These features are compatible with adakites derived from partial melting of subducted oceanic crust that interacted with mantle materials. The charnockites (SiO₂ = 60.0–65.3 wt.%) show transitional geochemical characteristics from calc-alkaline to alkaline, with weak negative Eu (average Eu/Eu = 0.75) but pronounced negative Nb–Ta anomalies. Sr–Nd and zircon Hf isotopic compositions ((⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr)_i = 0.7037–0.7039, ε_Nd(t) = 5.2–8.0, ε_Hf(t) = 13.9–14.7) also indicate a depleted source, suggesting melts from a hot, juvenile lower crust. Alkali-feldspar granites (SiO₂ = 70.0–78.4 wt.%) are alkali and Fe-enriched, and have distinct negative Eu and Nb–Ta anomalies (average Eu/Eu = 0.26), low Sr/Y ratios (average = 2.11), and depleted Sr–Nd and zircon Hf isotopic compositions ((⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr)_i = 0.7024–0.7045, ε_Nd(t) = 5.1–8.9, ε_Hf(t) = 13.7–14.2). These characteristics are also comparable with those of rocks derived from juvenile lower crust. Despite of the differences in petrology, geochemistry and possibly different origins, zircon ages indicate that these three groups of rocks were coevally emplaced at ~ 305 Ma.A ridge subduction model can account for the geochemical characteristics of these granitoids and coeval mafic rocks. As the “slab window” opened, upwelling asthenosphere provided enhanced heat flux and triggered voluminous magmatisms: partial melting of the subducting slab formed the dioritic rocks; partial melting of the hot juvenile lower crust produced charnockite and alkali-feldspar granite, and partial melting in the mantle wedge generated mafic rocks in the region. These results suggest that subduction was ongoing in the Late Carboniferous and, thus support that the accretion and collision in the Central Asian Orogenic Belt took place in North Xinjiang after 305 Ma, and possibly in the Permian.