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141.
142.
地下水是张掖盆地的重要水资源,其硝酸盐污染尚未得到足够重视。对张掖盆地2004、2015年地下水硝酸盐浓度进行了系统分析,并采用美国环境保护署(USEPA)推荐的健康风险评价模型评估了地下水硝酸盐的健康风险。结果表明:自2004年以来张掖盆地地下水硝酸盐污染日趋严重。2015年硝酸盐浓度最高已达到283.32 mg·L-1,17.61%的采样点硝酸盐氮浓度超过GB5749-2006《生活饮用水卫生标准》中饮用地下水限量值(20 mg·L-1)。研究区人群经皮肤接触途径摄入硝酸盐的健康风险在可接受水平,而饮水摄入硝酸盐的健康风险较高,总风险中饮水途径引起健康风险的贡献率占99.40%,远大于皮肤接触途径。儿童经饮水摄入和皮肤接触两种途径的健康风险均显著高于成人,分别为成人的1.544倍和1.039倍。32.39%的采样点地下水硝酸盐对儿童的健康风险超出了可接受水平,14.79%的采样点地下水硝酸盐对成人的健康风险不可接受。甘州区城区、临泽县北部边缘及高台县城区周围硝酸盐浓度最高,这些区域内所有人群都面临硝酸盐引发的高健康风险,其余区域硝酸盐引发的健康风险相对较低。 相似文献
143.
HY-2A is the first one of the Chinese HY-2 ocean satellite series carrying a microwave radiometer(RM)to measure sea surface temperature,sea surface wind speed,atmospheric water vapor,cloud liquid water content,and rain rate.We verified the RM level 1B brightness temperature(T B)to retrieve environmental parameters.In the verification,TB that simulated using the ocean-atmosphere radiative transfer model(RTM)was used as a reference.The total bias and total standard deviation(SD)of the RM level 1B TB,with reference to the RTM simulation,ranged-20.6-4.38 K and 0.7-2.93 K,respectively.We found that both the total bias and the total SD depend on the frequency and polarization,although the values for ascending and descending passes are different.In addition,substantial seasonal variation of the bias was found at all channels.The verification results indicate the RM has some problems regarding calibration,e.g.,correction of antenna spillover and antenna physical emission,especially for the 18.7-GHz channel.Based on error analyses,a statistical recalibration algorithm was designed and recalibration was performed for the RM level 1B TB.Validation of the recalibrated TB indicated that the quality of the recalibrated RM level 1B TB was improved significantly.The bias of the recalibrated T B at all channels was reduced to<0.4 K,seasonal variation was almost eradicated,and SD was diminished(i.e.,the SD of the 18.7-GHz channel was reduced by more than 0.5K). 相似文献
144.
Alameer Zakaria Elaziz Mohamed Abd Ewees Ahmed A. Ye Haiwang Jianhua Zhang 《Natural Resources Research》2019,28(4):1385-1401
Natural Resources Research - An accurate forecasting model for the price volatility of minerals plays a vital role in future investments and decisions for mining projects and related companies. In... 相似文献
145.
YE Huping ZHANG Bing LIAO Xiaohan LI Tongji SHEN Qian ZHANG Fangfang ZHU Jianhua LI Junsheng 《中国海洋湖沼学报》2019,(5)
The absorption spectrum of phytoplankton is an important bio-optical parameter for ocean color hyperspectral remote sensing;its magnitude and shape can be affected considerably by pigment composition and concentration.We conducted Gaussian decomposition to the absorption spectra of phytoplankton pigment and studied the spectral components of the phytoplankton,in which the package effect was investigated using pigment concentration data and phytoplankton absorption spectra.The decomposition results were compared with the corresponding concentrations of the five main pigment groups(chlorophylls a,b,and c,photo-synthetic carotenoids(PSC),and photo-protective carotenoids(PPC)).The results indicate that the majority of residual errors in the Gaussian decomposition are0.001 m~(-1),and R~2 of the power regression between characteristic bands and HPLC pigment concentrations(except for chlorophyll b)was0.65 or greater for surface water samples at autumn cruise.In addition,we determined a strong predictive capability for chlorophylls a,c,PPC,and PSC.We also tested the estimation of pigment concentrations from the empirical specific absorption coefficient of pigment composition.The empirical decomposition showed that the Ficek model was the closest to the original spectra with the smallest residual errors.The pigment decomposition results and HPLC measurements of pigment concentration are in a high consistency as the scatter plots are distributed largely near the 1:1 line in spite of prominent seasonal variations.The Wozniak model showed a better fit than the Ficek model for Chla,and the median relative error was small.The pigment component information estimated from the phytoplankton absorption spectra can help better remote sensing of hyperspectral ocean color that related to the changes in phytoplankton communities and varieties. 相似文献
146.
Using wavelet analysis, regression analysis and the Mann-Kendall test, this paper analyzed time-series (1959–2006) weather
data from 23 meteorological stations in an attempt to characterize the climate change in the Tarim River Basin of Xinjiang
Uygur Autonomous Region, China. Major findings are as follows: 1) In the 48-year study period, average annual temperature,
annual precipitation and average annual relative humidity all presented nonlinear trends. 2) At the 16-year time scale, all
three climate indices unanimously showed a rather flat before 1964 and a detectable pickup thereafter. At the 8-year time
scale, an S-shaped nonlinear and uprising trend was revealed with slight fluctuations in the entire process for all three
indices. Incidentally, they all showed similar pattern of a slight increase before 1980 and a noticeable up-swing afterwards.
The 4-year time scale provided a highly fluctuating pattern of periodical oscillations and spiral increases. 3) Average annual
relative humidity presented a negative correlation with average annual temperature and a positive correlation with annual
precipitation at each time scale, which revealed a close dynamic relationship among them at the confidence level of 0.001.
4) The Mann-Kendall test at the 0.05 confidence level demonstrated that the climate warming trend, as represented by the rising
average annual temperature, was remarkable, but the climate wetting trend, as indicated by the rising annual precipitation
and average annual relative humidity, was not obvious. 相似文献
147.
Sediment cores were collected from the subaqueous delta of the Changjiang Estuary. Sediment grain-size profiles and their fractal dimensions were analyzed, to elucidate responses to long-term sedimentary processes. In addition, the environmental sensitive populations of grain size have been extracted. The sediment cores can be divided into two parts, according to the sedimentary structures present. The upper part (0-12 cm) is interpreted as being the active layer, which is influenced frequently by changes i... 相似文献
148.
GPS���ܵ��㶨λ��Ӱ������ʱ������ؼ���ʩ���� 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
??GPS??????λ?????????У?????????????????估???????λ??????????????????????????????????????????λ????????????λ?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????伸?ι?????????????????????????????Щ??????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 相似文献
149.
基于1979—2020年逐日的NOAA向外长波辐射资料、NCEP/NCAR再分析风场资料,以及全球CMAP再分析降水资料,探讨了气候态亚洲热带夏季风涌的传播过程及与我国夏季相应的降水联系。分析结果表明,主汛期亚洲热带气候态夏季风季节内振荡(CISO)活动是亚洲夏季风活动的主要特征,随时间北传的亚洲热带夏季风CISO称为亚洲热带夏季风涌,主要有南亚夏季风涌和南海夏季风涌。亚洲热带夏季风涌的传播可分为四个阶段。在亚洲热带夏季风涌的发展阶段,印度洋区域低频气旋与对流活跃,孟加拉湾和南海热带区域被低频东风控制,我国大部分地区无降水发生,降水中心位于两广地区。当进入亚洲热带夏季风涌活跃阶段,孟加拉湾和南海热带地区低频气旋和对流活跃,东亚低频“PJ”波列显著,我国降水中心北移到长江以南的附近区域。亚洲热带夏季风涌减弱阶段,孟加拉湾与南海低频气旋消亡,对流减弱,低频西风加强,日本南部附近为低频反气旋控制,我国长江中下游低频南风活跃,降水中心也北移到长江中下游地区,而华南地区已基本无降水,此阶段的大气低频环流场与亚洲热带夏季风涌发展阶段基本相反。进入亚洲热带夏季风涌间歇阶段时,孟加拉湾和南海热带地区低... 相似文献
150.
报道秦皇岛港区底栖海藻的群落结构、季节变化、生物量及优势种类等。通过4次定性采样指出:4月和6月的种类数高于8月和10月,群落组成都以红藻类为优势。平均生物量分布以金山咀最高,灯塔最低,各采样点的优势种是新煤码头为绿藻类的孔石莼、肠浒苔和尾孢藻;灯塔为红藻类的珊瑚藻、鸭毛藻及绿藻类的孔石莼和刺松藻,金山咀为孔石莼、刺松藻、萱藻和蜈蚣藻。 相似文献